Taksim Acibadem

Hōʻike Manaʻo:ʻO ka Abrasion kahi hana gynecological i hana ʻia e hoʻohālikelike ai a mālama i nā maʻi o nā maʻi pelvic. Hoʻowalewale ʻia ka kēkē cervical e hoʻolako i ka ʻike i ka ʻōpū o ka pūpū. A laila e huki ʻia nā paia o ka ʻōpū ma kahi puʻupuʻu. Hana ʻia ke kaʻina hana ma lalo o ka anesthesia aoao a i ʻole me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka hana hohonu hohonu. Ka lōʻihi palena o ka noho ʻana ma waho: 1 mau pule

Hōʻike Manaʻo:ʻO ka Hysterectomy kahi hana e hoʻoneʻe ai i ka ʻōpū. Me kahi hysterectomy, hoʻoneʻe wale i ka ʻōpū, a i ʻole hoʻi i ka lawelawe, ovaries a me nā ʻopi fallopian. Hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia kahi hysterectomy ma o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū (ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū) a i ʻole ma o ka pūpū (hysterectomy vaginal). Hiki ke hoʻokau ʻia kahi hana hysterectomy ma ke ʻano he wehe wehe a ʻoi paha ka hoʻomaʻapaʻi laparoscopic (hana i ka lāʻau arthroscopic). ʻO nā fibroids uterine ka mea maʻamau ka kumu maʻamau o ka hysterectomy. ʻOiai he lōʻihi loa ka manawa o ka hoʻoponopono, ua hōʻike ʻia ka hana i lokoina ua nele paha kekahi mau hana e ae. Ma hope o kahi hysterectomy, pani ka wahine i ka menstruating, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke loaʻa keiki, a hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka hormone nona. Ka lōʻihi palena o ka noho ʻana ma waho: 1 - 3 mau puleMa hope o ka hana ʻana, pono i kekahi wahine i mau hebedoma e hoʻihoʻi ai ma mua o kona hiki ke hele. Pono ke kauka pono e hoʻomau nā kūlana o ka mea maʻi, a mākaukau ʻo ia no ka huakaʻi.

Hōʻike Manaʻo:ʻO Myomectomy he hana hoʻokō e hana ʻia e wehe i nā fibroids uterine. ʻO nā fibroids uterine he mau ulu benign e hiki ai ke hoʻomoʻi i ka hoʻonaninani o ka vaginal, pelvic a me ka hōʻeha i lalo ke kaumaha, ʻeha i ka wā o ka moʻo a me ka constipation.

Hōʻike Manaʻo:ʻO ka wehe ʻana i kahi pūnika ovarian he hana ia e hana ai e hoʻoneʻe i nā ʻoka nui, maʻi a maʻi maʻi paha mai nā ovaries. He pūpū ovarian kahi ʻeke i piha i ka wai.

Hōʻike Manaʻo:ʻO kahi echocardiogram (EchoCG) kahi loiloi o ka naʻau e, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā nalu ultrasound, e hana ana i kahi kiʻi ʻelua a i ʻole ʻekolu mau manawa o ka puʻuwai. Ka lōʻihi palena o ka noho ʻana ma waho: 1 - 2 lāʻO ka maʻamau, haʻalele nā mea maʻi i ka haukapila ma hope o ke kū ʻana o ka maʻi, inā he hemahema e pono ai ka mālama ʻana ʻaʻole i ʻike.

Hōʻike Manaʻo:Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kekahi electrocardiogram (ECG) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā electrodes i kau ʻia ma ka ʻili. Lawe lākou i nā hiʻona uila o nā ʻōpū o ka puʻuwai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonohonoho i ka nui o nā keʻena o ka puʻuwai, ka mea maʻamau o nā kūpeʻe o ka naʻau a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hiki i kahi electrocardiogram ke nānā i nā hemahema o ka puʻuwai, me ka maʻi cardiovascular, hōʻeha naʻau, cardiomyopathy, mau naʻau puʻuwai, congenital pathologies, a pericarditis. Ka lōʻihi palena o ka noho ʻana ma waho: 1 - 2 lāInā ʻaʻole e hōʻike ka electrocardiogram i ka maʻi puʻuwai koʻikoʻi, hiki i ka mea maʻi ke lele i ka mokulele ma hope o ke kaʻina hana.

ʻO ka maʻi maʻamauʻO ka Epilepsy, e hoʻopili ʻia ana ma mua o 50 miliona mau kānaka i ka honua holoʻokoʻa, e hōʻike ana i ka mahele nui o ka luhi o ka maʻi o ka honua. Kuhi ʻia ka hapa kūpono o ka heluna holoʻokoʻa me ke ʻano ikaika o ka epilepsy (ʻo ia hoʻi, me kahi neʻe lawena a i ʻole e makemake ʻia ka mālama ʻana) i ka manawa hāʻawi mai 4 a 10 i kēlā me kēia 1000 poʻe. Akā, ʻo nā hopena o kekahi mau noiʻi i nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa a me ka waena waena e hōʻike nei he nui loa kēia kāpana - mai 7 a hiki i 15 i kēlā me kēia 1000 poʻe.Ua manaʻo ʻia aia, e nānā pinepine ʻia ka epilepsy i kēlā me kēia makahiki2.4 miliona mau kānaka. I nā'āina kālā āpau, ʻo ka nui o nā hihia hou o ka maʻi i ka maʻi ma waena o ka lehulehu heluna ma waena o 30 a 50 ma 100 000. Aia ma nā'āina haʻahaʻa a me nā waena waena, ʻelua paha ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe i nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa a me ka waena waena e pili ana i ka piʻi nui ʻana o nā maʻi o ka maʻa maʻi e like me ka malaria a me ka neurocysticercosis; mahuahua o nā hōʻeha alanui; nā pōʻino o ke keiki, a me nā ʻokoʻa i loko o ka hoʻonaʻauao olakino, ka loaʻa ʻana o nā papahana pale a me nā mālama olakino kūpono.nullnullnullnulllāʻau lapaʻau, hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke kōkua.KāohiIʻaopathic epilepsy ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, no nā kumu ʻike i waena o ka epilepsy kūkaʻi, hiki ke lawe ʻia nā hana pale.    ʻO ka pale ʻana i nā pōʻino o ke poʻo ke ala maikaʻi loa e pale ai i ka epilepsy post-traumatic.     Ma ke kūpono o ka mālama perinatal pono e hōʻemi i ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka epilepsy hou ma muli o nā hōʻeha kino.     ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka wela o ke kino i nā keiki me ke kuni ʻana e hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻohemo ʻana o nā mea puhi febrile.     ʻO nā maʻi ʻōnaehana o ka kikowaena maʻamau he kumu maʻamau o ka epilepsy ma nā wahi ākeaNui nā ʻāina e kūkulu ana. ʻO ka hoopau ʻana i nā lolo ma lalo o kēia mau kūlana a me ka hana hoʻonaʻauao e pili ana i ka pale ʻana o nā maʻi he ala kūpono e hōʻemi ai i ka lawe ʻana i ka maʻi o ka epilepsy i ka honua holoʻokoʻa, no ka laʻana, epilepsy ma muli o ka neurocysticercosis.ʻAe makemake ʻo Allhospital i ke kauā ʻana iā Kaukaʻi Antonio Russi (Klinikōneke Kiron, Barcelona), kekahi o nā ʻĀpepa kiʻekiʻe o ʻEulopa. Wahi a Kauka Russi, 95 mai ka 100 o nā mea maʻi e hōʻoki loa i ka maʻi epilepsy ma hope o ka mālama kūpono.Waiho i kahi noi ma kā mākou pūnaewele a e kamaʻilio mākou me kā mākou poʻe loea e kōkua iā ʻoe e koho i ke keʻena maikaʻi loa e like me kāu hihia.

Hōʻike Manaʻo:ʻO ke ʻano maʻi ka maʻi aneurysm kahi hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa hana i hoʻokela ʻia ai ka nui o ka pohō o ka aneurysm i kiʻekiʻe. Ka lōʻihi palena o ka noho ʻana ma waho: puleʻO ka manawa i noho ai ma ka haukapila e hilinaʻi i ke ʻano o ka aneurysm. Me ka aneurysm unexploded, ʻo ka wā o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana ma hope o ka mālama ʻana he ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o ka pohō.

Hōʻike Manaʻo:Hana ʻia kahi hana e hoʻopau ai i kahi kūpeʻe o ka lolo e ka loea e kaʻi ʻia ʻana o ka neurosurgeon e pale i kahi a ʻoki a wehe paha i ka ʻōpū. Ka lōʻihi palena o ka noho ʻana ma waho: 6 i 8 mau puleAia ia i ke ʻano o ka hana, ma ka pono a me ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻoponopono a me ke ala o ka hoʻoponopono o ka mea maʻi.

Hoʻomaʻi pinepine ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua lapaʻau pale kāki i ka hōʻoia a nānā paha, mai ka ʻōlelo Pelekānia nēnā hou, kahi ʻike maʻamau o ka olakino maʻi. Hiki i kahi hoʻokolohua lapaʻau ke kōkua i ke ʻike i nā pilikia olakino ma ke kakahiaka mua, ʻoiai ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hōʻailona, a e hōʻoluʻolu hou i nā mea maʻi e hopohopo nei i ko lākou olakino a loaʻa paha kahi mau manaʻo kānalua.Hoʻololi ʻia kahi hōʻike loiloi maʻamau (check-up) e hana i kēlā me kēia mau makahiki. Penei no kēlā mau maʻi i loaʻa i ka nuika kaumaha, nā hana ʻino, a i ʻole ka moʻolelo ʻohana i nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi ʻeha, ke kanesa, a i ʻole ka maʻi maʻi. Hiki i kahi loiloi keʻae ke kōkua i nā pilikia e like me ke koko kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻolua. Hiki i nā maʻi ke hana i nā loli e pono ai i ke ola a me nā hana, a inā pono, e hoʻomaka i ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, e pale ana i ka hoʻomohala hou aʻe o nā maʻi.Nui nā ʻano hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe a me nā hoʻokolohua i hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i kahi hoʻopaʻa kauka, ʻo ia hoʻihōʻike koko, diagnostic imaging, hōʻike cardiac a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui. Hiki i nā loiloi ke komo pū i nā hoʻāʻo koko no nā mākau maʻi i ʻike i nā hōʻailona o nā ʻōpū o ke kanesa i loko o ke kino.Hōʻike ʻia ka nānā aku no nā mea nāna e kanalua i ko lākou kūlana olakino a i ʻole kekahi mau hōʻailona e pono ai ka mālama mau.Noi aku noHoʻolako ʻia kahi hōʻike olakino maʻamau no nā maʻi āpau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mea he nui ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kekahi mau maʻi.

Leukemia lymphoblastic akiko, ke hoʻopili ʻia nei ʻo ALL (e nā leta mua o ka maʻi), a i kekahi manawa hiki ke ʻike iā ʻoe ka inoa o ka maʻi leʻemena lymphocytic maʻa - kahi maʻi ʻino o ka ʻōnaehana hematopoietic. Hoʻomaka ka maʻi ma ka ʻōpū o ka iwi. ʻO kā mākou iwi iwi he mea ʻona o nā puʻuwai koko. Ke maʻi ka ʻōpū o ka iwi, ʻo kēia mea hana, ʻaʻole ma mua o nā mea olakino (e kamaʻilio e kauka nā kauka seleka), e hoʻomaka ana e hana i kahi nui o nā papa koko keʻokeʻo.Inā ʻaʻole maʻi kekahi kanaka, a laila ulu ka nui o nā koko āpau a hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia, hele mai nā mea a pau ma ke kūlike. Māhuahua mālie ke aela o ke koko, a ʻo ka hele ʻana o ke ʻano o ka make ʻana he paʻakikī. Akā i ka manawalilo ke keiki i ka maʻi līmemia lymphoblastic, i.e. KOA, ua pau ka hana o ka make.ʻO nā keʻena koko keʻokeʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā ʻōnaehana koko keʻokeʻo, e hoʻopau koke i ka wā piha a ʻaʻole ulu e ulu i nā papa hana piha piha. Ma kahi, hoʻomaka lākou e kaʻana like ʻole a paʻa ʻole. ʻO ka hana a ka ʻōnaehana hematopoietic ke hoʻomohala pono ʻole ʻia: ʻo nā maʻi maʻi maʻi i hoʻonoho ʻia i nā mea olakino a lawe i ko lākou wahi i ka wahī iwi. ʻAʻohe keiki maʻi i ʻole nā ​​keʻena koko keʻokeʻo maikaʻi, nā ʻāpana koko ʻulaʻula (nā ʻāpana koko ʻulaʻula), a i ʻole nā ​​pelela koko (platelets).ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻomohala ai nā keiki i ka anemia (anemia), nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole (nā maʻi) a me ke kaʻe pinepine ʻana. A me kēiaʻo ia nā hōʻailona mua loa i hiki ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka maʻi maʻi lepera i kahi keiki. Akā ʻo ka maʻi maoli, ʻokoʻa, mai kinohou, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i loko o kekahi wahi o ke kino. Mai ka ʻōpū o ka iwi, ua komo ia i ke kahe, i loko o nā lipine lymphoid (pūnaehana lymphatic) a i nā mea kino ʻē aʻe. Nā hana a ka ʻōnaehana o nā kinena, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, hoʻomaka e hūnā. ʻO ia ke kumu, ʻo I kā ALA, e like me nā ʻano o ka maʻi lepera āpau, ka mea i kapa ʻia he maʻi malopino ʻōnaehana, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hōʻoki ana ka maʻi i ke kino holoʻokoʻa he ʻano.Kolo wikiwiki ka ʻepa a puni ke kino. Ma ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻole, nā lolo leukemia e hoʻoneʻe i nā wahi āpau, ʻaʻolee hui ana i nā pilikia. Hoʻomaka ka mea ola i kahi e hana ai i ka hana maʻamau a hoʻomaka nā maʻi koʻikoʻi i loko o lākou. Inā ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia ka maʻi lepera, a laila pili ʻia ka make i kekahi mau mahina.Waiho i kahi manuahi manuahi ma kā mākou pūnaewele a e kamaʻilio mākou me kā mākou poʻe loea e kōkua iā ʻoe e koho i ke keʻena maikaʻi loa e like me kāu hihia. ʻO ka regimen mālama no ka maʻi leukemia e kū pono ana i ka makahiki a me ke ʻano o ka mea maʻi, ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi, a helu mau ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia kūlana.ʻElua mau ʻano nui o ka mālama ʻana no ka maʻi leukemia - chemotherapy and surgical treatment - bone marrow transplantation.Hoʻolālā ʻia ʻo Chemotherapyʻelua mau hana i hala:• ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka papa mua ka lawe ʻana i ke kala ʻana. Me ka chemotherapy, loaʻa i nā oncologists ke hōʻemi i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā nui blast• Ka hana hoʻohui hoʻohui e pono ai e luku i nā koena maʻi i koe• Re-induction, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hoʻopau piha i ka pā (nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā ʻona, ke neʻe ʻana o ka hoʻokō) o ka hana mua• Hoʻohuiʻia i nā lāʻau lapaʻau chemotherapeutic, aia ka cytostatics i ka regimen lapaʻau maʻamau.Wahi a nā helu helu, ʻo ka nui o ka lōʻihi o ka mālama lapaʻau ʻana no ka maʻi leukemia e pili ana iā 2 mau makahiki.ʻO ka Chemotherapy i hui pū ʻia me ka cytostatics ʻohe ala o kona hiki ke wehe ʻia, ka hopena o ka hopena o ka hoʻopili (nausea, luaʻi, maikaʻi ʻole ka maʻi, ka lulu ʻana o ka lauoho, a pēlā aku). No ka hōʻoluʻolu i ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi, ua kau ʻia ke ʻano concomitant. Eia kekahi, e pili ana i ke kūlana, antibiotics, nā detoxification agents, platelet a me ka erythrocyte mass, a me ke kaila o ke koko e ʻōlelo ʻia aku ai.ʻO ka hana ʻili manuHāʻawi i ka kinipona o ka puʻu i ka mea maʻi me nā ʻōpala o ke olakino olakino, ma hope e lilo ai i nā kūpuna o nā sela koko maʻamau.ʻO ke kūlana nui loa no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kala piha ʻana o ka maʻi. He mea nui ia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka ʻili o ka iwi mai nā hua blast.I mea e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka mea maʻi no ka hoʻokō ʻana,hana ʻia kahi lāʻau immunosuppressive kūikawā. Pono kēia e hoʻopau i nā cell leukemia a hoʻopaʻa i nā pale o ke kino e hōʻemi i ka hopena o ka hōʻole hou i ka hoʻololi.Nā maʻi hoʻohālikelike i ke kinipoli o ka iwi:• 'O ka hana kolohe i nā hana o loko kino• Nā maʻi huelo• ka pilina o ka maʻi leukemia, ʻaʻole i unuhi ʻia i ke kala ʻana• elemakuleWaiho i kahi noi ma kā mākou pūnaewele a e kamaʻilio mākou me kā mākou poʻe loea e kōkua iā ʻoe e koho i ke keʻena maikaʻi loa e like me kāu hihia.

ʻO ka mea mua e ʻike ʻia e ka poʻe maʻi a me nā wahine āpau e pili ana i ka umauma umauma (ʻoiai, me kahi ʻano o ka maʻi kanesa): i kēia lā ʻaʻole kēia i ka puʻupaʻa, ma mua o ka pae o ka maʻi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka lanakila ʻana o ka maʻi kanesa. A i loko o nā ʻehā hope aʻe, hiki i nā manawa ke hiki ke hakakā pono i ka maʻi maʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i ka hiki ʻana mai o nā ʻano hana hoʻohālike o kēia mau lā o ka maʻi (e ʻike i lalo).ʻO wai ka pilikia? ʻO ke kanesa o ka pēpē he neoplasm malignant e ulu ana ma kahi o hoʻokahi mau wahine. Hiki ke hoʻomau ʻia ka maʻi ʻōpū o nā pēpē i kekahi makahiki, akā ma hope o 65 mau makahiki o ka ʻehaʻoi ka ulu ʻana o 6 mau manawa ma mua o kēia makahiki. Ke hōʻike nei nā kānaka noiʻi i nā kumu e hiki mai ana o ka hoʻomohala ʻia o ka maʻi:1) hoʻoili kaumaha ʻoi: inā nā ʻohana, ʻoi loa ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka mākele, ua loaʻa ke maʻi o ka umauma, nā ʻōpū o ke ʻano wahine, a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe āpau, a laila hoʻi ka hopena o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka maʻi umauma umauma;2) ka hoʻomaka mua o nā menstruation (a hiki i 12 mau makahiki) a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka menopause (ma hope o 55 mau makahiki);3) infertility pae mua, ka hānau mua o ka hānau mua (ma hope o 30 mau makahiki), ka hemahema o ka lactation a i ʻole he manawa pōkole o ka umauma, postpartum mastitis;4) ke ola wahine;5) nā hōʻeha o ka kelepa mammary;6) ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka "platormonalpapa momona glm mamate ";7) pili momona;8) kani iho i ka thyroid;9) Hāʻawi hoʻokolohua hormone.Hoʻomaʻi o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo Breast Cancer Ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoi kahi ʻōpala i loko o nā kumulāʻau mumm i nā hapanui he nui i ʻike ʻia e ka wahine a me ka kāne paha, ʻo ia ka mea. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka lolo i ka hoʻokolohua ʻana e ka mea mammologist, gynecologist, hōʻeha loea, a i ʻole hōʻino ʻia ʻo ia ma ka hōʻike o kahi screening.ʻO nā mea hōʻailona e makaʻala:    i ka ʻokoʻa no ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana i ka umauma, hiki i ka wahine ke nānā i nā loli i ka nipple: ulceration, retraction, spotting from the nipple. He wā kēia e ʻike koke ai i ke kauka!     ma nā hope hope i kahi hōʻailonaulu nāwaliwali, nāwaliwali o ke olakino, ka pipi, ka puʻuwai koʻikoʻi o ka hanu, nā ʻeha o ka iwi e loaʻa.ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa helu umauma maʻi kila Hoʻolaha ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi pēpē i kekahi mau manawa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻekolu mau ʻano nui i kēia lā:ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau antitumor.Aia kekahi mau ʻano o ia ʻano ʻano, ʻo ia:* chemotherapy: ma kēia hihia, ua hana nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka luku ʻana i nā hua pā i loko;* ka hana hormone, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kāohi ana i ka hana hormonal o ke aʻa a me ke kino;* ka huli ʻana i ke ala ʻoi aku kahi ala hou, kahi ala e "hoʻopili ʻia ai" nā lāʻau ma ka hopena i kau ʻia ma nā ʻōpū a me nā hana maikaʻi loa i ke olakino.kanaka kikoʻī;* ʻO ka immunotherapy ke ala hou loa, kahi i kēia manawa i nā kolekoli nui o nā oncologists i kapa ʻia kekahi o nā ala e ʻoi loa a hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole. ʻO ka manaʻo nui o ka immunotherapy i ka hoʻonohonoho pilikino o nā nui o ka maʻi o ka maʻi o ka mea maʻi. Mahalo i kā lākou ʻenehana kūʻokoʻa, huli lākou i loko o kahi mea kaua ikaika e hiki ke hoʻomaopopo a hoʻopau pono i nā ʻāpana maʻi kanesa.Me kahi hōʻike maʻi o ke kano umauma, hoʻohana ʻia nā hana lapaʻau a me ka maʻi radiation.Waiho i kahi noi ma kā mākou pūnaewele a e kamaʻilio mākou me kā mākou poʻe loea e kōkua iā ʻoe e koho i ke keʻena maikaʻi loa e like me kāu hihia.

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi kīnā he ʻehā ka maʻi maʻamau i waena o nā kāne; i nā wahine, ʻaʻohe mea maʻamau. Ma ke kānāwai, he ulu palupalu ke ulu mālie, a hiki ke alualu maikaʻi ʻia me ka ʻole o nā hana nui. Eia kekahi, ma ka hapanui o nā maʻi palaka, ʻo ka hōʻemi o ka ulu ʻana o ke ʻano hanohano o ka nohona, he liʻiliʻi loa ia. ʻO ke ʻano loiloi a me nā hoʻokolohua maʻamau ka mea nui o ka kūleʻa o ka mālama ʻana.ʻO nā ʻōmaʻomaʻi maʻi pākī pale pāluaʻO ka hōʻailona maʻamau ka maʻi ʻakaʻi ʻoi aku ka nānā ʻana o ke koko i ka urine. ʻO kekahi manawa ke ʻike ʻia me ka maka ʻōhaka, akā maʻamau ka ʻike ʻia o nā pūnaʻu koko i ka wā ākeaurinalysis. Hiki ke hele ʻia ke ʻano o ke koko i ka urine me nā ʻano leʻaleʻa i ka wā o ka urination (ma ke ʻano like ʻole o ka "puhi"). Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka neʻe ʻana a me ka wikiwiki o ka maʻamau. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi, ua hala kekahi mau hōʻailona. No laila, inā he koko i loko o ka urine a i ʻole ke kauia i ka urination, e hoʻākāka koke ʻia. He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo e ʻike ʻole kēia mau hōʻailona i ka hele ʻana o kahi huki - hiki paha iā lākou ke hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā pōhaku, ka wā o ka urethra, hoʻonui ʻia i ka prostate, etc. I kekahi hihia, pono e hoʻoholo mua ʻia ke kumu o kēia mau ʻike.Peheae hōʻike ʻia ana i ka maʻi ʻapo?Inā ʻike ka koko i ka pā o ka pōʻai, pono ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi oʻa o ke koʻi. ʻO kēia maʻi ka kuleana o ka urology, no laila inā he ʻohana ʻohana ʻoe, pono ʻoe e kipa i ka urologist. Ma hope o ka wehewehe ʻana i ka mōʻaukala olakino a me ka nānā kino ʻana, pono ʻoe e hele ma waena o nā loiloi hou aku, ʻo ka pinepine ʻole e koi i ka hoʻokipa.I ka wā o ka cystoscopy, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi endoscope mānoanoa ma o ka urethra (urethra) i loko o ka ʻāpana. Me ia, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā pono i ka wahi o loko o ka lānai a nānā i ka maʻi ʻa a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i kekahi kiʻi mai ka paia.ka wele (biopsy). Hoʻopā ʻia ka hoʻokolohua e waiho ana ma lalo iho nei, ma lalo o ka nūnū kūloko, a ʻaʻole pono i ka hoʻokipa. Ma hope o ka cystoscopy, hiki i kahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa liʻiliʻi o ka wā o ka urination ke hiki, kahi e hala ma hope o hoʻokahi lā a i ʻole ʻelua. Inu ʻia ka nui o nā ʻano wai i kēia mau lā.ʻO CT urography kahi hoʻohālikelike tomography i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kahi o ke kikowaena e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ai i ke kino a komo koke i loko o ka urethra. Ma hope o kēia, hōʻike ka tomography hoʻopiʻi i ke ʻano o nā palaka, ureter a me nā ʻoka. Inā hele ka mea maʻi i ka maʻa a i ʻole ka lolo i nā lāʻau a iodine, pono e lawe ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā ma mua o ke kaʻina e pale ai i kahi ʻano maʻi. He mea nui ia e hoʻomaopopo he ultrasound a me ka tomography computeʻAʻole lawa nā keiki i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka wehewehe me ka hoʻohālikelike o nā kumu o ke koko i ka pūpū.Hoʻohana ʻia i ka maʻi kanesaʻO ka hana mua e hoʻoneʻe i ka ʻōpū. Hoʻouna ʻia ka mahele i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke kikowaena e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ke ʻano a me ka hohonu o kona komo i loko o ka paia o ka pā. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ke aʻeha (a i kona kaʻe ʻana paha) i ka wā o ka hoʻokipa ʻana. Hana ʻia ke kau inoa ma lalo o ka hana anesthesia e hoʻohana ana i kahi hana like-cystoscope i hoʻokomo ʻia ma o ka urethra (urethra), me ka hoʻouka ʻole a wehe i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. I ka nui o nā hihia, ma hope o ka haki ʻana o ka huaʻi ke kono ʻia ʻia o ka mea maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, i nā hihia e alakaʻi ai ka loloi ke kahe mau nei, e koi ʻia ai ka hana neʻe. Ma ke kānāwai, ke alualu ʻana i ke kinaki a alakaʻi i kahi hana o ke koko. I kekahi manawa ʻaʻole hiki i ka wehe piha ʻana o ka ʻōpū ma muli o kona nui a i ka hohonu o ka komo ʻana i loko o ka paia o ka pā. I kēlā mau hihia, e hoʻokō ʻia kahi biopsy e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ke ʻano a me ka hohonu o kona komo ʻana, ma hope o ke ʻano e hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe. Ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana, e waiho ʻia kahi catheter i loko o ka pōʻai ma ka urethra no kekahi mau lā i hiki ke hōʻola ke hōʻeha. I nā lā mua ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, hiki ke lulu iki mai ka lihilihi, kahi e ʻoki ai i ka ʻohi. A pau o ka lawe ʻana i ka cathetere ʻāwīwī ana i ka wela, a me ka ʻāʻī paha ke kolohe. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka pālohelohe ʻana, he lō ʻole kēia. I ka nui o nā hihia, hiki i ka mea maʻi ke hoʻi mai i ka home maʻamau e hana ana i nā lā 2-3 ma hope o ka hana. ʻO ka hoʻoholo e hoʻomau i ka mālama ʻana ma muli o nā hualoaʻa o ka hoʻokolohua histological (type type and penetration hohonu).ʻO ka lua o ka maʻi lapaʻau ke komo pū me nā koho ʻekolu.    ʻO ka pīpī superficial, ʻaʻole e komo i ka ʻoi aku ma mua o ka transit epithelium. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole pono ka mālama ʻana. ʻOiai i kēia wā, ʻike pinepine ʻia kēlā mau maʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi i nā makahiki mua ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana. No kēia kumu, koʻikoʻiPono e nānā pinepine ʻia i loko o kahi keʻena urological.     Ua kū ka ʻōpala ma mua o ka epitheli transitional, akā ʻaʻole i komo i ka ʻiʻo. I kēia hihia, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ka ʻaʻa superficial, akā makemake hou ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou. E like me ke kānāwai, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā lāʻau kūikawā i loko o ka wili. ʻO ka lāʻau maʻamau loa a i kapa ʻia ka inoa o BCG. ʻO kāna pahuhopu, ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pane ʻana mai o ke kaiāulu kūloko. Hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau cytotoxic e hoʻomake nei i nā maʻi kanesa. ʻO ke kumu o ka BCG a me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe e pale ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu ʻana ma hope o ka pau ʻana. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia mālama maʻi i nā hihia e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā tumors superficial.a i ʻole ka wikiwiki iki o ka huki ʻana i kekahi mau mahina ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau i hoʻokahi manawa i ka hebedoma ma kahi o ʻeono mau pule, i loko o kahi keʻena urological, e hoʻohana ana i kahi catheter anne i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ʻeha. Ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ua noi ʻia ka mea maʻi e hōʻole i ka ʻeha ʻana no nā hola ʻelua. Hiki i ka mea maʻi ke hōʻeha i kahi huhū ʻeha o ka urinating a me kahi manaʻo ʻole ʻole i loko o ka ʻōpū o lalo, akā naʻe, hiki koke lākou.     Ua komo ka ʻōpū i loko o ka ʻili, ka hohonu i loko o nā paia o ka pā. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole lawa ka wehe ʻana o ka ʻōpū ma o ka urethra. ʻO ka maʻamau, pono ʻoe e hoʻokaʻawale i ka papa ʻaina holoʻokoʻa ma muawehe i ka ʻōpū ʻōpū. ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka pale ʻana i nā pehu e hoʻopau pono i nā pehu maʻi mai ke kino ke ola hou.     Ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i ka pā ʻana, pono e hana ʻia kahi mea e ʻae ai iā ia i ka pīpī. Nui nā koho no nā hili hoʻohālikelike:    Hoʻokomo pū ka urine i loko o ka ʻeke i hoʻopili ʻia i ka paia o ka pūpū o ka ʻōpū.     Ke hana nei i kahi ʻeke urinary ʻē aʻe i loko o ke ana o ke kino (koi i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi catheter i mau manawa i ka lā i kahi e hoka ai i ka ʻāʻī o ka urine).     ʻO kahi ʻeke urinary ʻē aʻe i loko o ke ana o ke kino e hiki ai i ka urination maʻamau ma o ka urethra.LoaʻaAia paha ka ho'ōla holoʻokoʻa?Pane ka pane. ʻO ka hapanui o nā maʻi tumi he lehulē. ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ke kani kani ma o ka urethra (ma kekahi mau manawa me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka BCG i loko o ka ʻāpana) alakaʻi i kona nalowale piha ʻana. I ka manawa pinepine, ma hope o kekahi manawa, hele ke kuʻi, akā me ka hoʻokolokolo maʻamau, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi kahi a me ka wā kūleʻa ʻole ʻia. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hoʻokolika maʻi i ka urinalysis, cystoscopy a me ka tomography i hoʻoneʻaka ʻia o ka urethra. Ua hala aku ka manawa ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hopena hope loa, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi e pono ai ʻoe e nānā ʻia. He mea nui ia e hoʻomanaʻo e hoʻonui ka ulaula i kou hōʻeha.lohi o kahi kaʻi ʻā ʻana; No laila, inā e puhi ʻoe, e hāʻawi ʻoe i kēia ʻano ʻino.ʻO nā ʻākena e komo hou i loko o ka paia o ka pā i hiki ke hoʻōla maikaʻi ʻia me ke kōkua o kona ʻaihue. I ka nui o nā hihia, hiki ke hana hou i ka ʻili hou e hiki ai i ka urination maʻamau ma o ka urethra. Mahalo i kēia, ʻaʻole hiki i ka mea maʻi ke hoʻopakele hou, akā hoʻi ka hoʻi i ka hana maʻamau i ʻike ʻia e ia.Waiho i kahi noi ma kā mākou pūnaewele a e kamaʻilio mākou me kā mākou poʻe loea e kōkua iā ʻoe e koho i ke keʻena maikaʻi loa e like me kāu hihia.

I ka awelika, hoʻololi ʻana mai ka precancer i kahi maʻi maʻi kanesa e lawe ana i 2 a 15 mau makahiki. ʻO ka hoʻololi hou mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi a hiki i ka hopena hope loa he 1-2 mau makahiki.He maʻi hōʻeha kino ka maʻi huluhulu, ma muli o nā helu olakino ma waena o nā maʻi oncological e kū nei i ka moekolohe, loaʻa i ka wahi ʻehā (ma hope o ke kanesa o ka ʻōpū, ka ʻili a me nā kelepaʻi mommary).ʻO ke kumu o ke kanesa cervical nā maʻamau maʻamau e uhi ai i ka lopa. ʻOi aku ma mua o 600 tausani o kēia mau maʻi i ʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki.nā maʻi maʻi. ʻOiai ka maʻi maʻamau o ka maʻi cervical ma waena o nā makahiki 40-60 mau, akā naʻe, ʻo ka mea kaumaha, ua ulu a ʻōpiopio loa.Hoʻohui pū ka mālama ʻana o ke kanesa cervical a komo pū me ka hana ʻoihana, chemotherapy a me nā radiation radiation. I kēlā me kēia kūlana, ke kuhikuhi pono ʻia ka mālama ʻana i kēlā me kēia mea, i ka mea maʻi, nā maʻi concomitant, ke kūlana o ka ʻōpū, a me ka hele mai o nā maʻi maʻi i kēia manawa.I ka wā o ka ʻoihana ʻokiʻoki, hiki ke hoʻowalewale ʻia kahi kinaki me kahi hapa o ka lūlū, ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻōpū meʻo ka kuʻi, a i kekahi manawa me ka ʻōpū o ka iho. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka hana e ka wehe ʻana i nā nīnū lymph o nā pelvis (inā ua hoʻokele ʻia nā wahi maʻi kanesa.) Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka pilikia o ka wehe ʻana i ka ovarian (i ka manawa mua o ka maʻi ʻana i nā wahine ʻōpio, hiki ke mālama ʻia nā ovaries)Ma hope o ka wehe ʻana, inā pono, e kuhikuhi ʻia nā maʻi maʻi maʻi radiation. Hiki i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana me ka radiation ionizing ke hoʻokō i nā mālama lapaʻau, a hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻokoʻa. I ka mālamaʻana i ke kanesa cervical, hiki i ka chemotherapy, nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā e hoʻopau i ka uluʻana.a me ka mahele huakaʻi maʻi ʻaʻai. Eia naʻe, pau ka palena o nā chemotherapy no kēia maʻi.ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi hānai cervical i luna i ka makahiki o nā mea maʻi, ka pololei o ka koho ʻana i ka lāʻau, a, ʻo ka mea nui loa, ma ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi. Ke ʻike ʻia ka maʻi kanesa ma ka mua o ka wā mua, makemake ʻia ka prognosis a hiki ke hoʻomake ʻia ka maʻi e nā ʻoki hoʻoiho wale nō.Waiho i kahi noi ma kā mākou pūnaewele a e kamaʻilio mākou me kā mākou poʻe loea e kōkua iā ʻoe e koho i ke keʻena maikaʻi loa e like me kāu hihia.

ʻO ka Chemotherapy kahi hana mālama kuʻuna o ka maʻi maʻi me nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Hiki i ke chemotherapy kekahi o nā ʻāpana o nā hui hoʻohui a hiki ke hoʻohui pū me ka radiation radiation a i ʻole ke hōʻoki ʻana i ka maʻi o ka ʻaʻa. ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka chemotherapy hiki i ka luku piha ʻana i ka maʻi cancerous a me ka hoʻolohi ʻana i ka ulu a me ka hoʻouluulu ʻana i nā nui o nā maʻi maʻi. Ke lohi nei i ka ulu a hoʻonui hou i nā ʻāpana ke alakaʻi i kahi hoʻohaʻahaʻa o ka nui o ke koʻi a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ke ola o ka mea maʻi a, i kekahi mau manawa, hoʻonui i ka pono o ka wehe piha ʻana o ka ʻōpū.Noi aku no    Hoʻolāʻau maʻi     Ola ma ke ola

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi leukemia e hōʻoluʻolu i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi. ʻO ka Leukemia kekahi ʻano o ke kanesa e pā ana i nā pehu o ke koko i loko o ke kino. Hoʻomaka ka maʻi maʻamau i ka ʻoka o ka iwi, aia kahi hōʻemi ma ka pae kaulike o nā sela koko keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka maʻamau, hana i nā cell koko, hoʻomohala a make a make i kahi lumi no nā ʻāpana hou, a hoʻoopoʻe ʻia ka leukemia i kēia kaʻina hana.He lohi a maʻi leukemia a me nā manawa mua, hiki ke lōʻihi i nā makahiki he nui, ʻaʻole pono ke mālama. Aneane hiki ʻole ke hoʻōla i ka leukemia, akā hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā hōʻailona a hoʻopaʻa i ke kala ʻana me ke kōkua o chemo- a me radiotherapy, ke ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau, lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana aku i ka iwi. Me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka maʻi leukemia, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i nā lāʻau lāʻau a me nā mea laakai ʻole, ʻaʻohe hopena therapeutic.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano ala like ʻole e mālama i ka maʻi kanesa o ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole ka palupalu liʻiliʻi, i ʻike ʻia ʻia hoʻi ke ʻano o ka cancerectectal cancer, me ke ʻano o ka ʻōpū a me ke ʻano o ka maʻi. Hōʻike ʻia ke maʻi maʻi i ka wā e nānā ʻia ai ka waha o ka pili o nā pūpuna, kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻokaʻawale ʻo nā pilikia i kahi nalo.ʻO Chemotherapy, a i ʻole hoʻokalakupua ʻōnaehana, ke mālama ʻia i nā mahina he nui. Hiki i kekahi mau kemalolo ke hoʻolōʻihi a hoʻolōʻihi i ka ulu o nā cell cancer. Nā wā lawe i ka chemotherapy (mau papa),ke hoʻololi ʻia e ka pauna o nā hebedoma e hoʻihoʻi i ke kino.Kūlike me ka chemotherapy, hiki ke hoʻokola ʻia kahi lāʻau lapaʻau, ka mea e hiki ai i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hōʻake i nā ʻōpū kinipiki i ke ala i hāpai ʻia, a laila e hoʻohālike ʻia i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ke kino o ka mea maʻi.Hiki iā Radiotherapy iā ʻoe e luku i nā wahī maʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻike radiation dosed a ma luna.Aia ka hoʻolālā a me ka lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻana i ka pae o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi mau a me ka olakino maʻamau o ka mea maʻi.Noi aku no    ʻĀmaʻi kolu     ʻAno maʻi kala     ʻAno maʻi kala

nullpili ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka radiation hana e pili ana i ka hana. Koho ʻia ka koho o ke ala alakaʻi o ke kaʻina e ka nui a me kahi o ka haki, nā kūlana a ka mea maʻi a me nā maʻi concomitant.Me ka puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi nāna e hōʻola i ka mucosa, ʻo nā mucosa wale nō me ke kumu lalo e noho ana me kahi gastroscope, a he maikaʻi loa nā hopena lapaʻau.I ke kahua o I - II o ke kanesa, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi hapa o ka esophagus, ua hoʻopiha ʻia ka ʻōpū i kahi māhele o ka ʻōpū a i ʻole kime mai ka ʻōpū. Hiki i kēia lā ke hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohana endoscopic no kēia mau hana.Me ka hoʻolaha o ke kaʻe i loko o ka wahī o ka ʻiʻo a me ka ʻoi aʻe, ua hana ʻia kekahi hana, akā ʻo kēianullʻO kekahi manawa lawe ʻia ka chemoradiotherapy me ka lawa ʻole o ka lāʻau radical. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka Chemotherapy inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia, ʻo ka wā nui ka pālaki, a i ʻole ia me kahi ʻōpoki liʻiliʻi, akā naʻe, me nā maʻi maʻamau no ka hana. I kēia koho ʻohiʻuku, hoʻohālikelike ka ola me ko ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi. Ma mua o nā fistulas, ʻaʻole hiki i ka chemoradiotherapy. Hiki ke paʻakikī paha ka maʻi kemo e nā maʻi kūlohelohe o ka membrane o ka esophagus, e koi ai i kahi pāʻina ma o kahi dropper.Waiho i kahi noi ma kā mākou pūnaewele a e kamaʻilio mākou me kā mākou poʻe loea e kōkua iā ʻoe e koho i ke keʻena maikaʻi loa e like me kāu hihia.

Nā neoplasms malignant o ka ʻōpala. ʻO ka maʻi ka maʻi i loko o kahi maʻi i loaʻa pinepine ʻole, ʻo ka manawa pinepine ʻo nā wahine he 50 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha.Hoʻomaʻi o nā ʻōhua o ka palakiNā hōʻike hōʻike nui e pili ana i ka nausea a me ka luaʻi, ka laiki aʻeha hoʻi, ʻeha ma ke kolu o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, keʻala, keʻala, ka ʻōpū o ke kino, hōʻemi ʻia ka momona, ka ʻūhū ʻana, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻōpū ma loko o ka ʻōpū. Ma ke kānāwai, i nā hoʻomaka mua o ka maʻi, ʻaʻohe maʻi o ka mea maʻi, ka mea e hōʻemi nui nei i nā manawa o ka mea maʻihoʻōla.Hoʻomāliʻi ʻana o ka maʻi paleka o ka loloKe lawe ʻia nei kahi helu o ka hoʻopaʻa noiʻi ʻana a me nā mea noiʻi: kahi hōʻike koko ākea, ka nānā ʻana i ke koko, he x-hihi o nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, kahi hopena hoʻonaninani o nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, ka transretmal transhepatic cholangiography, he biopsy o ka ʻōpala me ka nānā aku a me ka hīnaʻi histological o nā hoʻohālike o nā kopa pili.Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi ʻo GallbladderʻO ka mālama ʻia ʻana o kēia maʻi, e like me ka hapa nui o nā neoplasms malignant, e hana ana i ka wehe ʻana o ka ʻōpū a me ka hana conservative. ʻO ke ala mālama maʻi maʻamau, ʻo ka cholecystectomy ka mea kaulana loa. I kēia lā, ua hana ia ma kahi ʻano maʻalahi.- kaʻina laparoscopic. I ka wā o ka mālama paʻakikī, hoʻohana ʻia ka radiation radiation a me ka chemotherapy, a ua ʻōlelo pū ʻia nā mea maʻi e hoʻomākaukau ʻia ai nā radiosensitizer e loaʻa ana i nā hana ikaika e hoʻonui ai i ka ʻike ʻana i nā cell atypical i kekahi mau ʻano o ka radiation.ʻVentionlelo Hana Kūpono ʻO GallbladderʻAʻole kaʻina hana maʻamau i ka pale ʻana o kēia pathology. ʻO nā loiloi holoʻokoʻa ka maʻamau: ʻo ka maʻamau o ke kaupaona ʻana, nā meaʻai kūpono, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka nui o nā meaʻai o nā holoholona mai a me ka hoʻonui ʻana aʻe i ka ʻai o nā mea kanu a me nā hua. Hoʻohana ʻia nō hoʻi e haʻalele i nā hana ʻino, hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine a hoʻāhu i ke kino.

nullhuehue nā maʻi āpau āpau i hoʻohālikelike ʻia, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ultrasound hoʻolālā me ka paʻa ʻole o kekahi mau hōʻailona.ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka maʻi nui i kēia manawa.    1. Kipi ma ke kaomi (hematuria). Mahalo paha kona helehelena a kamaʻilio.     2. ʻO ka ʻeha ma ke kua a i lalo: ʻo kēia mau hoʻopiʻi e pili ana me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o kahi maʻi i nā ʻanaka kokoke a i ʻole ka pale ʻana i ka ureter.     3. Compaction ma loko o ka ʻōpū (palpation palpates a tumor).     4. ʻO ke hoʻonui ʻana o ke ea a me ke koko (ʻo ka hopena paha i lilo ʻia ma ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o nā ʻāpana a i ʻole ka hana ʻana o kahi pū renin).5. Varicocele.     6. ʻO ka hoʻolilo nui ʻana, nāwaliwali laulā, nā anemia, ka momona o ka pō, a me ka luhi nui.ʻO ka mea pōʻino loa, ʻaʻole koke i ʻike koke ʻia nā hōʻailona o ke kanesa o ka maʻi o ke keiki, ke hele nei ka maʻi ma kahi ʻano asymptomatic no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui loa ia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kahi loiloi pale pale maʻamau, e hana i kahi scan ultrasound a lawe i kahi hoʻokahe koko a me ka hoʻēmi.ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka loloMa ka maʻi ona o ke kanesa maʻi ʻoi aku kahi ʻano o nā ʻanoʻokoʻa like ʻole, ka mea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻokumu i ka maʻi kūpono me ka nui o ka pololei.   1. ʻO ke ala hopena kūpono loa ʻo ka hopena ka ultrasound.    2. ʻO ke kelepona gula no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi paleka ke kamepiulatomography me ka ʻokoʻa. Hāʻawi ke Tomography i ka kiko piha piha i ke kūlana o ke ʻano o ka hakahaka, kona nui, ke kahua lapaʻau a me ka ulu ulu ʻana i nā kino kokoke.   3. Hōʻike ka urinalysis i ka heleʻana o kahi haumia o ke koko i ka iomi.   4. Hiki i kahi hōʻike koko ke hōʻike iā ʻoe i nā hōʻailona maʻamau ʻole o ka maʻi: anemia, i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka alkatine phosphatase, urea i loko o ke koko, etc.   5. ʻO ka MRI no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā maʻi o ka pēpē i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma mua o CT, ʻo ka hōʻailona nui no ka hana MRI he contraindication o ka hana ʻana i ka CT.   6. Hana ʻia kahi biopsy o nā tumors kidney e hōʻoia i ka maʻi ʻana.a ka hoʻoholo i nā hana hoʻomau hou aʻe. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, i kekahi mau hihia, kahi mea nāna kahi biopsy o ka pale o ka laʻa i loko o kahi meaʻinoʻole, no kēia kumu ke hana pinepine nei kēia noiʻi.  7. E hoʻoholo i nā metastases i loko o nā māmā a me nā iwi o ke iwi, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka umauma x-ray a me ka osteoscintigraphy.  8. Renal angiography - he ʻike ma ke ʻano he X-ray me kahi ʻaelike kūlike.Hoʻokumu i nā mea i hōʻike ʻia o ke kano o ka maʻi o ke keiki, ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi a me nā hopena o nā hoʻokele mua, ua koho ke kauka i kekahi mau ala no ka huli ʻana i ka maʻi palaka e hoʻohuli i ke kiʻi ʻoi loa.Nā ʻōpū o ka maʻi kanesaAia he 4 mau wāwae o ka maʻi palu e like me nā ʻanonulla i ʻole ka peʻa e pālaʻi i ka renal vein / vena cava.     4. ʻO ka pūpū o ka maʻi pālolo māmā 4. Hoʻokomo ke kōkiki i kahi kapa kopa.ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i kaʻeha o ka maʻi lāHoʻokumu ʻia ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi pēpē i kekahi mau hana i ʻāpono ʻia e hoʻohana ʻia ai a ʻelua paha. ʻO ke kauka hele e kau nei, e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke kuʻi ʻana, ke ʻano o ke kino o ka maʻi o ka mea maʻi ʻO ka ala e ʻoi loa ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi palupalu ma ka hana ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaila. ʻO ka nephrectomy radical ka hoʻopau piha ʻana o ka male i hoʻopili ʻia, ka laulima me nā kikoʻene e pili ana i ka perirenal, nā lymph node, a me kekahi manawakelepona adrenal. Inā ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o ke kōpana ma mua o 7 cm, ua hana ʻia kahi mahele ʻāpana. Me ka moʻoʻōlelo maʻamau, kahi e hoʻoneʻe ai i ka ʻili a i ʻole kona haʻalele ʻana e hana ʻia ma o kahi incision nui, aia kekahi laparoscopic. Ma kēia hihia, lawe ʻia a hoʻoulu ʻia paha ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū ma o nā hōʻiliʻili liʻiliʻi (2 cm). Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka mea maʻi. ʻO kahi hoʻohana hou ʻia no nā tumors kidney he cryoablation. ʻO ka hiʻona o ke ʻano ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ke kao me ke kōkua o ke ʻoniʻoni kūikawā i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kao. Tumori hoʻohuli ʻia ka hoʻokele a me ka lawe ʻana, kahi mea i hiki ai i ka make ʻana o nā ʻoi huelo. ʻO kēia ala ka mea ʻoi loa ka traumatic no ka mea maʻi a hōʻike ʻia i ka wā ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻola, nā ʻōpala o nā aʻalua a me ke ʻano o ke keiki hoʻokahi. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau (chemotherapy, hormone therapy a i ole immunotherapy) inā ua ʻike ʻia ka maʻi kiki mua o ka maʻi (stage 4), i ka wā ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻola.Hōʻalo Pōmaʻomaʻi o PiʻiNo ka pale ʻana i ka palaka olakino, he mea nui ia e haʻalele i ka ulaula, ka hoʻomalu i ka paona a me ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai me ke kūpaʻa (me ka nui o nā hua a me nā mea kanu). Pēlā, ʻo ke ola kino o ke ala nui ke pale i kēia maʻi.

nullka nui o ka pohō i ka larynx. ʻO ka mālamakani o ka leo kahi hōʻailona mua i ka wā e loaʻa ai ka carcinoma i nā lola leo, akā ʻike ʻia i nā hanana hope loa i ke kālele ʻia ma nā ʻāpana supraclad a me nā subclad. ʻO nā maʻi me ka maʻi haʻahaʻa sublingual e loaʻa i ke alapine ala a me ka hoarseness kahi hōʻailona maʻamau i nā hanana hope aʻe. ʻO nā maʻi me ka maʻi over-ligamentous pinepine i ka dysphagia; ʻo nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻē aʻe o kēia maʻi ke ālai ʻia i nā ala o ke ala, otalgia, ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻāʻī i ka ʻāʻī, leo leo leo. ʻO nā mea maʻi me kēia mau ʻōlapa e pono koke e ʻohi no ka laryngoscopy kūhelu.Nā huapauLaryngoscopyHoʻokomo ʻia ka Endoscopy mau anullnullʻO ka ʻae a me ka maʻi radiation Endoscopic, me ke ʻano he kānāwai, e ʻae iā ʻoe e mālama i ka leo o nā mea maʻi. Hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ke kano laryngeal i nā manawa mua o ka hōʻeha a me ka neʻe ʻana i ka radiation, e like me ke ʻano, e hilinaʻi ana i nā makemake o nā kauka o ke keʻena a me ka mea maʻi.I nā kaʻina hope o nā carcinoma lipoli, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia a komo i loko o ke kaʻina o ka ʻōlelo; hōʻike ʻia nā maʻi maʻi chemotherapy a radiation therapy. Inā pālahalaha ke kīlea o ka mea maʻi ma waho o ka larynx a i komo i ka cartilage, hāʻawi ka laryngectomy i nā hopena oncological maikaʻi loa; ʻO ka laryngectomy ka laulā pinepine, akā i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻonaʻO ka wehe ʻana o ka laser endoskopika o ke kahe a wehe paha i kahi laryngectomy ʻāpana. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka laryngectomy i nā kūlana paʻakikī e hoʻopakele i ka mea maʻi; Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi manawa i loko o ia mau kūlana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka endoskopika a wehe paha i ka laryngectomy i ʻāpana.I ka hoʻomaka mua o ka carcinoma o ka lacn supraclavicular, radiation therapy a i ʻole partial o larynx ma hope. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana laser i nā manawa mua o nā pūkaha cellamous cell ua hōʻike i nā hopena maikaʻi loa. Inā hoʻomau ka carcinoma, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia i nā kaula leo maoli, a laila hiki ke hana ʻia kahi laryngectomy a partial e mālama ai i ka leo asphincter o glottis. Inā loaʻa i ka mea maʻi nā kaula kuhi, laryngectomy ma luna o ka cartilage cricoid a i ʻole laryngectomy holoʻokoʻa, inā hoʻoholo ia e hana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. E like me ka laryngocarcinoma, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā neʻe o ka nui o ka pelace ligament superficial i mālama mua ʻia me ka chemotherapy a me radiation radiation. He wahi lūlū waiwai ka waiwai me ka ʻāina, no laila, pono e hāʻawi ʻia i ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī i loko o nā maʻi āpau me ke kanesa ligamentous.Me nā carcinoma o ka pharynx haʻahaʻa, ʻo ka hopena e like me ka maʻi maʻi o ka larynx. I ka wā mua, hana ʻia ka ʻeha me ka mālama waleradiation radiation, a i ka endoscopic resection ma ke koho hou aku. Eia naʻe, ma ka hapanui o nā maʻi me ka maʻi subaryngeal, pili ka holomua me ka ʻano asymptomatic o ka maʻi a me ka pālahalaha pinepine ʻana ma o ka lymphatic system; e hoʻomanawanui ʻia nā mea maʻi me ka chemotherapy a me radiation radiation, a hiki koke - e like me nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi.HoʻālaHiki ke koi ʻia ke hoʻoponopono hou ʻia ma hope o kekahi ʻano hana. ʻO ka maʻamau, kū mai nā pilikia koʻikoʻi me ke kaʻina o ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai ma hope o ka chemotherapy a i ʻole ka radiation radiation, ʻo ia e koi ai i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka esophagus, i nā hihia koʻikoʻi, plastik o ka pharynx a i ʻole ka noi ʻana o kahi gastrostomy. I ka wā o ka hoʻokelehiki ke hōʻiliʻili paha ka hoʻolilo ʻia i ke kaʻina lawaiʻa, a pono ʻia paha ka lāʻau lapaʻau, me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā ala neʻe.Ma ka ʻokoʻa, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, e pili pono i ka ʻōlelo ʻōlelo. Ma hope o ka laryngectomy piha, pono i ka mea maʻi e hoʻokumu i kahi leo hou e:    Leo ka leo Esophageal    Puncture kaʻoxophageal tracheal    Eʻokiʻaka (electropharynx)Me nā ʻano ʻekolu ʻekolu, ua haku ʻia ka ʻōlelo me ka komo ʻana o ka pharynx, palate palapalā, ʻ tonguelelo, nā niho a me nā lehelehe.ʻO ke kumu no ke hoʻokumu ʻana i ka “esophageal leo” (pseudo-leo) ʻo ka hana ʻana o kahi puʻupuʻu pseudo-leo i ka esophagus a me kona hoʻomohala ʻanapani paʻa.Me ka fistula tracheoesophageal, ua kau ʻia kahi valve ma waena o ka trachea a me ka esophagus e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka phonation. Kōkua ka pahū i ka hamo i ka lewa i ka esophagus i ka wā o ka hana 'ōlelo. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka poʻe maʻi i ka hōʻola kino ʻana, nā papa aʻo i nā loina e ʻōlelo ai, ua aʻo ʻia lākou i nā lula no ka mālama ʻana i nā fistula, a ua hōʻike ʻia nā maʻi āpau e pili ana i ka paʻakikī o ka makemake o ka meaʻai a me ka wai.ʻO ka larynx uila ka mana uila i loaʻa ma luna o ka ʻāʻī. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoluʻolu a hoʻokumu ʻia e ka stigma i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai no nā maʻi he nui, he maʻalahi ke kaomi a ʻaʻole pono i ke aʻo kūikawā.

He maʻi maʻi nui ka maʻi maʻi me ka maʻi kiʻekiʻe. Ma hope o ka puka ʻana o kahi neoplasm, hiki mai kahi hopena momona ma hope o kekahi mau mahina. Hiki i ka Oncology nā puʻuwai ma nā leʻaleʻa a me nā molilolo paha. Hāʻawi ka upona i ka proliferation wikiwiki a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o metastases, a me kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa no ka mālama. I ka wā o ka maʻi, ua hoʻokū ʻia ka pae o ka maʻi. ʻEhā ʻāpana huina, helu ko ka papa inoa i nā hiʻohiʻona morphological, wahi a me ke ʻano o ka hōʻino.ʻO ka mea (I). Hiki i ka ʻōpū ke like o nā ʻokoʻa like, akā aia i loko o ke kino, ʻaʻohe hua hōʻiliʻili o nā moku, nā lepa limu a me nāNā kino ʻē aʻe. Ke hana nei ka hana. I kekahi manawa, ʻo nā hōʻailona mua o ka wī o ka puhaka o ka palu, nā nawaliwali, hoʻemi i ka hana a me ka hōʻeha ma ka piko o ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau. Ma hope o kekahi mau pule, he piʻi e ulu ana ka nui o ka ate ma ka nui.Ka lua (II). Hoʻonui ka hāhā i 5 cm ka lōʻihi, aʻo ka ʻōpū a me ke ʻū a hōʻeha paha i loko o ka ʻōpū i hoʻohui ʻia i nā hōʻailona i noho ʻia. I ka wā mua, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻeha kaumaha i ka wā o ka hoʻāli kino kino, a laila e lilo i mea ikaika a paʻa mau. I ka papa ʻelua, aia nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana, e like me ka leʻaleʻa, ke aho, ka lua,huʻi, huʻi. Hoʻomaka ka mea maʻi e emi wikiwiki i ka paona.Ekolu (III). Ke ulu nui nei ka ulu palupalu, kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻokalakupua o nā cell pathological. ʻIke pinepine ʻia ke kanesa ma kēia pae ma muli o ka ʻike ʻia o nā maʻi i ʻōlelo ʻia.ʻEkolu mau hoʻohalike o ka maʻi:    IIIa. Hāʻalo ka tumā i nā lehele o ka ate a nui i ka nui. Hōʻike ka hoʻonāukiuki i nā veins nui, akā ʻaʻohe hoʻolaha ʻia i nā kola mamao a me nā nūlā lymph.    IIIb. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka uhi ʻana o nā wahī kolo me nā ʻōpū o nā ʻōpū lelo a me ka membrane waho o ka ate. Ma ke kaʻina hanaka pili pono ʻole i ka wī.    IIIc. Hoʻopilikia hou ka puʻuwai a me nā mea hou aʻe, e pālahalaha ana i nā lymph nodes. Ua nele ka hana o ke kō, i pili i ka mokuʻāina. Hoʻokumu ka mea maʻi i ka edema, icteric tone ka peʻe, spider veins, ascites, a me kahi manaʻo o ka piha piha o ka ʻōpū. Hoʻopau ka hana a nā kīpiha endocrine a piʻi ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kino. ʻO ke kaumaha koʻikoʻi ka paona e hoʻopili ai i kahi koi o nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka hōʻemi o ka elasticity o ka ʻili. Hele ka ʻeha a paʻa mau. I kēia manawa, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka ihu a me ka puʻu intra-abdominal.    Uii (IV). Manaʻo ʻia ke ʻano maʻi kōpona 4kaʻina hoʻohuli. ʻO nā metastases me nā lymph a me ke kahe koko e hohola a puni ana o ke kino, e hoʻomāloe hou ana i nā hana o nā huina a me nā ʻōnaehana. ʻElua mau papa o ka hōʻemi o ke akeʻa o ka ʻōpū o ka makahiki 4.    IVA Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pōʻino o ke kino holoʻokoʻa, ulu ka ʻōpala i nā ʻaoʻao a puni. I nā wahi mamao, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā metastases.     IVB. Hoʻopilikia nā mea āpau a me nā ʻōnaehana āpau e nā cell lignant. Nui nā neoplasms o nā kāʻei like ʻole. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke kōpaʻa 4 māhā me nā metastases e ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana o nā veins i ke kino, constipation, ʻeha hōʻeha nui, ʻeha ʻana o ka psychoemotional, ke ʻano wikiwiki, nā wīwī nui.kaumaha, hoʻonui i ka ʻōpū i ka nui. Inā ʻoe e nānā i nā kiʻi o nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi ʻeka o ka lewa 4, ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka ʻili o ka ʻili, ka ʻilihune maʻi ʻole me nā iwi pale a me ka hōʻino nui ʻana i ke kino.Mālama maikaʻi aku ʻo Oncology iā ia iho i ka mālama ʻana i nā hana mua ʻelua, a laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻola hou. Hiki i nā Oncologists ke kuhikuhi wale i ka mālama maʻi hōʻailona e hōʻoluʻolu i ke kūlana a hōʻoluʻolu i ka ʻeha nui.I ka nīnau ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ko lākou noho ʻana me ke kanesa māmā 4 pane, ʻaʻohe pane hoʻokahi. E hilinaʻi nā mea āpau i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pōʻino a me ka hopena o ka mea maʻi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.HoʻomaʻamaʻaʻO ka mea maʻi a me kāna mau lā e noho mau anahopohopo inā ua mālama ʻia ka maʻi kanesa? Hiki ke pane ʻia i kēia nīnau e ke kauka hele mai, nona ka ʻike e pili ana i nā hopena o nā hoʻokolohua a me nā hoʻokolohua diagnostic. I ke koho ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā lapaʻau no ka maʻi maʻi o ka palu, nui ia   - ka nui ʻaila;    - ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana;    - ka helu o ka hōʻino;    - ka hana ʻōkuhi;    - ka heleʻana o nā metastases;    - ke kūlana maʻamau o ka mea maʻi.Hoʻohana ʻia nā kuhikuhi e pili ana i ka hoʻolōʻihi i ka ulu ʻana o kahi pīpī, ʻo ia ka hoihoʻi ʻana a hoʻonui i ka pono ola i loko o ka ate oncology.    ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau.I ka mea maʻiUa kuhikuhi ʻia ʻo Nexavar a me Sorafenib, nā mea ola e loaʻa ai nā hopena ʻona i nā pona e pili ana. Mahalo i ka hopena i kau ʻia ma ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana, ʻaʻole hōʻino nā kino olakino. ʻAʻole kōkua ke chemotherapy kuapo i ka maʻi kanesa.Pākuʻi maʻi māmā.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hihi x-mau i nā pale nui e kōkua i ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana i ke aʻa, hōʻemi i ka ʻeha a hoʻoneʻe i ka maʻi i ke kala ʻana. He kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i ka oncology i kēlā me kēia manawa.    ApuuʻO kēia ala ʻo ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā neoplasm ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ethanol i loko o ka huki, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka radiation microwave, nā leki uila ikaika, a me ka cryodestruction. Hana ʻia ʻole me ka hana ʻolema ka mōʻī me ka oncology kahi hopena maikaʻi inā ʻo ka wili o ke aniani ka liʻiliʻi ma lalo o 3 cm.    Hoʻopauʻana iā Vascular.Ma muli o ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā i loko o nā moku o ka puʻuwai, ua paʻa ke komo i ke koko i ka neoplasm, no laila e hōʻemi ana i kona nui. He hopena maikaʻi ke ala i nā huki me ka lapalapa a hiki i ka 5 cm ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohui pū me ka ablation, chemotherapy a me radiation radiation.Hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia ka maʻi paleka kō me nā ʻoihana? I ka nui o nā hihia, hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ka wā e hiki mai ana me ka hilinaʻi. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka Tumor a i ka hoʻololi ʻana paha i ka naʻau ka nui o ka manawa o ka mea maʻikala kala lōʻihi. ʻO nā kūlana no ka lilo ʻana o ka hōʻoki ʻana ke kāpili, ka metastases kū hoʻokahi a me ka ʻike ʻole ʻana o nā maʻi oncological ma waho o ke ake. Pehea e mālama ai i ka maʻi kanesa inā ʻaʻole ʻoi ka maʻi? Ma kēia hihia, ua hōʻike pono ʻia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā cytostatics i nā kīʻaha nui o ke akeʻa a me nā hoʻohana o nā ala invasive invasive o luna.Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻaʻohe ʻōmaʻomaʻi weliweli no ka maʻi ʻoukū, akā pono ʻoe e hoʻomau i ka hoʻōla. I ka manawa e mālama ʻia ana ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi maʻa, ma ka hapa nui, pane maikaʻi ke oncologists. I loko o kā mākou keʻena lāʻau, kahi hui aloha o nā kauka me nā helu lapaʻau kiʻekiʻe loa a me nā inoa ʻepekema kōkua e loaʻa ai ke olakino.

ʻO ka maʻi maʻamau o kēia lā kekahi o nā mea maʻamau o nā neoplasms malignant. I ka awelika, he 40 mau maʻi maʻi ʻeha ma mua o ka 100 mau kānaka i ka honua, ʻoi aku, loaʻa ke kāne i ka maʻi i ka manawa he 10 mau manawa ma mua o nā wāhine, a ʻo ka nui o nā kupa o nā kūlanakauhale i nā āpau a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lehulehu. Eia naʻe, he lāʻau lapaʻau ikaika ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou no ka mālama ʻana i kēia ʻano o ka oncology: me ke komo pono ʻana o ke kōkua, e hiki wale nō ke kaohi ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi, akā e hoʻopoina hoʻi no ia mau loa.ʻO ka maʻi maʻimaʻi o ka maʻi: ka maʻi ʻona a me ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka mālama ʻanaMa kahi o 5 miliona mau kānaka e make ana i ka maʻi kanesa o kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ka honua. ʻO kēia ʻano maʻi maʻi ka mea e kapa ʻia ʻo carcinoma bronchogenic, a i ʻole ʻo bronchogenic cancer. Hoʻokumu ke kumumanaʻe mai ka epithelium integumentary o ka membrane mucous o ka bronchi, alveoli a me ka epithelium o nā kihi bronchial. ʻOiai nō ka maopopo o ka etiology o ka maʻi, ʻaʻole maopopo, ʻo nā kumu nui o kona hanana i ka: powa; ka ʻike ʻana i ka leona a me kekahi mau carcinogens (ʻo ka paina asbestos ka mea weliweli loa no nā māmā); kekahi mau ʻino; hoʻonui nui ʻana o nā lepo lepo i ka lewa. ʻO pathogenesis o ka pūnāwai māmā ma lunanullnullpūpū.Hōʻikeia ke kahua o ka māmā o ka pūpū 1 ​​e kahi ulu a hiki i ka nui o 3 cm, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka metastasize. Aia ka neoplasm i hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao o ka pūpū a i ʻole paha i loko o kahi bronchus māhele.Wāwae 2 - kahi wili a hiki i 6 cm aia i hoʻokahi ʻāpana o ka pūpū a i ʻole hoʻi i loko o ka bronchus segmental. ʻO nā metastases hoʻokahi i nā lymph lymph pulchary a me bronchopulmonary i ʻike ʻia.Wāwae 3 - kahi hana kaʻi ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 6 cm me kahi ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi kahe o ka pūpū a i ʻole ka hōʻoki ʻia ʻana o kahi bronchus pili a i ʻole bronchus koʻikoʻi. ʻIke ʻia nā metastases ma ka bifurcation, tracheobronchial, natrymal lymph node.4Hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi kaulike o ka pūliki o ka pūpū e nā metastases i nā ʻōnaehana mamao a me nā kino, komo a pleurisy a / a i ʻole pericarditis e komo. Hoʻopili wale ʻia kēia pae lima no ka carcinoma cell cellamous wale nō. Ma ka hihia o ke kanesa maʻi liʻiliʻi, e ulu koke ka ulu ʻana, 2 wale nō kūʻokoʻa nā hiʻohiʻona 2. ʻO ka mea mua - kahi palena ʻawale ʻia - ka ukali ʻia e ka hoʻokalakupua o nā mea maʻi pathogenic i loko o hoʻokahi pūpū a me nā ʻaoʻao kokoke. I ka lua o ka hana, ke kūpaʻa nei ke kiko i ka wahi ma waho o ka pūpū a i nā mea mamao mamao.Nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi lepoʻO ka maʻi maikaʻi loa o ka oncology pulmonary he mea nui loa ia, no ka mea, ke koho nei ke koho o nā ʻano lāʻau kūpono ma laila. ʻO nā kumu nuiintervenical bed, chemo a me ka radiation therapy. Mahalo i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻenehana o kēia mau ʻoihana, ke lilo nei kēia mau hoʻokele i kahi palekana hou a maikaʻi.1. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka carcinoma cell cellamous. I ka wā o ka hana, neʻe aku i ka tumi āpau āpau a i ʻole kāna ʻokoʻa hoʻokaʻawale. Aia ka nui o ke kiko i lawe ʻia i ke ʻano o ke aʻa a me kona wahi. ʻO ka mana o kēia manawa i ka mālamaʻana i nā maʻi palukā o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻina minimally invasive, ka mea i hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana wikiō miniature. Ua kapa ʻia ke ʻano o ke ʻano he Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS). Kēia mau hana me ka eha i haʻi ʻia, a me ke kaʻina hana hou ma hope o lākou e wikiwiki wikiwiki.2. Chemotherapy- Ke kōkua nui loa no ka hapa nui o nā maʻi me ka maʻi palia. ʻO kāna kumu waiwai e lawe ana i ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e luku ai i nā ʻoihana kanesa.3. Kaukaʻi (hopena) kauka no ke kanesa o ka maʻi māmā. Ke hoʻomaopopo nei i kēlā mau lāʻau i nā cell malignant ma o lākou mau ʻano kikoʻī a hōʻino iā lākou, e pili ana i nā hana koʻikoʻi (ulu, māhele). Eia kekahi, hoʻonāukiuki i kēlā mau lāʻau i ka loaʻa o ke koko i ka pā. Hiki i ke koho (hiki i ke ʻano) ke kuhikuhi i ke kaʻina mālama kūʻokoʻa a i ʻole me ka hui pū ʻana me ka chemotherapy i hiki ai ke hoʻonui i ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana.4. ʻO ke ʻano maʻi immunological ma ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi paleka o ka pūliki he ʻano hoʻoikaika a kūlou hoʻi i lokooncology noʻonoʻo. Hāʻawi ʻia ia ʻano hana iā ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho i nā pūpū o kou ʻano pale kino kū'ē i nā cell cancer a "pākaʻi" hoʻopilikia wale ʻia i nā ʻōpū aʻokiʻoki.5. Radiotherapy. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike o ka maʻi ʻoi me kahi beam ikaika o nā hihi gamma, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka mea i make nā mea maʻi i ke kanesa (hoʻopau lākou i ka ulu a hoʻoulu). Lawe ʻia e ka mamao mamao a i ʻole ka lāʻau kiʻekiʻe. Me ka mālama maʻi radical e pili ana i ke kūloko, a me nā wahi o ke metastasis kūloko i ka radiation. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau radioladi no ka nui o ka maʻi kanesa liʻiliʻi.Waiho i kahi noi ma kā mākou pūnaewele a e kamaʻilio mākou me kā mākou poʻe loea e kōkua iā ʻoe e koho i ke keʻena maikaʻi loa e like me kāu hihia.

Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea maʻi i kahi maʻi maʻi a nānā ʻia, ua haʻi ʻia no ke kūkākūkā oncological. He kamaʻilio kēia me kahi kauka kahi e kūkā ai kahi hoʻolālā lapaʻau.Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea maʻi i kahi maʻi maʻi a nānā ʻia, ua haʻi ʻia no ke kūkākūkā oncological. He kamaʻilio kēia me kahi kauka kahi e kūkā ai kahi hoʻolālā lapaʻau. Pono ka mea akamai loea. E haʻi aku ʻo ia iā ʻoe i nā mea āpau e pono ai e ʻike no kou maʻi a me kona ʻano. ʻO ka lōʻihi, nā hopena ʻaoʻao, nā hopena i manaʻo ʻia, a me kāu mau hana ʻoi aku. He kūlohelohe, hiki iā ʻoe ke nīnau i ka oncologist i kāu mau nīnau āpau.I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, e ʻōlelo pū ʻoe me kāu oncologist, nāna e mālama i ka holomua o ka ʻoihana.Noi aku no    ʻAno kanesa

nullhōʻike iā lākou iho i nā hoʻomaka mua o ka maʻi (me ka ʻokoʻa o ka stromal).ʻO nā mea koʻikoʻi ke ʻano:     nā makahiki holomua - e like me ke kānāwai, ulu ka maʻi i loko o nā wahine ma hope o ka menopause, ʻo 50 ka 60 a 60 makahiki (8 mai 10 mau hihia);      nā wahine me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kāne kāne (a hiki i ka 12 mau makahiki) a i ka hopena menopause (ma hope o 52 mau makahiki);      ulaula      ʻopi momona      ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka infertility a me ke hoʻololi ʻana i ka lāʻau;      Polycystic;      endometriosis (ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa abnormal o ka lula o loko o ka ʻōpū);hereditary factor (genetic predisposition) - ke ola ʻana o nā hoahānau pili pili o ka ovarian, umauma, a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi kolorectectal.Hōʻalo pū nā wahine ʻaʻohe keiki a ʻaʻohe keiki hānai i mua.Nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻano o ke kanesa o ka ovarianAia iā 4 mau pae:    I ka papa hana 1, ua loaʻa ka lesion i hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ​​ovaries ʻelua. Hoʻomaopopo ka prognosis, maikaʻi ke ola, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea maʻi e komo i ke kala mau me ka ʻole o ka hoʻi ʻana mai i ka maʻi.    I ke kumu 2, hoʻolaha ka neoplasm i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka lua pelvic. Ma keʻano maʻamau, a i kēia papa ʻana, he maikaʻi ke wānana, e like me nā helu ma ka ʻelima mau makahiki ʻelimanulle like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kolohe:    papa A (haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa) - kahi ulu ulu e ulu ana, nā ʻōpū me nā anomalies liʻiliʻi (hoʻoliʻi koʻikoʻi);     papa B (ka maʻi hōʻeha) - nā loli morphological i hoʻopihapiha ʻia i loko o nā ʻōpū o ka maʻi a hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano like ʻole;     papa C (he mau hala nui) - kahi ulu ulu wikiwiki, nā papa hana haʻahaʻa.ʻO ka Hoʻolālā Ovarian cancerHoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka lāʻau hoʻohui me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ke ʻano o ka ʻoihana (kaʻauʻau ʻana) a me ka chemotherapy.Nā mea lawelaweE like me ke kānāwai, i ka wā o ka hōʻola ʻana no ka maʻi ovarian, nā hui ʻelua, nā kapua fallopian a me ka ʻōpū, e kokoke ana nā lymph node a me nā ʻāpana o ka kiko adipose i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū.ka mea i laha mai ai ke kanesa.Inā hiki i ka wahine ʻōpio ke ʻike i ka maʻi ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana (ma ka pae pae 1), i kekahi mau hihia ke hana hōʻemi ʻia ka palu ʻana me ka wehe ʻana o ka ovary a me ka tube fallopian ma kekahi ʻaoʻao. Hoʻopili i nā mea i ka prognosis no ka ho'ōla i kēia hihia, ʻo kēia ka mea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻomau i ka manaʻolana.No ka hōʻemi i ka trauma a me ka leʻaleʻa o nā hoʻopiʻi ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi no nā kumu kosic, hiki ke hoʻokuʻi ʻia ka hoʻokō no ka maʻi ovarian ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka robotic robotic system robot.ChemotherapyʻO Chemotherapy no ka maʻi ovarian o ka maʻi ma mua e hōʻike ʻia ma hope o ka hana ma ke ʻano o ka ʻoihana paʻakikī. Hoʻohana pinepine nā lāʻaui loko o kahi vein a i ʻole pololei i loko o kahi ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, ua hoʻohana pū ʻia ke ʻano hui ʻana o kēia mau hana.I nā wā i hope mai, hiki ke koho ʻia ka chemotherapy i ke ʻano nui o ka ʻoihana.Pākuʻi maʻi māmāMa nā hanana lohi (me ka ʻeha nui, ke koko mai ke kaʻi ʻana), ʻo ka radiation radiation ma waho a i ʻole ka brachytherapy (hoʻopili i ka radiation) e komo i ka regimen mālama no ka maʻi ovarian.Hoʻomaikaʻi ma hope o ka mālama ʻanaMe kahi papa hoʻoponopono o ka hana hou, ka hoʻihoʻi piha ʻana ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ovarian i ka wahine a piʻi i nā wiki 6. Inā ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻōpū, i loko o nā wiki 3-4 e pono ai e haʻalele i ka moe. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i kāu kauka ke kuhikuhi i nā hormone a me ka vitamina D.

ʻO ke kanesa Prostate ka kolu o ka maʻi maʻamau ma waena o nā kāne ma Russia ma hope o ka maʻi ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. ʻIke ʻia ma kekahi o nā kānaka he umikumamalima ma mua o 40 mau makahiki. ʻO kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka honua, e ʻike ʻia ana nā maʻi prostate malignant i hoʻokahi miliona miliona, a ma kahi o ka ʻekolu o lākou e make ma kēia ʻano.No ke aha i hoʻomohala ai ka maʻi prostate?Ua ʻike ʻia e pili pū ana kēia me nā loli i ka hope o ka hormonal, ka genisismis predisposition, ka palaka a me ka hopena o kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka kuleana o ka mea i kū ʻole mau. Mai ka manawa o ka maʻi maʻi muanā puʻupu ma mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hōʻailona e alakaʻi ai i kahi kāne i ka kūkā ʻana me ke kauka e mālama pinepine i nā makahiki. No kēia kumu, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka mea maʻi e ka Oncologist me kahi mea i pale ʻole ʻia, ua nui ka paʻakikī e hoʻōla. Ma ka huina, he mea maʻamau no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ʻehā mau wahi o ka maʻi prostate:Hōʻike ʻia ke kahua 1 e ka liʻiliʻi o ke kaila o ka maʻi, ke komo ʻole ʻana i nā nū lymph i ka heleʻana i ka hana pathological (hiki i nā huina maʻi ke hele ma laila me ka holo lymph) a me ka mālama pono o ka mea maʻi. ʻO ke kānāwai, ma kēia laʻai, ʻike ʻia ka maʻi prostate me ka manawa kūpono - i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana i kekahi maʻi ʻē aʻe o ka pehu. Hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana no ke ola o ka mea maʻi.nullnullka pono o nā lāʻau lapaʻau akahai e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola a hōʻoluʻolu i ka luhi o ka mea maʻi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e kōkua i ka luku ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa.Ka Hoʻōla Kūleʻa KūʻaiPehea nā ala e hele ai ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi prostate ʻaʻole wale ma luna o ke kahua o ka maʻi. He mea nui ke ʻano o ke ʻano - i hoʻoholo ʻia e ka biopsy, ka lawe ʻana i kekahi mau ʻāpana kiko a nānā iā lākou ma lalo o kahi mikroscope. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano o ke kanesa - no ka laʻana, he polymorphic cell prostate cancer - e piʻi a kokoke i ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana, e ulu ʻia ka hoʻomohala o nā poʻe e nā hormone. Ua noʻonoʻo ka oncologist i ʻike i kēia mau kūlana, a me ka manaʻo o ke ahonui ʻo ia iho, ma mua o ka lawe ʻanahoʻoholo i nā ʻōkole pili.Hoʻokani ka hana nui e nā ʻenehana loea i ka haukapila. ʻAʻole ia he mea hūnā i ka nui o nā ʻenehana hou a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau i loaʻa wale i nā hale maʻi maʻi home a i ʻole ma ke ʻano hoʻokō. A ʻoiai ʻo nā papa ala like ʻano like me ka wehe ʻana o ka prostate hiki ke loli nui, ka mea e hoʻopili i ka hopena wale nō o ka mālama ʻana, akā ke ʻano o ke ola o ka mea maʻi.Hana hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻO ke kumulāʻau prostate kahi lālā nui, akā hiki i ka kāne ʻelemakule ke hiki ke noho ʻole me ia. No laila, inā ʻaʻole i laha ke kanesa i nā ʻiʻo kokoke a me nā kiko, a me ke ʻano o ka mea maʻinā hana, ka oncologist e hōʻike i kahi prostatectomy radical i ke kāne - ka wehe ʻana i ka prostate. I nā hoʻomaka mua o ka maʻi, hiki i kēia ala ke hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻōla hou i kahi manawa pōkole (noho i loko o ka hale hoʻomaha e hoʻomaka ma kahi o 7 mau lā).Eia nō, he mea nui ka hoʻomanaʻo e kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ka hoʻoluhi hewa loa i ke kino, ka mea i pili me ka hiki o ke ola, a alakaʻi pū kekahi i kekahi hopena hopena. No laila, ʻike pinepine ka poʻe maʻi i nā pilikia me ka urination no nā mahina he nui ma hope o ka hana ʻana, ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o nā kāne e ʻōhumu nei i ka nalo ʻana o kahi neʻe.ʻO kahi koho ʻoluʻolu no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi prostate i kahi maʻi laparoscopic, ma lokoHoʻokuʻu ʻia ka prostate ma nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi - he mau minuke wale nō ka lōʻihi. ʻO ke hopena, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka hopena o nā hoʻopiʻi postoperative, a me maʻalahi ke kaʻina pono ʻia e ka mea maʻi.ʻO KalikimakaHiki i kekahi ʻano hana no nā kuʻuna kuʻuna ke lilo i ka cryosurgery tumor prostate. Pili ʻia kēia ala ma nā hoʻomaka mua o ka maʻi, i ka wā ʻaʻole i hele ʻo ke kanesa ma mua o ke koena. I ka wā o ka hana hoʻopunipuni, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā pulupulu kūikawā i ka prostate ma o ka mea maʻi, ma o ke kumu wai a i ʻole komo ai ka nitrogen. Hoʻopau i nā pālākona haʻahaʻa i nā palu o ka kelepa, a me ke kauka, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ultrasound, e kaohi a ʻole e hōʻino i ka hopena. ʻO ka hopena, ka haoʻaʻole pono e hoʻopau (ʻoiai ke neʻe mau nei kāna mau hana). I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka cryosurgery e like me ka mālama koʻikoʻi no ka maʻi prostate, kahi kūpono no nā maʻi o nā makahiki āpau.RadiosurgeryʻO kekahi o nā wahi mua o ka mālama ʻia no ka maʻi prostate. Hoʻokomo ia i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana Cyber-Knife. Kūkulu ʻia ke ala i ka hopena o kahi lāʻau i kū i ke kukui ma luna o ke kinipona, e alakaʻi ana i kona luku kūloko i ka wā e mālama ana i ke kūpaʻa o nā ʻili pili. ʻO kahi mea nui e pono ai ke ala ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka ʻeha ʻole a me ka hōʻeha ʻole: ma hope o ke kaʻina hana, hiki i ka mea maʻi ke haʻalele i ka haukapila.RadiotherapyInā ulu kūleʻa a ulu a i ulu ma waho o ka prostate.a i nā mau wahi aia hoʻi ka palupalu o ka mea maʻi no ka hōʻino ʻana, hiki ke lilo i mea hana i ke ʻano maʻi ma kahi o kahi scalpel. ʻO ka mea mua, make wikiwiki nā X-hihi i ka hoʻokaʻawale i nā sela - a ʻoi aku ka paʻolo i nā ʻōpū me ka ulu ʻole ʻole. No laila, i nā wā o nā hōʻiliʻili o ka radiotherapy, ua hōʻemi ke kuʻi, a me nā ʻāpana e hoʻopili ʻia e nā cell malignant "hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia."Hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau radiation e like me ke kaʻina hana hoʻokaʻawale, a me kahi mea i hoʻohui ʻia i ka hana: ma mua a i ʻole ma hope o ka wawao. Ua hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka radiotherapy waho (i ka wā e moe ai ka mea maʻi ma lalo o ka emitter) a me ka maʻi radiation ma waenaua hoʻokomo ʻia i nā polikika radioactive special into i ke kino o ka mea maʻi.Loaʻa nā lāʻau maʻi o waho i kāna mau ʻano like ʻole. ʻImi nā Oncologists e hōʻemi i ka hopena hōʻino o ka radiation ma nā ʻili o ke kino, no laila hoʻāʻo lākou e kuhikuhi i ke kaola o ka radiation i ka nukē i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. Ua kōkua ʻia e nā ʻōnaehana like e like me ke kūpaʻa 3D conformal radiation therapy, ke ʻano radiated intensity radiation therapy (IMRT), stereotoxic radiation therapy (SBRT), a me ka proton radiation therapy. ʻO kēia mau ala āpau i loaʻa nā pono a me nā haki. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, alakaʻi ka radiotherapy i nā maʻi urination mau loa a me ka holo erectile.Hoʻopuka i nā maʻi radiation internal (brachytherapy) ka hopena o ka radiation ma ka hoʻemi ʻanaka mamao mai kona kumu a i nā pūpū maʻi. ʻO nā polikika radioaktif i hoʻohana ʻia no ke kaʻina hana e kau i ka radio iodine, palladium a me nā mea kanu hou e hiki ai ke hana i nā ʻāpana ʻihi e lōʻihi. Aia ma muli o ke ʻano, hiki i kēia mau grules ke i ke kino no nā mahina he nui (hoʻomau ka brachytherapy) a i ʻole e mālama wale ana i ka wā lapaʻau (brachytherapy kaʻawale).ChemotherapyHoʻohana ʻia ʻo Chemotherapy, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, i loko o nā kūlana i ka manawa i pālahalaha ʻia ke kano ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa, no laila pono ʻoe e hoʻoponopono i ka maʻi āpau. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i nā maʻi prostate malignant i kuhikuhi i nā papa, ma hope o nā hopena o ka hopena a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao.He hopena maikaʻi ʻole nā ​​loea Chemotherapeutic ʻaʻole wale nō i ka maʻi kanesa, akā, ma nā kino olakino. No laila, ke hoʻomanawanui pinepine nei nā mea maʻi i kēlā mau maʻi me ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka palaka ʻana, nāwaliwali, ka lauoho lauoho a me nā maʻi maʻi maʻi.Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūloheloheKe nānā nei kēia ʻano hana i ka hoʻōla ʻana i ka pale o ka mea maʻi. He mea ʻokoʻa kēia mau kanesa i ko mākou kino, akā no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā ʻano hana loea, hiki iā lākou ke pale aku i ka pane ʻana mai.Hana ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka lāʻau kūʻokoʻa - i loko o ka hale hana, “hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā ʻona koko o ka mea maʻi” e ʻike i kahi ʻōpū, a laila hoʻoili ʻia ka hopena huakaʻi i loko o ke kino. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole i hiki i ka oncologists ke hoʻokō i kahi kiʻekiʻeka hopena o kēia ʻenehana, no laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i mea kōkua, a ma ka hopena hope o ka maʻi.Hana maʻi no ka maʻi prostateMa muli o ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu ʻaʻanū e ka hana o nā kāne kāne, i ke kuʻina o ka maʻi prostate, hiki i nā kauka ke kuhikuhi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e ālai ana i ka synthes o kēia mau mea. ʻO ka maʻamau ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ka hoʻokele ola o nā lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO kēlā ʻano hana e hoʻōla ʻia i ke kau ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. I ka hui pū me nā hana ʻē aʻe - no ka laʻana, ka radiotherapy - lawe i nā hormones hiki ke alakaʻi i kahi ho'ōla piha piha no ka poʻe maʻi e contraindicated ma ka ʻōpio prostatectomy. Ma ka manawa likeua hoʻohuli ʻia ka maʻi olakino - ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka lāʻau.He ʻokoʻa like nā koho lapaʻau no ka maʻi prostate, a kēlā me kēia makahiki i loaʻa ka ʻike e pili ana i nā ala kūpono hou. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, kokoke like ʻole o nā hihia hopohopo ke ʻole ka mana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kōkua i ka mea maʻi. He mea nui e ʻimi i ke kauka i koho i kahi ʻano lapaʻau koʻikoʻi. Mai hopohopo - ʻo ka lanakila o ka lanakila ʻana ma mua o ʻoe.Waiho i kahi noi ma kā mākou pūnaewele a e kamaʻilio mākou me kā mākou poʻe loea e kōkua iā ʻoe e koho i ke keʻena maikaʻi loa e like me kāu hihia.

He pilikia maʻamau koʻu maʻi i ka maʻemaʻe. I ka honua, ʻo Australia, ʻo New Zealand a me USA e alakaʻi i ka helu o nā hihia hou o ka melanoma i hōʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ma Lūkia, e like me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua, e ulu ana nā helu morbidity.Wahi a ka World Health Organization, ua hōʻike ʻia nā kūlana hou o ka melanoma e hiki iā 132,000 i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka hapanui o nā maʻi he poʻe ʻelemakule, ma hope o 50 mau makahiki ʻo ka nui o nā kāne maʻi e 2-3 manawa ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā wāhine. Akā i nā kāne'ōpio a me nā wahine, ulu pinepine ka maʻi ʻili o ka ʻili. Wahi a nā epidemiologists, o kēiaʻO ke kanesa ma Russia ka lua wale nō i ka maʻi kanesa, nā umauma umauma a me nā maʻi o ka prostate. I nā huaʻōlelo, ʻaʻole kēia e pili ana i kekahi maʻi exotic, akā e pili ana i kahi hoʻoweliweli maoli i ka olakino.Nā ʻano ʻili o ka ʻili o ka ʻiliHiki i nā maʻi maʻi maʻamau ka:Carcinoma cell basal - ua ʻike kēia maʻi i ka 7 mau maʻi o ka maʻi 'ōpū ma waho o 10. ʻO Basalioma ke ʻano like o ka nodule a i ʻole ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka ulaula, ka mea maʻamau i ʻike ʻia ma ka maka. Hiki i kahi neoplasm ke hōʻeha, hōʻeha a hoʻokahe paha - e hoʻonui iki ka nui,me ka ʻole o kahi mea i hōʻike ʻia e kahi pōʻino, ʻo ia ke kumu e hiki ai ke kipa. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, laha iki kēia hāpili ma ke kino (hāʻawi i ka metastases), no laila, makemake nui ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana no nā maʻi maʻi.ʻO ka carcinoma cell cellamous o ka ʻili (ka caramoma cellam squamous) e like me ka lemi ma ke ʻano: he kino ʻawena me kahi ʻāpana āpau. Hoʻohā like kēia mānoʻi me ka wart: i ka nui o nā hihia ua loaʻa i ka maka o ka maka, ma nā wahi o ka lipe haʻahaʻa. I kekahi mau ʻano kīmole o ka carcinoma cellamous, hiki i ka neoplasm ke ʻike wale ia e ka loli ʻana o ka ʻili kino: ma ka pae pathologicalhe ʻili a he ʻeha paha kona. I nā papa i hala, hiki i ka carcinoma ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻokumuʻana o metastases a i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa pono.He ʻano pilikia nui ʻo Melanoma kahi o nā mea maʻi e hōʻeha ai i ka hapa nui o nā maʻi ʻili o ka ʻili. Hoʻoulu i ka pinepine mai nā moles - nā hōʻiliʻili o nā ʻāpana pigment, melanocytes, akā ʻaʻole wale nō: hiki i ka melanoma ke hoʻopilikia i ka retina, ka membous mucous (waha waha, vagina, rectum). Hōʻike ʻia kēia neoplasm e ka ulu wikiwiki a loaʻa i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā metastases lōʻihi - i loko o nā iwi, ka puʻu, nā ʻōpū, ʻāwī. Naaume ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa manawa kūpono, ʻo nā mea maʻi me ka melanoma pinepine pinepine i ka hou - ke ulu pinepine i ka ulu ʻana ma hope o nā makahiki he nui.Nui nā hana kumu no ka hakakā ʻana i ka maʻi ʻili o ka ʻili.ʻO ka hoʻokuʻi ala ala ʻo ia ka ʻoi loa o ka ʻūʻū i nā keaka. ʻO ka hopena nui loa o ka hana i ʻike ʻia i nā hoʻomaka mua ʻana, i ka wā e pili ʻole ai ka neoplasm i nā lymph node a me nā mea kino a me nā kiko. Ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i ke kanikau, hana ke kahuna i ka cauterization (electrocoagulation) a me ka curettage (curettage) o ka ʻeha hōʻeha e hoʻopau i nā koena maʻi i koe. ʻOiai e ulu pinepine ana ke kanesa o ka ʻili ma ka maka, he ʻoluʻolu nā lulu,e hoʻemi i nā hemahema aesthetic. Hoʻopili kēia i ka cryodestruction, kahi e pīhoihoi ai ka ʻōlohelohe me ka hauoli wai a hoʻoneʻe ʻia me ka ʻole ʻeha kino. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i nā hihia me nā ʻano maʻi o ka maʻi o ka maʻi - ka maʻi kalaka cellamous squamous a me ka melanoma - hiki ʻole ke koho i kahi koho ma ke ʻano o ka liʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa o ka hana. ʻO ke ʻano neʻe ʻana o ka Micrographic, e like me ke ʻano MOHS (Mohsa), ka mea i ʻike ʻia ʻoi loa ka palekana a me ka hopena hou o ke ʻano o ka hoʻokau ʻia ʻana no ka maʻi ʻili o ka ʻili. Me ia, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka ʻili me nā pūpula i nā palani, ma lalo o ke kaomi o kahi mikroscope, a pololei kēlā me kēia waihonai ka wā e hoʻouna ʻia ai ka hana no ka hoʻokolokolo hou ʻana i ka ʻoihana. Hoʻōla wale ka mea hoʻokūkū i ka manawa komo i ka manawa e hōʻoia ai ka poʻe kākauʻike i nā manuʻa he manuahi o nā pūpela hewa.Hoʻohana ʻia ka Radiotherapy ma ke ʻano i ke kaʻina hana. Pilikia ka hali i nā ʻōpala i hiki ke ulu wikiwiki, no laila, nā kihi ʻānō o ka radiation ionizing e hiki ke hōʻemi i ka nui o ke kō, a me ka luku ʻana i kēlā mau kelepa maikaʻi i ola ma hope o ka hana. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā hālāwai radiotherapy a me ka wili o ka radiation he kanaka hoʻokahi no kēlā me kēia maʻi.Chemotherapy ka ʻōnaehana a me ka kūloko. Me ka koho ʻana o kēia ʻano, ʻo cytotoxic (detrimental toi nā ʻāpili) ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi mea kanu intravenously a hoʻopuka pololei ʻia i ke kinipōpō. He mea koʻikoʻi loa kēlā ʻano ala i ka ʻike ʻana i nā metastases i ka wā e loaʻa ai ka limu o ke kanikau ma waho o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea lapaʻau.Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau Photodynamic i ka luku ʻia ʻana o kahi lāʻau e ka ʻā ʻana o ka laser ma hope o ka photosensitization mua (hoʻonui i ka ʻike o nā ʻāpana o ka mālamalama). He ʻano hou kēia ʻano, a me kāna hoʻohana ʻana me ke kāhiko ʻole ʻia e pili ana i ka kūkā. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana i hāʻawi i ka mea i hoʻomanoho ʻia ka holomua photodynamic i loko o ka hana lapaʻau o nā keʻena olakino.Ke hoʻoikaika nei a me ka huli ʻana i nā maʻi - nā loea hoʻoweliweli a hoʻohiki e pili ana i ka huli ʻana.ka huhū ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana pale, a i ʻole ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hana ʻia no kekahi ʻano maʻi o ka maʻi maʻi e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona pilikino o ka mea maʻi. ʻIke kekahi poʻe loea i ka manawa hiki i kēia wahi ma ka oncology ke hoʻololi i nā ʻano hana āpau o ka mālama ʻana i nā neoplasms, akā hiki i kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano pale me ka hoʻoulu ʻia a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe a - no ka pale ʻana i nā relapses.Waiho i kahi noi ma kā mākou pūnaewele a e kamaʻilio mākou me kā mākou poʻe loea e kōkua iā ʻoe e koho i ke keʻena maikaʻi loa e like me kāu hihia.

He aha kāu e pono ai e ʻike e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana insemination artiale Inā hoʻoholo ʻoe e hana i ka IVF?No nā kāne he nui, ʻo IVF wale ke ala e loaʻa ai ke keiki i lōʻihi ka lōʻihi. He aha ke ʻano o kēia kaʻina hana, palekana, pehea ka mākaukau no ka IVF e hele a pehea hoʻi ke kumukūʻai?ʻO ka hiʻona o ke kaʻina IVFʻO IVF kahi hana e hoʻokuʻi ai ma waho o ke kino: kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hua a me nā huaʻai mai ke kino, hele mai ka luku ʻana i ka ʻoihana. A laila e kau ʻia nā hua i kanu ʻia i loko o ka incubator no 5-6 mau lā a i ke kaʻina hana i kā lākou kanu ʻia i ka kōpū.Nā ʻōmaka nokohoHōʻike ʻia ka IVF i nā hihia he nui o ka infertility: • •i luna, pinepine ʻia e nā ʻenehana kōkua.ICSI - ka hoʻoilo kūlohelohe o kahi sperm i loko o ka hua manu me ka hoʻohana pono nui ʻia. Ka lawe ʻia ʻana inā • •kūlana ʻenehana. Hoʻohana ia inā ʻaʻole e hoʻoulu ʻia ka hoʻoulu ʻana. Hōʻalo i ka hoʻouluʻana o ka hormonal.ʻO ke kōkua o ka hatching kahi ʻenehana i hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka implantation o kahi embryo i loko o ka kōpū. Hoʻopuni ʻia ka embryo e kahi pūleo aniani, i luku ʻia ma mua o ka implantation.Hoʻomākaukau kālā no IVF, ke lawe nei i ke kaʻina a me ke nānā ʻana ma hope o IVFLawe a hoʻomākaukau no IVF pili i mau wiki 2-3 a e loaʻa paha nā hoʻokolohua no nā kāne ʻelua. Hoʻomoʻa pinepine ka papahana IVF i kahi: • •nullInā hāʻawi ka IVF i ka hopena i makemake ʻia, huli kekahi mau kāne i nā lawelawe i nā makuahine surrogate.ʻO kekahi mau'āina, pāpā ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke kānāwai, akā aia kekahi mau'āina kahi i koi nui ai ka hoʻohiki ʻana, no ka laʻana, ma Kazakhstan.I kēia lā ma Lūkia, ʻo Kazakhstan a me kekahi mau'āina CIS, hiki ke hana i ka IVF no ka manuahi me ka aneane o kekahi ʻano infertility.Waiho i kahi noi ma kā mākou pūnaewele a e kamaʻilio mākou me kā mākou poʻe loea e kōkua iā ʻoe e koho i ke keʻena maikaʻi loa e like me kāu hihia.