Chipatala cha Seoul National University

Ndemanga:Ma electrocardiogram (ECG) amalembedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma electrodes omwe amaikidwa pakhungu. Amatenga kugunda kwamagetsi kwa minofu ya mtima, yomwe imakulolani kuti muyike kukula kwa zipinda zamtima, kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe a mtima ndi magawo ena. Electrocardiogram imatha kuzindikira zovuta zosiyanasiyana za mtima, kuphatikizapo matenda amtima, kulephera kwa mtima, mtima, kupunduka kwa mtima, kupweteketsa mtima kwa mtima, kapena ma pericarditis. Kutalika kwakukulu kukakhala kunja: 1 - 2 masikuNgati electrocardiogram saulula matenda akulu amtima, wodwalayo amatha kuuluka pandege nthawi yomweyo.

Brachytherapy, yotchedwanso radiation therapy, ndi njira yochizira khansa momwe makapisozi okhala ndi zinthu zama radio akumwa mthupi. Njira yothandizira mankhwalawa imachepetsa mphamvu yama radiation pazinthu komanso ziwalo zozungulira, mosiyana ndi ma radiation akunja, pomwe siotupa yokha yomwe imadziwika ndi radiation.Brachytherapy imachitika mu boma la mitundu yayikulu kapena yotsika, pamene ma radioisotope amathandizidwa kwakanthawi kapena mosalekeza (kumapeto, zinthu zama radio zimatha kuchita zomwezo). Mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito zimatengera mtundu wa khansa ndi zomwe wodwala aliyense ali nazo. Mlingo wawukulu komanso zokutira kosatha zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ngati lamulo, ku khansa ya Prostate.Yalangizidwa- Khansa ya m'mawere - Khansa ya Prostate - Khansa ya m'mawere - Khansa ya m'mimba - Khansa yaikazi - Khansa ya pakhungu - Khansa yapakhungu

Pafupifupi, kusintha kwa precancer kukhala chotupa cha khansa kumatenga zaka ziwiri mpaka 15. Kusintha kwotsatira kuyambira gawo loyambirira la khansa kupita komaliza kumatha zaka 1-2.Khansa ya khomo lachiberekero ndi chotupa chowopsa, chomwe malinga ndi ziwerengero zamankhwala pakati pa matenda a oncological omwe amapezeka pakati pa kugonana koyenera, chimatenga malo achinayi (pambuyo pa khansa yam'mimba, khungu ndi ma gonia a mammary).Gwero la khansa ya khomo pachibelekeropo ndi maselo abwinobwino omwe amaphimba khomo pachibelekeropo. Zoposa 600,000 zotupa izi zimapezeka pachaka.odwala. Ngakhale khansa yamchiberekero imakonda kupezeka pakati pa zaka 40-60, koma, mwatsoka, posachedwa idakula kwambiri.Chithandizo cha khansa ya khomo lachiberekero chimaphatikizidwa ndikuphatikiza opaleshoni, chemotherapy ndi radiation. Munthawi zonsezi, chithandizo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito payekhapayekha, zimatengera gawo la matendawa, matenda oyanjana, momwe khomo lachiberekero limakhalira, komanso kukhalapo kwa matenda opatsirana pakalipano.Pakupanga opaleshoni, chotupa chimatha kuchotsedwa ndi mbali ina ya khomo pachibelekeropo, kuchotsa chotupa chijakhomo pachibelekeropo, ndipo nthawi zina ndi chiberekero lokha. Nthawi zambiri, opareshoni imathandizidwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa ma lymph node a pelvis (ngati maselo a khansa atha kuzolowera). Nkhani yakuchotsa kwamchiberekero nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa payekhapayekha (kumayambiriro kwa khansa m'mayi achichepere, thumba losunga mazira limatha kusungidwa).Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, ngati kuli kotheka, odwala amapatsidwa mankhwala a radiation. Kuchiza ndi ionizing radiation kumatha kuphatikiza chithandizo cha opaleshoni, ndipo amatha kuperekedwa padera. Pochiza khansa ya khomo lachiberekero, chemotherapy, mankhwala apadera omwe amaletsa kukula angagwiritsidwe ntchito.ndi khansa kugawanika. Tsoka ilo, kuthekera kwa chemotherapy kwa matendawa ndizochepa.Kupambana kwamankhwala othandizira khansa ya khomo pachifuwa kumadalira msinkhu wa wodwalayo, kulondola kwa kusankha kwa mankhwalawo, ndipo koposa zonse, pakudziwitsa matendawo. Khansa ya khomo lachiberekero ikapezeka kumayambiriro kwake, matendawa ndi abwino kwambiri ndipo matendawa amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi njira zopangira opaleshoni yokha.Siyani pempho patsamba lathu ndipo akatswiri athu adzakupezani ndi kukuthandizani kusankha chipatala chabwino kwambiri malinga ndi vuto lanu.

CyberKnife ndi njira yopanda opaleshoni yothandizira khansa ndi zotupa. Mothandizidwa ndi pulogalamu yamakompyuta ndi mavidiyo, zotupa zimatulutsidwa molondola monga momwe zingathere ndipo zimayatsidwa ndendende ndi ma radiation apamwamba.

Wodwala akapezeka ndi chotupa cha khansa ndipo amupeza, amamuthandizira. Uku ndikukambirana ndi dotolo pomwe njira yakukambirana ikukambidwa.Wodwala akapezeka ndi chotupa cha khansa ndipo amupeza, amamuthandizira. Uku ndikukambirana ndi dotolo pomwe njira yakukambirana ikukambidwa. Katswiri wa oncologist azichita. Adzakuwuzani zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza matenda anu komanso chithandizo chake. Kutalika, zotsatira zoyipa, zotsatira zomwe akuyembekeza, komanso chiyembekezo chanu. Mwachilengedwe, mutha kufunsa wophunzirawo mafunso anu onse.Nthawi yamankhwalaYalangizidwa    Khansa

nulladziwonetsere ku magawo oyamba a matenda (kupatula kumavuto).Zoyambitsa ngozi zikuluzikulu ndi izi:     ukalamba - monga lamulo, matendawa amakula mwa azimayi atasiya kusamba, wazaka 50 mpaka 60 (zaka 8 mwa 10);      azimayi oyamba kusamba (mpaka zaka 12) ndi mochedwa kusamba (atatha zaka 52);      kusuta      kunenepa      kumwa mankhwala osabereka;      polycystic;      endometriosis (kuchuluka kwachulukidwe kamkati ka chiberekero);cholowa (chibadwa) - kukhalapo kwa abale apamtima a ovarian, chifuwa, kapena khansa ya m'matumbo.Amayi omwe alibe ana ndipo sanakhalepo akuyamwitsa amakhalanso pachiwopsezo.Magawo ndi mitundu ya khansa yamchiberekeroPali magawo anayi:    Pa siteji yoyamba, chotupa chimapezeka m'mimba imodzi kapena ziwiri. Matendawa amatsimikiza, mankhwalawa ndi abwino, odwala ambiri amapita kuchikhululukiro popanda kubweza matendawo.    Pa siteji yachiwiri, chikondwererocho chimafalikira kumadera ena. Ponseponse, ndipo panthawiyi, zonenedweratu ndi zabwino, malingana ndi ziwerengero pazaka zisanunullmalingana ndi kuchuluka kwa zipsera:    kalasi A (chotupa chochepa) - chotupa chomwe chikukula pang'onopang'ono, maselo okhala ndi zosankha zazing'ono (zosiyanitsidwa kwambiri);     kalasi B (kuvulaza pakati) - kutanthauzira kochulukira kwa maselo otupa poyerekeza ndi kusiyanasiyana;     kalasi C (chotupa chachikulu) - chotupa chikukula msanga, maselo otsika kwambiri.Ovarian Khansa MankhwalaKuphatikiza mankhwala nthawi zambiri kumaphatikiza njira zopangira opaleshoni (opareshoni) ndi chemotherapy.OpaleshoniMonga lamulo, pochita opaleshoni ya khansa yamchiberekero, ziwalo zonse zophatikizika, machubu a fallopian ndi chiberekero, ma lymph node oyandikira ndi mapangidwe a minofu ya adipose pamimba yam'mimba imachotsedwa,komwe khansa idafalikira.Ngati mayi wachichepere amatha kudziwa matendawa kumayambiriro kwake (pagawo 1), nthawi zina kuchitira opaleshoni modekha kumachitika ndikuchotsa chubu chamchiberekero ndi mbali imodzi. Kuphatikiza pa chakuti kudalirika kwa machiritso mu nkhaniyi ndi kwabwino, izi zimakupatsani chiyembekezo chokhala ndi pakati.Kuti muchepetse kuvutika mtima komanso chiwopsezo cha zovuta, komanso zolinga zodzikongoletsa, opaleshoni ya khansa yamchiberekero imatha kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya Robot da Vinci yanzeru.ChemotherapyChemotherapy yokhala ndi khansa yamchiberekedwe nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pambuyo pa opaleshoni ngati gawo la zovuta. Mankhwala nthawi zambiri amaperekedwamu mtsempha kapena molunjika m'mimba, kuphatikiza njira izi kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito.M'magawo apambuyo, chemotherapy ikhoza kusankhidwa ngati njira yayikulu yothandizira.Chithandizo cha poizoniyuNthawi zina (kupweteka kwambiri, magazi ochokera ku chotupa), ma radiation yakunja kapena brachytherapy (radiation yokhudzana ndi mankhwalawa) imaphatikizidwa mu njira yochizira khansa yamchiberekero.Kubwezeretsa pambuyo chithandizoNdi njira yokhazikika yochiritsira, kuchira kwathunthu pambuyo pochizira khansa yamchiberekero mwa amayi kumatenga milungu isanu ndi umodzi. Ngati chiberekero chachotsedwa, mkati mwa masabata 3-4 ndikofunikira kusiya kugonana. Nthawi zina, dokotala angakulembeni mahomoni ndi vitamini D.

Khansa yapakhungu ndi vuto lofala kwambiri. Padziko lonse lapansi, Australia, New Zealand ndi USA akutsogolera pakuwonjezeka kwa milandu ya melanoma yatsopano pachaka. Ku Russia, monga kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi, ziwerengero zakukula zikukula.Malinga ndi World Health Organisation, milandu yatsopano 132,000 ya melanoma imadziwika pachaka padziko lapansi. Odwala ambiri ndi okalamba, pambuyo pa zaka 50 kuchuluka kwa amuna odwala kumakhala kochulukirapo kawiri kuposa azimayi. Koma mwa anyamata ndi atsikana, khansa yapakhungu imakula nthawi zambiri. Malinga ndi akatswiri amatsenga, iziKhansa ku Russia ndi yachiwiri kokha ku khansa ya m'mapapo, khansa ya m'mawere ndi khansa ya Prostate. Mwanjira ina, izi sizikunena za matenda ena achilendo, koma za chiwopsezo chenicheni cha thanzi.Mitundu ya oncology yapakhunguKhansa wamba yapakhungu imaphatikizapo:Basal cell carcinoma - chotupa ichi chimapezeka mu milandu 7 ya khansa yapakhungu pa 10. Basalioma imawoneka ngati nodule kapena bala la ofiira kapena lofiirira, lomwe limakonda kuwoneka pa nkhope. Mitsempha imatha kuluma, kupweteka kapena kutulutsa - imayamba kukula pang'ono,popanda kuchititsa munthu kufotokozera, ndiye chifukwa chake kuchedwa kwa dokotala kungachedwe. Mwamwayi, chotupachi sichimafalikira thupi lonse (chimapereka ma metastases), chifukwa chake, kudalirika kwa odwala nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwabwino.Squcinous cell carcinoma ya khungu (squamous cell carcinoma) nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi bowa mawonekedwe: thupi lozungulira ndi mwendo woonda. Chotupa ichi ndi chofanana ndi nyongolotsi: nthawi zambiri imapezeka pamwamba pa nkhope, mdera la mlomo wapansi. Mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cell carcinoma, ma neoplasm amatha kuzindikirika pokhapokha pakusintha khungu: pakhunguAmawoneka wotumbululuka kapena wowonda. Mu magawo apambuyo, carcinoma imatsogolera pakupanga metastases ndipo nthawi zina singathe kuchiritsidwa.Melanoma ndi mtundu wowopsa wa chotupa womwe umayambitsa kufa ambiri khansa yapakhungu. Amayamba kupezeka pafupipafupi - ma cell a pigment, melanocyte, koma osati kokha: melanoma amathanso kukhudza retina, mucous nembanemba (m'kamwa patsekeke, maliseche, rectum). Neoplasm iyi imadziwika ndi kukula mwachangu ndipo imakonda kupangidwa ndi metastases yambiri yakutali - m'mafupa, ubongo, mapapu, chiwindi. Ngakhalendi chithandizo cha panthawi yake, odwala khansa ya pakhungu nthawi zambiri amakhalanso ndi zotupa - kubwereza chotupa pambuyo zaka zingapo.Pali njira zingapo zoyenera zolimbana ndi khansa yapakhungu.Opaleshoni ndiyo njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yochotsera chotupa. Kuchita bwino kwambiri kwa opareshoni kumadziwika m'magawo oyambilira, pamene mitsempha ya m'mimba siyikhudze ma lymph node ndi ziwalo zina ndi minyewa. Pambuyo pochotsa chotupacho, dokotalayo amachita cauterization (electrocoagulation) ndikuwachiritsa (curettage) wa bala kuti awononge maselo otsala a khansa. Popeza khansa yapakhungu imakonda kumera pamaso, pamakhala kuchitapo kanthu modekha.zomwe zimachepetsa zolakwika. Izi zimaphatikizapo cryodestruction, momwe chotupa chija chimazunguliridwa ndi nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi ndikuchotsa popanda kuvulala kwambiri kwa minofu. Komabe, tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ngati pali mitundu ya khansa yomwe imakhala yolusa - squamous cell carcinoma ndi melanoma - ndizosatheka kupanga chisankho m'malo ochepera opaleshoni. Kuchita opaleshoni ya Micrographic, malinga ndi njira ya MOHS (Mohsa), amadziwika kuti ndi njira yotetezeka kwambiri yodalirika yodutsira khansa yapakhungu. Nayo, khungu lomwe lili ndi zotupa limachotsedwa m'magulu, moyang'aniridwa ndi ma microscope, ndipo chilichonsepa opareshoni amatumizidwa kukapimidwa ku labotore. Dokotalayo amaletsa kulowererapo pokhapokha akatswiri atazindikira kuti bala silikhala ndi maselo owopsa.Radiotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira njira ya opareshoni. Magetsi amawonongeka maselo omwe amakonda kuwonjezeka mwachangu, chifukwa chake, magonedwe opendekera a ionizing radiation amatha kuchepetsa kukula kwa chotupa, komanso kuwononga maselo owopsa omwe adatsalira atachitidwa opaleshoni. Kutalika kwa magawo a radiotherapy ndi mlingo wa radiation ndi payekha pa wodwala aliyense.Chemotherapy ndiwachilengedwe komanso wamba. Ndi poika njirayi, cytotoxic (kuvulazamaselo) mankhwala amaphatikizidwa kudzera m'mitsempha kapena amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji chotupa. Njira yotereyi ndiyofunika kwambiri kuzindikiritsa metastases pomwe chidwi cha khansa chili kunja kwa opanga maopaleshoni.Chithandizo cha Photodynamic chimaphatikizapo kuwonongedwa kwa chotupa ndi mtanda wa laser pambuyo poyambira photosensitization (kukulitsa chidwi cha maselo kuti kuwala). Njirayi ndiyatsopano, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito popanda kuchitidwa opaleshoni kumakambirana. Komabe, kukulitsa kwaukadaulo kumapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono njira zamtundu wa Photodynamic zikulowetsedwe m'chipatala.Chithandizo chakuwonongeka kwachangu komanso kwachikale - njira zamakono komanso zodalirika zomwe zikuphatikiza chandamale chomwe mukufuna.zotupa pakulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, kapena kuyambitsa mankhwala omwe amapangidwira makamaka mtundu wina wa khansa potengera mawonekedwe amtundu wa wodwalayo. Akatswiri ena akutsimikiza kuti popita nthawi m'derali mu oncology mudzatenga njira zina zochizira, koma pakadali pano, chithandizo chamankhwala chogwiritsidwa ntchito mothandizidwa ndi zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi njira zina - - kupewa kubwereza.Siyani pempho patsamba lathu ndipo akatswiri athu adzakupezani ndi kukuthandizani kusankha chipatala chabwino kwambiri malinga ndi vuto lanu.

nullmankhwala ndi mankhwala a radiation chikugwirizana ndi opareshoni. Kusankha kwa chitsogozo chotsogola kumayendetsedwa ndi kukula ndi komwe chotupacho, mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo komanso matenda oyanjana nawo.Ndi chotupa chochepa kwambiri chomwe sichimamera mucosa, ndiye kuti mucosa yokhayo yomwe imapangidwa ndi gastroscope, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala bwino.Pa siteji I - II ya khansa, gawo lina lam'mphepete limachotsedwa, chilema chimadzaza gawo lamatumbo kapena chubu chimapangidwa kuchokera m'mimba. Masiku ano ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zida za endoscopic pantchito izi.Ndi kufalikira kwa chotupacho m'matumbo a minofu ndikuwonjezerapo, opareshoni imachitidwanso, koma izinullNthawi zina chemoradiotherapy amachitika ndi osakwanira opaleshoni. Chemotherapy ikhoza kuchitika ngati opaleshoni singatheke, pamene chotupa ndi chachikulu kwambiri, kapena ndi chotupa chochepa, koma ndi contraindication wamba opaleshoni. Munjira yosasamala iyi, kupulumuka kumafanana ndi chithandizo cha opaleshoni. Pamaso pa fistulas, chemoradiotherapy siyotheka. Chemotherapy ikhoza kukhala yovuta chifukwa cha kutupa kwamphamvu kwa mucous membrane wa esophagus, komwe kumafunikira chakudya kudzera ndi dontho.Siyani pempho patsamba lathu ndipo akatswiri athu adzakupezani ndi kukuthandizani kusankha chipatala chabwino kwambiri malinga ndi vuto lanu.

Ndemanga:Kukulitsa m'mawere ndi njira yopangira opaleshoni posintha kukula ndi mawonekedwe a zofunikira za mabere. Nthawi zambiri imapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zodzikongoletsera zomwe zayikidwa mu bere. Kachiwiri, mothandizidwa ndi liposuction, mafuta amapezeka kuchokera pamimba ndi m'chiuno, kenako amawalowetsa mu tiziwalo ta mammary. Monga lamulo, kuphatikizidwa kwa minofu ya adipose kumakupatsani mwayi wokulitsa kukula kwamabele ndi masentimita 200 apakati (pafupifupi kukula kwake). Kutalika kwakukulu kukakhala kunja: 1 milungu