He pilikia maʻamau koʻu maʻi i ka maʻemaʻe. I ka honua, ʻo Australia, ʻo New Zealand a me USA e alakaʻi i ka helu o nā hihia hou o ka melanoma i hōʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ma Lūkia, e like me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua, e ulu ana nā helu morbidity.Wahi a ka World Health Organization, ua hōʻike ʻia nā kūlana hou o ka melanoma e hiki iā 132,000 i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻO ka hapanui o nā maʻi he poʻe ʻelemakule, ma hope o 50 mau makahiki ʻo ka nui o nā kāne maʻi e 2-3 manawa ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā wāhine. Akā i nā kāne'ōpio a me nā wahine, ulu pinepine ka maʻi ʻili o ka ʻili. Wahi a nā epidemiologists, o kēiaʻO ke kanesa ma Russia ka lua wale nō i ka maʻi kanesa, nā umauma umauma a me nā maʻi o ka prostate. I nā huaʻōlelo, ʻaʻole kēia e pili ana i kekahi maʻi exotic, akā e pili ana i kahi hoʻoweliweli maoli i ka olakino.Nā ʻano ʻili o ka ʻili o ka ʻiliHiki i nā maʻi maʻi maʻamau ka:Carcinoma cell basal - ua ʻike kēia maʻi i ka 7 mau maʻi o ka maʻi 'ōpū ma waho o 10. ʻO Basalioma ke ʻano like o ka nodule a i ʻole ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka ulaula, ka mea maʻamau i ʻike ʻia ma ka maka. Hiki i kahi neoplasm ke hōʻeha, hōʻeha a hoʻokahe paha - e hoʻonui iki ka nui,me ka ʻole o kahi mea i hōʻike ʻia e kahi pōʻino, ʻo ia ke kumu e hiki ai ke kipa. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, laha iki kēia hāpili ma ke kino (hāʻawi i ka metastases), no laila, makemake nui ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana no nā maʻi maʻi.ʻO ka carcinoma cell cellamous o ka ʻili (ka caramoma cellam squamous) e like me ka lemi ma ke ʻano: he kino ʻawena me kahi ʻāpana āpau. Hoʻohā like kēia mānoʻi me ka wart: i ka nui o nā hihia ua loaʻa i ka maka o ka maka, ma nā wahi o ka lipe haʻahaʻa. I kekahi mau ʻano kīmole o ka carcinoma cellamous, hiki i ka neoplasm ke ʻike wale ia e ka loli ʻana o ka ʻili kino: ma ka pae pathologicalhe ʻili a he ʻeha paha kona. I nā papa i hala, hiki i ka carcinoma ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻokumuʻana o metastases a i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa pono.He ʻano pilikia nui ʻo Melanoma kahi o nā mea maʻi e hōʻeha ai i ka hapa nui o nā maʻi ʻili o ka ʻili. Hoʻoulu i ka pinepine mai nā moles - nā hōʻiliʻili o nā ʻāpana pigment, melanocytes, akā ʻaʻole wale nō: hiki i ka melanoma ke hoʻopilikia i ka retina, ka membous mucous (waha waha, vagina, rectum). Hōʻike ʻia kēia neoplasm e ka ulu wikiwiki a loaʻa i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā metastases lōʻihi - i loko o nā iwi, ka puʻu, nā ʻōpū, ʻāwī. Naaume ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa manawa kūpono, ʻo nā mea maʻi me ka melanoma pinepine pinepine i ka hou - ke ulu pinepine i ka ulu ʻana ma hope o nā makahiki he nui.Nui nā hana kumu no ka hakakā ʻana i ka maʻi ʻili o ka ʻili.ʻO ka hoʻokuʻi ala ala ʻo ia ka ʻoi loa o ka ʻūʻū i nā keaka. ʻO ka hopena nui loa o ka hana i ʻike ʻia i nā hoʻomaka mua ʻana, i ka wā e pili ʻole ai ka neoplasm i nā lymph node a me nā mea kino a me nā kiko. Ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i ke kanikau, hana ke kahuna i ka cauterization (electrocoagulation) a me ka curettage (curettage) o ka ʻeha hōʻeha e hoʻopau i nā koena maʻi i koe. ʻOiai e ulu pinepine ana ke kanesa o ka ʻili ma ka maka, he ʻoluʻolu nā lulu,e hoʻemi i nā hemahema aesthetic. Hoʻopili kēia i ka cryodestruction, kahi e pīhoihoi ai ka ʻōlohelohe me ka hauoli wai a hoʻoneʻe ʻia me ka ʻole ʻeha kino. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i nā hihia me nā ʻano maʻi o ka maʻi o ka maʻi - ka maʻi kalaka cellamous squamous a me ka melanoma - hiki ʻole ke koho i kahi koho ma ke ʻano o ka liʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa o ka hana. ʻO ke ʻano neʻe ʻana o ka Micrographic, e like me ke ʻano MOHS (Mohsa), ka mea i ʻike ʻia ʻoi loa ka palekana a me ka hopena hou o ke ʻano o ka hoʻokau ʻia ʻana no ka maʻi ʻili o ka ʻili. Me ia, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka ʻili me nā pūpula i nā palani, ma lalo o ke kaomi o kahi mikroscope, a pololei kēlā me kēia waihonai ka wā e hoʻouna ʻia ai ka hana no ka hoʻokolokolo hou ʻana i ka ʻoihana. Hoʻōla wale ka mea hoʻokūkū i ka manawa komo i ka manawa e hōʻoia ai ka poʻe kākauʻike i nā manuʻa he manuahi o nā pūpela hewa.Hoʻohana ʻia ka Radiotherapy ma ke ʻano i ke kaʻina hana. Pilikia ka hali i nā ʻōpala i hiki ke ulu wikiwiki, no laila, nā kihi ʻānō o ka radiation ionizing e hiki ke hōʻemi i ka nui o ke kō, a me ka luku ʻana i kēlā mau kelepa maikaʻi i ola ma hope o ka hana. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā hālāwai radiotherapy a me ka wili o ka radiation he kanaka hoʻokahi no kēlā me kēia maʻi.Chemotherapy ka ʻōnaehana a me ka kūloko. Me ka koho ʻana o kēia ʻano, ʻo cytotoxic (detrimental toi nā ʻāpili) ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi mea kanu intravenously a hoʻopuka pololei ʻia i ke kinipōpō. He mea koʻikoʻi loa kēlā ʻano ala i ka ʻike ʻana i nā metastases i ka wā e loaʻa ai ka limu o ke kanikau ma waho o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea lapaʻau.Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau Photodynamic i ka luku ʻia ʻana o kahi lāʻau e ka ʻā ʻana o ka laser ma hope o ka photosensitization mua (hoʻonui i ka ʻike o nā ʻāpana o ka mālamalama). He ʻano hou kēia ʻano, a me kāna hoʻohana ʻana me ke kāhiko ʻole ʻia e pili ana i ka kūkā. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana i hāʻawi i ka mea i hoʻomanoho ʻia ka holomua photodynamic i loko o ka hana lapaʻau o nā keʻena olakino.Ke hoʻoikaika nei a me ka huli ʻana i nā maʻi - nā loea hoʻoweliweli a hoʻohiki e pili ana i ka huli ʻana.ka huhū ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana pale, a i ʻole ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hana ʻia no kekahi ʻano maʻi o ka maʻi maʻi e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona pilikino o ka mea maʻi. ʻIke kekahi poʻe loea i ka manawa hiki i kēia wahi ma ka oncology ke hoʻololi i nā ʻano hana āpau o ka mālama ʻana i nā neoplasms, akā hiki i kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano pale me ka hoʻoulu ʻia a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe a - no ka pale ʻana i nā relapses.Waiho i kahi noi ma kā mākou pūnaewele a e kamaʻilio mākou me kā mākou poʻe loea e kōkua iā ʻoe e koho i ke keʻena maikaʻi loa e like me kāu hihia.