Primus Super Specialty Chipatara

Ongorora:Abrasion inzira yekuita gynecological inoitwa kuti iongorore uye kurapa zvirwere zvemukati memhino. Iyo cervical canal yakanyungudzwa kuti ipe kupinda muchibereko. Ipapo madziro echibereko anotsemurwa neputi yekushandisa. Maitiro acho anowanzoitwa pasi peanesthesia kana kushandisa shanduko yakadzika. Avhareji kureba kwekugara kune imwe nyika: Vhiki 1

Ongorora:Electrocardiogram (ECG) inonyorwa uchishandisa electrodes inoiswa paganda. Vanobata maungira emagetsi emutsipa wemoyo, uyo unokutendera kuti uise hukuru hwemakamuri emwoyo, kuwanda kwezvibvumirano zvemoyo uye mamwe ma paramu. Electrocardiogram inogona kuona kukanganisa kwakasiyana-siyana kwemoyo, kusanganisira chirwere chemwoyo, kutadza kwemwoyo, mwoyo Avhareji kureba kwekugara kune imwe nyika: 1 - 2 mazuvaKana iyo electrocardiogram isingaratidzi chirwere chakakomba chemwoyo, murwere anogona kubhururuka nendege nekukurumidza mushure meitiro.

Kuwanda kwechirwereChirwere cheuropa, icho chinobata vanhu vanopfuura mamirioni makumi mashanu pasi rose, chinopa chikamu chakakura chemutoro wepasi rose wechirwere. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chikamu chehuwandu hwese huwandu neyakagwinya fomu yekushanda (kureva kuti, nekubatwa kusingaperi kana kudiwa kwokurapwa) panguva yakapihwa kubva kugumi kusvika kugumi pane vanhu chiuru. Nekudaro, mhedzisiro yezvimwe zvidzidzo munyika dzakaderera- nepakati-mari inoratidza kuti chikamu ichi chakanyanya kukwirira - kubva pa7 kusvika gumi nemashanu pagumi nevanhu.Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pasi rese, chirwere chemanyoka chinowanikwa gore rega rega mukatiMamirioni 2.4 vanhu. Munyika dzine mari yakakwira, huwandu hwezviitiko zvitsva zvegore negore zvechirwere pamwero wehuwandu hwevanhu huri pakati pe30 kusvika makumi mashanu pamazana ezviuru. Munyika dzakadzika-uye yepakati-mari inowanikwa, nhamba iyi inogona kunge yakapetwa kaviri.Nhamba dzakakwirira munzvimbo dzakaderera- uye yepakati-mari inowanikwa inogona kuve yakabatana nenjodzi yakawedzera yezvirwere zvechirwere chakadai semarariya uye neurocysticercosis; kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekukuvara kwemigwagwa; kukuvara kwekuzvarwa, pamwe nemisiyano muzvivakwa zvekurapa, kuwanikwa kwehurongwa hwekudzivirira uye kurapwa kuri nyore kurapwa.nullnullnullnullmushonga, kuvhiya kunogona kubatsira.KudziviriraIdiopathic epilepsy haina kudziviririka. Nekudaro, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinozivikanwa chechipiri kushupika, matanho ekudzivirira anogona kutorwa.    Kudzivirira kukuvara kwemusoro ndiyo nzira inoshanda kwazvo yekudzivirira kushungurudzika kwepashure.     Kuchengetwa kwakakodzera kwemukati kunobatsira kudzikisira kuitika kweiyo nyowani nyowani nekuda kwekukuvara kwekuzvara.     Kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka uye dzimwe nzira kuderedza kudziya kwemuviri muvana vane fivha kunogona kuderedza mukana wekubatwa kwehusimbe.     Zvirwere zvemuviri wepakati pezvirwere zvinokonzeresa munzvimbo dzekupisa ukokune nyika zhinji dziri kusimukira. Kubviswa kwezvikara pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya uye basa rekudzidzisa zvine chekuita nezvekudzivirira kwehutachiona inzira dzinoshanda dzekuderedza mutoro wechirwere chepfungwa pasi rese, semuenzaniso, kusuruvara nekuda kwemutsipa.Allhospital anoda kukurudzira Purofesa Antonio Russi (Teknon Kiron Clinic, Barcelona), mumwe wevanyori vepamusoro veEuropean. Sekureva kwaProfessor Russi, makumi maviri nevashanu vevarwere vanokwanisa kubvisa zvachose chirwere chechirume mushure mekurapwa kwakakodzera.Rega chikumbiro pane webhusaiti yedu uye nyanzvi dzedu dzichaonana newe uye dzichakubatsira kusarudza kiriniki yakanakira maererano nenyaya yako yemahara.

Ongorora:Brain aneurysm kurapwa inzira yekuvhiya inoitwa kana njodzi yekubvaruka kweiyo aneurysm ikave yakanyanyisa. Avhareji kureba kwekugara kune imwe nyika: mavhikiIyo nguva inoshandiswa mukiriniki zvinoenderana nerudzi rwe aneurysm. Ine anexploded aneurysm, iyo nguva yekurapa mushure mekurapwa inowanzo kupfupika pane mushure mekubvaruka.

Ongorora:Kuvhiya kuti ubvise bundu muuropi kunoitwa nenyanzvi yeurosurgeon kuitira kuti isa chikamu kana kubvisa bundu racho zvachose. Avhareji kureba kwekugara kune imwe nyika: Mavhiki matanhatu kusvika masereIzvo zvinoenderana nemhando yekuvhiya, pane zvinodiwa uye nguva yekugadziriswa uye iyo nhanho yekugadzirisa murwere.

Kuongororwa kwekudzivirira kwekurapa kunowanzodaidzwa kuti kuongororwa-kana kuongororwa, kubva kuongororo yechirungu, kuongororwa kwehutano hwemurwere. Kuongororwa kwekurapa kunogona kubatsira kuona matambudziko ehutano pakutanga, kunyange zviratidzo zvisati zvaitika, uye zvakare kusimbisa varwere vari kunetseka nezvehutano hwavo kana vane zviratidzo zvinofungidzira.Kuongororwa kwechivanhu kwakawanda (kuongorora-kumusoro) kunokurudzirwa kuti kuitwe makore ese mashoma. Kunyanya kune avo varwere vakawandisauremu, maitiro akaipa, kana nhoroondo yemhuri yezvirwere zvakadai semwoyo chirwere, kenza, kana chirwere cheshuga. Kuongorora-kunokwanisa kubatsira kuona matambudziko akadai sekukwira kweropa kana chirwere chemoyo chekutanga. Varwere vachakwanisa kuita shanduko dzinodiwa mumararamiro nemaitiro, uye kana zvichidikanwa, tanga kunwa mishonga, uchidzivirira kuwedzerwa kwechirwere.Kune akawanda akasiyana bvunzo uye bvunzo izvo zvinogona kuverengerwa muongororo yekurapa, kusanganisirakuongororwa kweropa, kufungidzira kwekuongorora, bvunzo dzemwoyo uye nevamwe vazhinji. Ongororo dzinogona kusanganisira kuongororwa kweropa kwemamamota ezviratidzo anoona zviratidzo zvekenza masero mumuviri.Kuongorora-inokurudzirwa kune chero munhu anokahadzika pamusoro pehutano hwavo kana vane zviratidzo zvinoda kuongororwa nguva dzose.YakakurudzirwaKuongororwa kwenguva dzose kwekurapa kunokurudzirwa kune vese varwere, kunyanya avo vane njodzi yakakura yekukudziridza zvimwe zvirwere.

Chinhu chekutanga icho varwere nemukadzi wese vanofanirwa kuziva nezvegomarara rezamu (sekuti, zvechokwadi, chero mhando yekenza): nhasi ichi hachisi mutsara, yekutanga nhanho yechirwere, yakakwira mikana yekukunda kenza zvachose. Uye kunyange mumatanho anotevera, kune mikana yakawanda uye yakawanda yekurwisa zvinobudirira chirwere ichi nekuda kwekuuya kwenzira dzemazuva ano dzekurapa (ona pasi apa).Ndiani ari panjodzi? Kenza yemazamu chirwere chinoshungurudza neoplasm iyo inowanikwa mune imwechete mune gumi vakadzi. Kenza yemazamu inogona kucherechedzwa pazera ripi neripi, asi mushure memakore makumi matanhatu nematanhatu, njodziKuumbwa kwemamoriyamu kwakapetwa kakapetwa kashanu kupfuura zera rino. Vanotsvaga vanoona zvinotevera zvinokonzera kukura kwechirwere.1) kuremerwa nhaka: kana hama, kunyanya padumbu revakadzi, vakawanikwa vaine kenza yemazamu, nhengo dzechikadzi, uye zvimwe zvirwere zvekurwara, ipapo njodzi yekurwara nekenza yemazamu inowedzera;2) kutanga kwekuenda kumwedzi (kusvika pamakore gumi nemaviri) uye kunonoka kwekuenda kumwedzi (mushure memakore makumi manomwe nemashanu);3) kusununguka kubereka, kunonoka kuberekwa kwekutanga (mushure memakore makumi matatu), kushomeka kwechibereko kana kuti kwenguva pfupi yekuyamwisa, yepashure yekumuka kwepashure;4) husina kujairika hupenyu hwepabonde;5) kukuvara kwemamary gland;6) kuongororwa kwe "dishormonalmammary gland hyperplasia ”;7) kufutisa;8) kudonhedzwa kwechibereko;9) hormone kutsiva kurapa.Zviratidzo zveCancer Cancer Muchiitiko chekurapa, bundu riri mumamary gland mune akawanda mamiriro ezvinhu anoonekwa nemukadzi kana mukadzi, zvinoitikawo. Bundu rinogona kuwonekwa pakuongororwa nachiremba mammologist, gynecologist, chiremba wekuvhiya, kana kuve netsaona munguva yekuongorora.Zviratidzo zvipi zvinofanirwa kunyevera:    Pamusoro pekunzwa dzidzo pazamu, mukadzi anogona kuona shanduko mumhapa: ulceration, retraction, seeging from the nipple. Iyi inguva yekukumbira chiremba pakarepo.     mune inotevera nhanho chiratidzokukura kushaya simba, kushomeka kwehutano, kukosora, kupfupika kwakanyanya kwekufema, kurwadziwa kwepfupa kunogona kuitika.Mabhachi eKenza Marapirwo Kurapa kenza yemazamu kunoitwa mumatanho akati wandei uchishandisa nzira dzakasiyana siyana. Nhatu nzira huru dzinoshandiswa nhasi:Mushonga antitumor kurapwa.Kune akatiwandei marudzi ekurapa kwakadaro, anoti:* chemotherapy: mune ino kesi, zvinodhaka zvine chinangwa chekuparadzwa kwe tumor cell zvinoshandiswa;* kurapa kwehomoni, iko kuti, kushandiswa kwemishonga inodzvinyirira ihmori chiitiko chechipundu nemuviri;* Kurapwa kwakanangwa inzira itsva, nzira iyo mishonga yacho "yakapiswa" pane chinangwa chemasumbu tumor uye zvakanyanya kukanganisa hutanotishu yemunhu;* Immunotherapy ndiyo nzira itsva kwazvo, iyo nhasi pamakorinendi epasirese oncologists inonzi imwe yedzakanakisa nzira dzinokurudzira nzira dzekurwisa marudzi akasiyana ekenza. Iko kukosha kwe immunotherapy kuri mune chaiyo purogiramu yemaseru ekudzivirira emurwere. Nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwavo chaihwo, vanoshandura kuita chishandiso chine simba chinogona kuziva nekuparadza maseru ekenza chaizvo.Nekuongororwa kwegomarara remazamu, kurapwa kwekuvhiya uye radiation kurapwa kunoshandiswawo.Rega chikumbiro pane webhusaiti yedu uye nyanzvi dzedu dzichaonana newe uye dzichakubatsira kusarudza kiriniki yakanakira maererano nenyaya yako yemahara.

Chemotherapy kurapwa kwakachengetedzwa kwegomarara nemishonga yemakemikari. Chemotherapy inogona kuve chimwe chezvinhu zvinosanganisa kurapa uye inogona kusangana neradiation kurapwa kana kuvhiyiwa kubvisa bundu. Chinangwa che chemotherapy chingangove kuparadza kwakazara kwechirwere chegomarara uye nekudzikira kwekukura uye kubereka kwemasero ane cancer. Kuderedza kukura uye kubereka kwemaseru kunotungamira mukudzikira kwehukuru hwebundu uye nekuvandudzwa muhupenyu hwevarwere uye, mune dzimwe nguva, kunowedzera mikana yekubudirira kwakakwana kubvisa bundu.Yakakurudzirwa    Kurapa kenza     Kenza Hupenyu

Mushure mekunge murwere awanikwa aine kenza inorapa uye abatwa, anoendeswa kucological consultation. Uku kutaurirana nachiremba panguva iyo chirongwa chekurapa chichakurukurwa.Mushure mekunge murwere awanikwa aine kenza inorapa uye abatwa, anoendeswa kucological consultation. Uku kutaurirana nachiremba panguva iyo chirongwa chekurapa chichakurukurwa. Nyanzvi oncologist anozvibata. Iye achakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezvechirwere chako uye nemabatirwo ayo. Nguva yakareba, mhedzisiro, mhinduro dzinotarisirwa, uye zvaunotarisira. Nomuzvarirwo, iwe unogona kubvunza iyo oncologist mibvunzo yako yose.Munguva yekurapa, iwe unobvunzawo wako oncologist, uyo anoongorora kufambira mberi kwekurapa.Yakakurudzirwa    Kenza

Bladder cancer kenza yechina inonyanya kuzivikanwa pakati pevanhurume; mune vakadzi, izvo zvishoma. Sezvo mutemo, bundu rebundu rinokura zvishoma, uye rinogona kunyatsobudirira pasina kuvhiyiwa kukuru. Uyezve, kazhinji kenza yegomarara, njodzi yekukuvarira bundu rinoisa hupenyu mudiki idiki kwazvo. Kutanga kuongororwa uye kuongororwa nguva dzose kwakakosha pakubudirira kwekurapa.Bladder cancer cancerChikwangwani chinowanzozivikanwa chekenza yemabhonzo ndiko kuoneka kweropa mumwena. Dzimwe nguva inogona kuoneka neziso rakashama, asi kazhinji kuvepo kwemasero eropa kunogona chete kuonekwa panguva yakavanzikaurinalysis. Kuonekwa kweropa mumubhino kunogona kuperekedzwa nemanzwiro asiri ekunakisa panguva yekupenda (kazhinji kunotsanangurwa se "kupisa"). Mukuwedzera, kuyera kunogona kuve kwakawanda uye kuchikurumidza kupfuura zvakajairwa. Mumatanho ekutanga echirwere, zvimwe zviratidzo zvisipo. Naizvozvo, kana paine iropa mune urini kana kuti mune yekukanganisa kupinda mukati, kuongororwa kunofanira kutorwa pakarepo. Izvo zvakakosha kuti urangarira kuti izvi zviratidzo hazvireve kuratidza kuvepo kwe bundu - zvinogonawo kukonzerwa nematombo, kuzvimba kweiyo urethra, yakawedzera prostate, nezvimwe. Chero mamiriro ezvinhu, chikonzero cheizvi zviratidzo chinofanira kutanga chanyatsotsanangurwa.SeiUnowanikwa uine kenza yemabhonzo?Kana ropa rikawanikwa mune urini, bvunzo dzinoverengeka dzinofanira kuitwa kusabvisa bundu rechironda. Ichi chirwere ibasa reurology, saka kunyangwe iwe wanga uri kuna chiremba wemhuri, unofanirwa kushanyira urologist. Mushure mekujekesa nhoroondo yekurapa uye kuongororwa kwemuviri, iwe uchafanirwa kuenda nekuwongorora akati wandei, kazhinji usingade kuchipatara.Munguva ye cystoscopy, endrosope yakaonda inoiswa kuburikidza neurethra (urethra) mubhedhuru. Nayo, iwe unokwanisa kunyatsoongorora nzvimbo yemukati yemabheji uye kutarisa tumors kana zvimwe zvirwere. Iwe unogona zvakare kutora sampuli kubva kumadziro.bhebhi (biopsy). Kuongororwa kunoitwa pakarara pasi, pasi peanesthesia yemuno, uye hazvidi kuchipatara. Mushure me cystoscopy, kunzwa kupisa zvishoma panguva yekurumwa kunogoneka, uko kuchapfuura mushure mezuva kana maviri. Kunwa yakawanda yemvura iyi mazuva ano zvinokurudzirwa.CT urography ndeye computed tomography scan panguva iyo musiyano mumiririri akaiswa mukati memuviri uye nekukurumidza inosimbisa mu urethra. Mushure meizvozvi, computer tomography inoratidza mamiriro eitsvo, ureters uye bhudhi. Kana murwere aine chirwere cheasthma kana kuti allergic kune zvinodhaka kana iodini, mishonga yakakosha inofanira kutorwa pamberi penzira yekudzivirira iyo isinganetseke. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive iyo ultrasound uye computed tomographyitsvo hadzi dzakakwanira kupa tsanangudzo inopedza simba uye isingaite yezvikonzero zveropa mumhino.Bladder cancer kurapwaNhanho yekutanga kubvisa bundu. Iyo minwe yakabviswa inotumirwa kuchipatara kuti itarise mhando yebundu uye kudzika kwaro mukati maro mumadziro emabhonzo. Kubviswa kwe bundu (kana resection yayo) kazhinji kunoitika panguva yekuchipatara. Iyo resection inoitwa pasi peanesthesia uchishandisa cystoscope-senge zvishandiso zvakaiswa mukati meiyo urethra (urethra), pasina incways kana kuvhura dumbu. Muzhinji, mushure mekunge bundu raonekwa, murwere anokokwa kuvhiyiwa kwakarongwa. Nekudaro, mune zviitiko apo bundu rinotungamirakugara uchibuda ropa, nekukurumidza kuvhiya kunodiwa. Sezvo mutemo, tumor resection inotungamira kumira kwekubuda ropa. Dzimwe nguva kubviswa kwakakwana kwe bundu hakugone nekuda kwehukuru hwayo kana kudzika kwekupinda mumadziro emabhonzo. Mune zviitiko zvakadaro, biopsy ichaitwa kuti itarise mhando yehuputi uye kudzika kwekupinda kwayo, mushure meizvozvo dzimwe nzira dzekurapa dzichashandiswa. Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, catheter inosara mu bladder kuburikidza ne urethra kwemazuva akati wandei kuti ronda rekuvhiya ripore. Mumazuva ekutanga mushure mekuvhiyiwa, panogona kunge paine kubuda ropa zvishoma kubva pamabhonzo, ayo anofanira kumira zvishoma nezvishoma. Mushure mekubviswa kwe catheterkunzwa kukurumidza uye kupisa, kana kurwadziwa kana uchitsvaga. Kazhinji, kupindira uku ndekwenguva pfupi. Muzhinji, murwere anozokwanisa kudzokera kune zvakajairika kushanda kumba mazuva maviri matatu mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Iyo sarudzo yekuenderera mberi nekurapa inoenderana nemhedzisiro yeye histological kuongororwa (tumor rudzi uye kupenya kwakadzika).Chikamu chechipiri chekurapa chinogona kusanganisira sarudzo nhatu.    Zvepamusoro tumor, kwete kupinda mukati kupfuura inochinja epithelium. Mune ino kesi, kuenderera kurapwa hakudiwi. Pasinei neizvi, maronda akadaro anowanzoitika zvakare, kunyanya mumakore ekutanga mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Neichi chikonzero, kunyanyaIzvo zvakakosha kuti uongororwe nguva dzose mukiriniki yekurapa.     Bundu rakapinda mukati meiyo epithelium inochinja, asi haina kupinda muswe. Mune ino kesi, isu tiri kutaurawo nezve chepamusoro chepundu, asi kuwedzera kurapwa kunodiwa. Semutemo, mishonga yakakosha inoiswa mubhedhuru. Mushonga wakanyanya uye unoshanda anonzi BCG. Chinangwa chayo ndechekuvandudza mhinduro yemuviri yekudzivirira. Cytotoxic zvinodhaka zvinouraya cancer maseru zvinoshandiswawo. Icho chinangwa cheBGG uye zvimwe zvinodhaka ndechekudzivirira tumor kudzokorora mushure mekupamhazve. Iyi kurapwa inokurudzirwazve mune zviitiko zvakadai sekuvapo kweakawanda anoputika tumor.kana kukurumidza kudzosera bundu mwedzi yakati wandei mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Mushonga uyu unopihwa kamwe chete pasvondo kweanenge mavhiki matanhatu, mukiriniki yekurapa, uchishandisa catheter yakaonda iyo inoiswa mubhedhuru. Mushure mekurapa mushonga, murwere anokumbirwa kuti arege kuyama kwemaawa maviri. Murwere anogona kusangana nekunzwa kupisa kana uchitsvaga uye kusanakidzwa kwekunzwa mudumbu rakadzika, zvisinei, vanokurumidza kupfuura.     Bundu rakapinda mukati merimwe musumbu, rakadzika mukati memadziro emabhonzo. Mune ino kesi, resection ye tumor kuburikidza ne urethra haina kukwana. Kazhinji, iwe unofanirwa kubvisa bhebhi rese pamberikuvhura dumbu. Chinangwa chekutanga bhebhi ndechokubvisa zvachose maseru emukenza kubva mumuviri kuti apore.     Mushure mekupamhidzwazve kwebhedhi, kutsiva kunofanirwa kuumbwa kuti kumubvumidze kupuruzira. Pane zvisarudzo zvinoverengeka zvekutsiva izvi:    Urini inopinda yakananga muhombodo yakabatanidzwa kumadziro emudumbu.     Kugadzira imwe muhomwe yekurongedza muhari yemukati (inoda kuiswa kweye catheter kanoverengeka pazuva pazuva kuti uburitse muhomwe yewaini).     Imwe homwe yekurapa muhombodo yemuviri inobvumira yakajairwa yekubaya kuburikidza ne urethra.ZvimwePane kupora kwakazara here?Mhinduro yacho haina kujeka: ehe. Mazhinji maronda ebhedhi ingori bundu repamuromo. Kubviswa kwe bundu kuburikidza ne urethra (dzimwe nguva mubatanidzwa nekuiswa kweCBG mumabheji) kunotungamira mukutsakatika kwayo kwakakwana. Kazhinji, mushure menguva yakati, bundu rinodzokororazve, asi nekugara uchiongorora, unogona kuriona achiri mudanho uye nekubudirira kuriramba. Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kunosanganisira urinalysis, cystoscopy uye computer tomography ye urethra. Nguva yakawanda yafamba kubva pakurapwa kwekupedzisira, zvishoma pane zvaunofanira kuongororwa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti iweuke kuti kuputa kunowedzera njodzi yako.kudzokorora kwe bundu bundu; saka, kana iwe uchiputa, iwe unofanirwa kurega iyi yakaipa tsika.Tumors inopinda zvakadzika mumadziro emabhedhi inogonesa kupora zvizere nerubatsiro rwe resection. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, zvinokwanisika kugadzira imwe bladder iyo inobvumira yakajairwa kukurudzira kuburikidza ne urethra. Nekuda kweizvi, murwere haagone chete kupora zvakakwana, asi zvakare kudzokera kune zvakajairika kushanda izvo zvakajairika kwaari.Rega chikumbiro pane webhusaiti yedu uye nyanzvi dzedu dzichaonana newe uye dzichakubatsira kusarudza kiriniki yakanakira maererano nenyaya yako yemahara.

Prostate cancer kenza yechitatu inonyanya kuzivikanwa pakati pevarume muRussia mushure megomarara remapapu uye cancer yemudumbu. Inowanikwa mune imwe yevarume gumi nemashanu vanopfuura makore makumi mana. Gore roga roga pasi rose, maronda anorwadza eprostate anowanikwa muvanhu vane mamirioni, uye anenge mumwe muzvitatu wavo anofa nekuda kweiyo pathology.Nei kenza yeprostate ichikura?Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti izvi zvinosanganisirwa nekushandurwa kwehormonal kumashure, genetic predisposition, kushaya chikafu zvinovaka uye kukurudzira kwezvimwe zvinhu, iro basa rayo risati ranyatsosimbiswa. Kubva panguva yekutanga cancermasero isati yatanga kukura kwezviratidzo zvinotungamira murume kune kubvunzana nachiremba kazhinji zvinotora makore akati wandei. Neichi chikonzero, kazhinji murwere anoonekwa neanocologist aine asina hanya, yakawedzera tumor iyo yakaoma kuporesa. Pakazara, itsika kusiyanisa ina nhanho dzekenza yeprostate:Nhanho 1 inoratidzwa nehukuru hushoma hwe tumor, kusavapo kwekubatanidzwa kwe lymph node mune pathological process (masero ekenza anogona kusvika ipapo nekuyerera kwe lymph) uye kugara zvakanaka kwemurwere. Sezvo mutemo, panguva ino, kenza yeprostate inoonekwa nemukana - panguva yekurapwa kweimwe chirwere chegland. Hutano hwehupenyu hwomurwere hwanaka,nullnullkubatsirwa kwemaitiro akapfava ekurapa ayo anowedzera hupenyu nekurerutsa kutambudzika kwemurwere, kunyangwe izvo zvisiri kuzobatsira kukunda cancer.Prostate Kenza KurapaMaitiro ekurapa kenza yeprostate achaenda kwete chete pachikamu chechirwere. Rudzi rwe tumor rwakakosha - rwunotemerwa ne biopsy, kutora masampula emapundu akati wandei ndokuawongorora pasi pehomwe. Dzimwe mhando dzekenza - semuenzaniso polymorphic cell carcinoma ye prostate gland - inokonzeresa kukurumidza kukurumidza kukura, kukura kwevamwe kunopindirwa nemahormone. Anologist aripo oncologist anofunga zvese izvi mamiriro, pamwe nemaonero emurwere iye pachake, asati atorachisarudzo pane zvekurapa maitiro.Basa rakakosha rinoitwa nehunyanzvi hwekushandisa mukiriniki. Haisi chakavanzika kuti tekinoroji dzanhasi nemishonga zvinongowanikwa munzvimbo dzekenza yemumba kana vari padanho rekushandisa. Uye nzira dzechinyakare dzakadai sekubviswa kweshangu yeprostate dzinogona kusiyana zvakanyanya, izvo zvinokanganisa kwete chete kubudirira kwekurapwa, asiwo hupenyu hwomurwere.Kuvhiya kurapaIyo Prostate gland inhengo yakakosha, asi murume wechikuru anokwanisa kurarama pasina iyo. Naizvozvo, kana kenza yacho isina kupararira kune nhengo dzepedyo uye nhengo, uye mamiriro emurwere anotenderaoparesheni, oncologist inokurudzira radical prostatectomy kumurume - kubviswa kweprostate. Mune matanho ekutanga echirwere, nzira iyi inokuitisa kuti upore zvakakwana munguva pfupi (kugara muchipatara kunotora anenge mazuva manomwe).Zvichakadaro, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti tiri kutaura pamusoro pekukanganisa kwakanyanya nemuviri, izvo zvinosanganiswa nenjodzi kuhupenyu, uye zvakare zvinotungamira kumimwe mhedzisiro isina kunaka. Nekudaro, varwere vanowanzoona matambudziko nekuromba kwemwedzi yakawanda mushure mekuvhiyiwa, vanopfuura hafu yevarume vanogunun'una nekutsakatika kweerection.Chinhu chakapfava chekurapa kurapwa kwekenza yeprostate ndiko kweparoscopic kuvhiya, mukatiIyo prostate inobviswa kuburikidza neyemukati midiki - angori mamirimita mashoma akareba. Nekudaro, njodzi yekunetseka kwepashure inoderedzwa, uye maitiro pachawo anoshivirirwa nemurwere zviri nyore.CryosurgeryImwe nzira yekuvhiyiwa kwechinyakare inogona kuva yeprostate tumor cryosurgery. Iyi nzira inoshanda mumatanho ekutanga echirwere, apo kenza haisati yapfuura nhengo. Munguva yekushandura, tsono dzakakosha dzinoiswa mukati meProstate kuburikidza nemurwere, mukati mayo inonamigon kana nitrogen inopinda. Kupisa kwakaderera kunoparadza tishu dzemukati, uye chiremba, achishandisa ultrasound, anodzora kuti mhedzisiro yacho haikuvadze nhengo dzinovakidzana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, ironhaufanire kubviswa (nyangwe mabasa ayo achikanganisika). Mumakore achangopfuura, cryosurgery yakawedzera kupihwa kurapwa kukuru kwegomarara reprostate, iro rinokodzera varwere veese mazera.RadiosurgeryImwe yenzvimbo dzepamberi pakurapwa dzinogona kuita kenza yeprostate. Izvo zvinosanganisira kushandiswa kweCyber-Knife system. Iyo nzira ndeye pamusoro pemhedzisiro yeganda rakatarisana neredhiyo pane tumor, inotungamira mukuparadzwa kwayo kwenzvimbo ichichengetedza kutendeka kwematehwe ari padyo. Mukana wakakosha weiyi nzira ndeyekusarwadziwa kwayo zvachose uye kusiri kukuvara: pakarepo mushure mehurongwa, murwere anogona kubva muchipatara.RadiotherapyKana bundu racho riine hutsinye kana kuti rakura kunze kweprostate,uye zvakare mune zviitiko apo murwere asina kusimba pakuvhiya, iyo radiation yekurapa zvishandiso inogona kuve imwe nzira yekukanganisa. Chekutanga pane zvese, ma-X-rays anouraya anokamura masero - uye maseru emukenza anowanzo kukura nekusagadziriswa. Nekudaro, panguva dzechirongwa che radiotherapy, bundu rinoderera, uye mitezo yakakanganiswa nemaseru inorasika "inoshambidzwa".Radiation kurapwa inorayirwa senzira yekurapa zvakasiyana, uye sechiwedzera pakuvhiya: kana kana mushure mekupindira. Tinogona kutaura nezve ese ekunze radiotherapy (kana murwere akarara pasi pe emitter) uye yemukati radiation kurapwa, riinhimawadhi redhiyo anokosha anounzwa mumuviri wemurwere.Kunze radiation kurapwa kunewo yayo mhando. Oncologists vanotsvaga kuderedza zvakakanganisika mhedzisiro ye radiation pane masisitimu emuviri, saka vanoedza kutungamira beam rekuwonekwa kune radior kune bundu zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Ivo vanobatsirwa nemaitiro senge 3D chakavanzika radiation therapy, modured intensity radiation therapy (IMRT), stereotoxic radiation therapy (SBRT), uye proton radiation therapy. Imwe neimwe yenzira idzi ine zvakanakira uye zvisina kunaka. Radiotherapy inowanzo kutungamira mukusagadzikana kwekukanganisa urination uye erectile dysfunction.Yemukati radiation kurapwa (brachytherapy) zvakanyanya kuwedzera mhedzisiro ye radiation nekudzorachinhambwe kubva kunowanikwa maseru ekenza. Iyo radioactive granules inoshandiswa muitiro iine radioactive iodine, palladium uye mamwe makemikari anogona kukanganisa yakatenderedza tishu kwenguva yakareba. Zvichienderana nenzira, aya magirazi anogona kuve mumuviri kwemwedzi yakawanda (inopfuurira brachytherapy) kana chete panguva dzekurapwa (zvenguva pfupi brachytherapy).ChemotherapyChemotherapy inoshandiswa, sekutonga, mumamiriro ezvinhu kana cancer ichinge yazara mumuviri wese, saka unofanirwa kubata nechirwere pasi rese. Zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa kurapa tummentate prostate tumors zvakatemwa mumakosi, zvichitevera mhedzisiro yekurapa nekuvandudza kwemhedzisiro.Chemotherapeutic vamiririri vane maitiro akaipa kwete chete pane kenza, asiwo kune hutano matishu. Naizvozvo, varwere vari kurapwa zvakadaro vanowanzove vaine hutachiona hwekugaya, kushaya simba, kurasikirwa nevhudzi uye chirwere chinotapukira.Kurapa hutachionaMhando iyi yekurapa inoitirwa kurisimudzira kusasimba kwemurwere. Cancer masero ari kunze kwemuviri wedu, asi nekuda kwehunyanzvi hunoshanda mashandiro, ivo vanokwanisa kunzvenga mhinduro yekudzivirira.Kugadzirira kurapa kwekudzivirira kunoitwa mumwe nemumwe - murabhoritari, maseru eropa emurwere "anodzidziswa" kuziva bundu, mozotanga mushonga unopinda mumuviri. Zvine kusuwa, oncologists haasati akwanisa kuwana yakakwirirakushanda kweiyi nzira, nekudaro, kazhinji kazhinji kuno shandiswa seyokubatsira, uyezve mumatanho ekupedzisira echirwere.Hormone kurapwa kweprostate kenzaSezvo kukura kwe tumor kunowanzokonzerwa nekuita kwehomoni dzechirume dzechirume, mumatanho epamberi pekenza yeprostate, vanachiremba vanogona kunyora mishonga inovhara synthesis yezvinhu izvi. Kazhinji isu tiri kutaura pamusoro pehupenyu hwese hutongi hwemishonga yemishonga. Kurapa kwakadaro kunoreva kurasirwa kwachiremba: kuita zvepabonde kunoora kunopesana nekwaakabva. Mukubatana nedzimwe nzira - semuenzaniso, radiotherapy - kutora mahormoni kunogona kutungamira kuchirwere chakakwana kune varwere vari contraindicated mune yakanyanya prostatectomy. Panguva imwe chetekurapwa kudzorerwa kunochinjika - mushure mekubviswa kwezvinodhaka.Idzi nzira dzekurapa dzekenza yeprostate dzakasiyana, uye gore rega rega pane ruzivo nezvenzira nyowani dzinoshanda. Mune mamwe mazwi, pane angangoita asina tariro kana mushonga usina simba rekubatsira murwere. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uwane chiremba anosarudza nzira inoshanda yekurapa. Usaore mwoyo - kukunda kwegomarara kuri zvakanyanya kwauri.Rega chikumbiro pane webhusaiti yedu uye nyanzvi dzedu dzichaonana newe uye dzichakubatsira kusarudza kiriniki yakanakira maererano nenyaya yako yemahara.

nullmamota ese eitsvo anoonekwa pasina nguva, aine yakarongeka ultrasound nekushayikwa kwakakwana kwezviratidzo.Zviratidzo zvechirwere zvino zvave kushomeka.    1. Ropa mune urini (hematuria). Kutaridzika kwake kunogona kungoerekana kwaitika uye ndokufungidzira.     2. Kurwadziwa mumashure uye kuderera kumashure: izvi zvichemo zvinosanganiswa nekutumbuka kwe bundu mumidziyo yepedyo kana kuvharika kwe ureter.     3. Kuisa chisimbiso mudumbu (palpation palpates bundu).     4. Kuwedzera kwekushisa uye kudzvinyirira kweropa (iyo yekupedzisira inogona kukonzerwa nekumanikidza kwemitsipa kana kugadzirwa kwe renin tumor).5. Varicocele.     6. Kupererwa nehuremu, kushaya simba kwakawanda, kushomoka kwemhepo, sweats husiku, uye kuneta zvakanyanya.Nehurombo, kazhinji zviratidzo zvegomarara re itsvo hazviwoneki pakarepo, chirwere chinobuda muchimiro cheasymptomatic kwenguva yakareba. Ndokusaka zvichikosha kuti uongororwe kudzivirira nguva dzose, ita bvunzo dzehutachiona uye utore ropa uye urini kuongororwa.Kuongororwa kwegomarara re itsvoKuongororwa chirwere chegomarara re itsvo kunosanganisira huwandu hwese hwakasiyana hwezvinyoro, izvo zvinokutendera kuti utange kuongororwa kwakanyatsorongeka.   1. Inonyanya kubhadhara nzira yekuziva nzira ndeye ultrasound.    2. Iyo yegoridhe chiyero chekuongororwa kweanowanikwa tumors itsvo komputatomography nemusiyano. Yakatungamirwa tomography inopa mufananidzo wakakwana wechinzvimbo che tumor, kukura kwayo, nhanho yekiriniki uye kukura kwe tumorume mumitezo yepedyo.   3. A urinalysis inoratidza kuvapo kwekusachena kweropa mumhino.   4. Kuongororwa ropa kunokubvumidza kuti uone zvisina kujeka zviratidzo zvechirwere: anemia, yakakwirira manhamba ealkaline phosphatase, urea muropa, nezvimwewo.   5. MRI yekuongororwa kwematumbu eitsvo anoshandiswa kushoma kazhinji kupfuura CT, chiratidzo chikuru chekuita MRI kukanganisa kuita CT.   6. A biopsy yemapundu etsvo inoitirwa kusimbisa chirwere ichi.uye kusarudza imwezve nzira yekurapa. Nehurombo, mune dzimwe nguva, biopsy yehosha yeitsvo haisi-inopinda, nekuda kweichi, chidzidzo ichi chaitwa zvino kashoma.  7. Kuti uone metastases mumapapu nemapfupa ematehwe, chest x-ray uye osteoscintigraphy anoshandiswa.  8. Renal angiography - kuongororwa kweX-ray kune mumiririri akasiyana.Zvichienderana nezviratidziro zvegomarara re itsvo, mamiriro emurwere uye nemhedzisiro yekuongororwa kwekutanga, chiremba anosarudza dzimwe nzira dzekuti aongorore chirwere chegomarara re itsvo kuti iite mufananidzo wakanyanya.Matanho ekenza yemenoKune mana matanho ekenza yemazino ane hunhu hwakasiyana siyananullkana bundu rinopararira kune renal vein / vena cava.     4. Itsvo kenza yemazamu grade 4. Bundu rinosuka muchetura weitsvo.Kurapa kenza yeitsvoKurapa kenza yeitsvo kunoenderana nenzira dzinoverengeka dzinogamuchirwa dzinoshandiswa mumwe nemumwe kana zvakazara. Chiremba arikupinda, zvichienderana nerudzi rwe bundu, nhanho yekiriniki yezera remurwere uye hutano hwakanaka, zvinopesana zviripo nezvimwe zvinhu, anogona kutendeukira kunzira dzakasiyana siyana dzokurapwa. Nzira inoshanda yekurapa chirwere chegomarara ndeyekuvhiya bundu. Radical nephrectomy ndiko kubviswa kwakakwana kweuyo akanganisa itsvo, kazhinji pamwe chete neyezvinotenderera perirenal tishu, lymph node, uye dzimwe nguvaadrenal gland. Kana ukuru hwe bundu risingapfuuri 7 cm, kusarudzika kwetsvo kunoitwa. Pamwe chete neyechinyakare nzira, umo kubviswa kwe itsvo kana rese rese kwaro kuitwa kuburikidza hombe incision, pane laparoscopic imwe. Muchiitiko ichi, bundu rinobviswa kana kuiswazve uchishandisa zviridzwa zvakaiswa mukati mehudumbu kuburikidza nepadiki (2 cm) nzira laparoscopic inosanganiswa neyekudzikira kwekumanikidza. Mukuwedzera, kugadzirisa kwevarwere kunokurumidza. Imwe nzira yekurapa kweanodzora itsvo ndeye cryoablation. Iko kukosha kwenzira ndeyokusunungura bundu nerubatsiro rweyakakosha kiropidhi yakaiswa mukati mebundu. Tumorkuiswa kune imwezve kufungisa uye thawing, iyo pakupedzisira inotungamira kurufu rwekenza maseru. Iyi nzira ndiyo inoshungurudza murwere uye inoratidzwa kana kuvhiyiwa kusingaite, tumor reitsvo mbiri uye bundu reitsvo imwechete. Kurapa kwezvinodhaka (chemotherapy, hormone therapy kana immunotherapy) inodomwa kana chirwere chechipfuva chechipfuo chaonekwa (nhanho 4), kana kuvhiyiwa hakugoneki.Dziviriro Chemukenza KenzaKuti udzivise kenza yemeno, zvakakosha kurega kuputa, kudzora uremu uye kudya zvine hutano (zvine predominance yemichero nemiriwo). Saka, mararamiro ane hutano ndiyo nzira huru yekudzivirira chirwere ichi.

nullvhoriyamu yekukuvara kweiyo larynx. Hoarseness yezwi chiratidzo chekutanga kana iyo carcinoma iri panzvimbo yemazwi emadziro, asi inoonekwa mumatanho anotevera kana achiwanikwa munzvimbo dze supraclad uye subclad zvikamu. Varwere vane sublingual cancer vanowanzove nemhepo kuvhiringidzika uye hoarseness chiratidzo chakajairika mumatanho anotevera. Varwere vane pamusoro-ligamentous cancer inowanzove ne dysphagia; zvimwe zviratidzo zvechirwere ichi kuvharika kwemhepo, otalgia, kukura kwechipundu mumutsipa, inzwi rakanzwika. Varwere vane zviratidzo izvi vanofanirwa kutumirwa nekukurumidza kune isina kunanga laryngoscopy.KuongororaLaryngoscopyKuvhiya endoscopy uyenullnullEndoscopic laser resection uye radiation kurapwa, sekutonga, tendera iwe kuti uchengetedze izwi revarwere. Iko kushandiswa kwekurapa kenza ye laryngeal cancer mumatanho ekutanga ekuvhiya kana radiation kurapwa, sekutonga, zvinoenderana nezvido zvevanachiremba vechipatara chekurapa uye murwere.Mune iwo matanho anotevera enzwi renzira carcinoma, iwo asina simba kana kubatanidzwa mukuita kwerimi; varwere vanoratidzwa chemotherapy kana radiation kurapwa. Kana bundu remurwere rakapararira kupfuura larynx kana kuti rakapinda mu cartilage, laryngectomy inopa yakanyanya kunaka oncological mhedzisiro; laryngectomy inowanzo kuwanda, asi mune zvimwe zviitikoendoscopic laser resection ye tumor kana yakavhurika chikamu laryngectomy inogona kushandiswa. Yakawandisa laryngectomy inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya mumamiriro akaoma kuponesa murwere; zvisinei, dzimwe nguva mumamiriro akadaro, endoscopic resection kana yakavhurika chikamu laryngectomy inogona kushandiswa.Mukutanga matanho e-carcinoma yeiyo supraclavicular larynx, radiation kurapwa kana chikamu chidimbu chehoroma chiri kushanda. Iko kushandiswa kwe laser resection mumatanho ekutanga e squamous cell carcinoma yakaratidza mhedzisiro yakanaka. Kana iyo carcinoma ikaramba ichikura, asi isingakanganisi tambo dzezwi chaidzo, ipapo chikamu chemumhino chakasarudzika chinogona kuitwa kuchengetedza izwi uyesphincter ye glottis. Kana murwere ainewo tambo dzinonzwika, laryngectomy pamusoro peiyo cricoid cartilage kana yakazara laryngectomy inodikanwa, kana zvichinge zvafungwa kuita kurapwa kwekuvhiya. Sezvineiwo nenyaya ye laryngocarcinoma, kazhinji nhanho dzinofambira mberi dzegomarara repamusoro rakatanga kurapwa chemotherapy uye neradiation kurapa. Iyo ligamentous mudunhu ine akapfuma lymphatic network, nekudaro, kutarisisa kwakakosha kunofanirwa kupihwa kunharaunda yemutsipa mune varwere vese vane ligamentous cancer.Iine carcinoma yeiyo yakadzika pharynx, kurapwa kwakangofanana nekenza yecarynx. Mumatanho ekutanga, kukuvara kunowanzo kurapwa cheteradiation kurapwa, kana endoscopic resection seimwe nzira. Nekudaro, mune vazhinji varwere vane submaryngeal cancer, kufambira mberi kunosanganisirwa ne asymptomatic chimiro chechirwere uye chinowanzoitika munharaunda kupararira kuburikidza nelimphhatic system; varwere vakadaro vanorapwa zvakanyanya ne chemotherapy uye radiation therapy, uye nekukurumidza - zvinoenderana nezvinokosha zviratidzo.KugadzirisaKugadzirisa kunogona kudikanwa mushure mekurapa kwese kurapwa. Kazhinji, zvinetso zvakakomba zvinomuka nehurongwa hwekumedza chikafu mushure mekemotherapy kana radiation kurapwa, izvo zvinogona kuda kudzikiswa kweesophagus, mune zvakanyanya kurwara - mapurasitiki e pharynx kana kuiswa kwegastrostomy. Munguva yekuvhiyakupindira kunogona zvakare kukanganisa nzira yekumedza, uye kurapwa kunogona kudikanwa, kusanganisira kuwedzera nzira yekumedza.Kuvhiya, kune rumwe rutivi, kunokanganisa kutaura kwakanyanya. Mushure mekuzara laryngectomy, murwere anofanira kugadzira izwi idzva na:    Esophageal izwi    Esophageal tracheal puncture    E-pahuro (electropharynx)Nese maitiro matatu, kutaura kunoumbwa nekudyidzana kwe pharynx, nyoro, rimi, meno nemiromo.Hwaro hwekuumbwa kwe "esophageal izwi" (pseudo-izwi) ndiko kugadzirwa kwepseudo-izwi pengo mune esophagus uye kukura kwayokuvharwa kwekupokana.Ne tracheoesophageal fistula, vharuvhu inoiswa pakati peiyo trachea uye esophagus kuitira kuti iwedzere kufonerwa. Iko vhezheni inobatsira kupomha mweya mukati meesophagus panguva yekurudziro chiito. Varwere vanozobatsirwa pakugadziriswa kwemuviri, makosi pakubata kwekutaura, vanodzidziswa mitemo yekurapa fistula, uye vese varwere vanonyeverwa nezve njodzi yekuishuvira kwechikafu nemvura.Iyo larynx yemagetsi chishandiso-chinoshandiswa nebhatiri chiri pamusoro pemutsipa. Pasinei nekusanzwisisika kunogadzirwa nekusabatana kwemagariro kana kuchinge kupfekedzwa varwere vazhinji, zviri nyore kubata uye hazvidi kudzidziswa kwakakosha.

nullvazviratidze mumatanho ekutanga echirwere (kunze kwekutenderera).Zvinhu zvakakosha panjodzi zvinosanganisira:     zera repamberi - sekutonga, chirwere chinokura muvakadzi mushure mekuenda kumwedzi, vane makore makumi mashanu kusvika makumi matanhatu (makumi masere pamatanho gumi);      vakadzi vane kutanga kwekuenda kumwedzi (kusvika pamakore gumi nemaviri) uye kunonoka kuenda kumwedzi (mushure memakore makumi mashanu nemashanu);      kuputa      kufutisa      kutora zvinodhaka zvekusabereka uye hormone kutsiva kurapa;      polycystic;      endometriosis (kusapindirana kwakawedzera kwechikonzero chomukati chechibereko);herederal factor (genetic predisposition) - kuvapo kwehama dzepedyo dze ovarian, zamu, kana colorectal cancer.Vakadzi vasina vana uye vasina kumboyamwisa vane njodzi zvakare.Matanga uye mhando dzekenza yemazayaKune mana matanho:    Padanho 1, lesion inowanikwa mune imwe kana ese mairi mazai. Iyo inopfuurira ndeyechokwadi, kurapa kwakanaka, varwere vazhinji vanoenda mukuregererwa kwakasimba vasingadzose chirwere.    Panhanho yechipiri, iyo neoplasm inopararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dze pelvic cavity. Kazhinji, uye panguva ino, fungidziro iyi yakanaka, zvichienderana nehuwandu mumakore mashanu ezerenullzvinoenderana nehukuru hwehosha:    kirasi A (kuderera kwakashata) - bundu rinokura zvishoma, maseru ane madiki anomalies (akasarudzika kwazvo);     kirasi B (zvine mwero malignancy) - inonyanya kutaurwa morphological shanduko mumatumbu masero zvichienzaniswa zvikuru yakasiyaniswa;     kirasi C (yakanyanya kudzvinyirira) - bundu rinokurumidza kukura, mashure-egiredhi maseru.Ovarian Kenza KurapaMusanganiswa kurapa unowanzobatanidza kusangana kweiyo nzira yekuvhiya (kuvhiya) uye chemotherapy.KuvhiyaSemutemo, panguva yekuvhiyiwa kweganda remuvhiya, nhengo dzese mbiri dzakabatanidzwa, iyo fallopian machubhu uye chiberekero, lymph node dziri pedyo uye mitezo yeadipose tishu mumudumbu mucity inobviswa,kune iyo kenza yakapararira.Kana mukadzi mudiki achigona kuona chirwere pakutanga, (panhanho 1), mune dzimwe nguva kupindira kwekuvhiya kunoitwa nekubvisa ovary ne fallopian tube kune rimwe divi. Mukuwedzera kune chokwadi chekuti chinzvimbo chekurapa pakurapa mune ichi chiitiko, izvi zvinokutendera kuti uchengete tariro yemimba.Kuti uderedze kushungurudzika uye mikana yekunetseka, pamwe nezvinangwa zvekurongedza, kuvhiyiwa kwegomarara remazamu kunogona kuitwa uchishandisa iyo Robot da Vinci yakangwara robhoti system.ChemotherapyChemotherapy yekenza yecancer inowanzotemwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa sechikamu chekurapa kwakaomarara. Zvinodhaka zvinowanzotumirwakupinda mutsinga kana zvakananga mudumbu, inosanganisirwa nzira idzi dzinoshandiswawo.Mumatanho anotevera, chemotherapy inogona kusarudzwa senzira huru yekurapa.Radiation kurapwaMune zviitiko zvisingawanzoitika (nekurwadziwa kwakanyanya, kubuda ropa kubva pachibundu), radiation yekunze yekurapa kana brachytherapy (yekumonana neradiation) inosanganisirwa mune yekurapa regimen yekenza yemazamu.Kupora mushure mekurapwaNenzira yakajairika yekudzoreredza, kupora zvakakwana mushure mekurapa kenza ye ovari mune vakadzi kunotora kusvika kumavhiki matanhatu. Kana chiberekera chakabviswa, mukati memavhiki matatu - mashanu zvakakodzera kuti ubve pabonde. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chiremba wako anogona kukupa mahormone uye vitamini D.

Brachytherapy, inonziwo yemukati radiation therapy, inzira yekurapa kenza umo macapiritsi ane radioactive zvinhu anoiswa mumuviri. Iyi nzira yekurapa inodzora mhedzisiro ye radiation pane dzakatenderedza minwe uye nhengo, mukusiyana nekunze radiation, apo isiri chete bundu rinooneswa neradiation.Brachytherapy inoitwa mukutonga kwemakwenzi akakwira kana akaderera, apo ma radioisotopes anotumirwa kwenguva pfupi kana zvakapfuurira (mune yekupedzisira nyaya, zvinhu zvinoradio radio zvinorasikirwa nebasa ravo ivo pachavo). Rudzi rwekurapa runoshandiswa zvinoenderana nerudzi rwekenza uye hunhu hwemurwere wega wega. Yakakura madhesi uye kusindimirwa zvachose kwezvemagetsi zvinoshandiswa, sekutonga, yekenza yeprostate.Yakakurudzirwa- Lung cancer - Kenza yeprostate - Kenza yemazamu - Esophageal cancer - Mukadzi wechikadzi gomarara - Colorectal cancer - Kenza yeganda

Ongorora:Kusimudza kweBrazil inzira inosanganisira kupinza murwere mafuta mumakakanda kuti avape chimiro chakatenderedzwa uye vovaita vakawedzera. Kushandisa mafuta emurwere kunodzora njodzi yekurambwa. Avhareji kureba kwekugara kune imwe nyika: 2 - 3 mavhikiMushure mekuvhiya, haugone kugara, uye nokudaro haugone kubva pamba nekukurumidza. Uye zvakare, iwe unozofanirwa kuenda kumusangano wekutaurirana.

Ongorora:Ruoko ganda kusimbisa, inonziwo brachioplasty, inzira yekuvhiya yekushandura chimiro chemaoko uye kuvapa elasticity. Chiremba anovhiya anogona kushandisa liposuction kuti abvise akawandisa mafuta uye ganda, pamwe nekusimbisa imwe yakasara yeganda.Kunyangwe akawanda makiriniki achipa nzira isingavapindike, mukuvhiyiwa kwechinyakare, chiremba anovhiya anoita chiitiko paruoko kubva pane yakakwira kusvika kumugumo. Sezvo mune iyi kesi vanga rinogara riri mukati me ruoko, kazhinji harisi kuoneka. Kunyange zvakadaro, iyo mibayiro yekushanda yakadaro inofanirwa kuyerwa kana ichienzaniswa nemhedzisiro yayo, kunyanya mavanga. Avhareji kureba kwekugara kune imwe nyika: Vhiki 1Dzimwe nguva murwere anofanirwa kunge ari muchipatara kusvika maiti abviswa. Uyu mubvunzo unofanirwa kujekeswa nachiremba anovhiya. Kufamba kwemhepo kuenda kumba kunogoneka mumazuva manomwe.

Ongorora:Kuwedzeredza mazamu inzira yekuvhiya yekushandura ukuru uye chimiro chemamary gland. Iyo inowanzoitwa uchishandisa zvimisikidzwa zvakaiswa mukati mazamu, asi adipose tishu yekuturika inoshandiswawo. Muchiitiko chechipiri, nerubatsiro rwepiposuction, mafuta anowanikwa kubva mudumbu uye chiuno, uyezve anobva aunzwa mukati memamary gland. Semutemo, kushandurwa kweadipose tishu kunokubvumira kuti uwedzere kukura kwemazamu nehurefu hwemakumi maviri emamirimita (mita imwe). Avhareji kureba kwekugara kune imwe nyika: Vhiki 1

Chii chaunoda kuziva nezvenzira yekuisira yekunyudza Kana iwe ukafunga kuita IVF?Kune vakawanda vakaroorana, IVF ndiyo nzira chete yekuve nemwana wakamirira kwenguva refu. Maitiro akadai ndeechii, akachengeteka, kugadzirira IVF kuri kuenda uye kuchada marii?Hwaro hweiyo IVF maitiroIVF maitirwo emanyowa kunze kwemuviri: mazai nemanyoka anobviswa mumuviri, kupera kwemanyowa kunoitika murabhoritari. Ipapo mazai akaomeswa anoiswa mune incubator kwemazuva mazana matanhatu nemashanu uye mukati mekupatsanura ivo vakasimwa muchibereko.Zviratidzo zvekugadzwaIVF inoratidzwa mune dzakawanda zviitiko zvekusabereka: •pamusoro, kazhinji inowiriraniswa neinobatsira tekinoroji.ICSI - kusimudzira kunoitwa kwemurume kupinda muzai uchishandisa sindano yakatetepa. Kutakurwa kunze kana •marabhoritari mamiriro. Izvo zvinoshandiswa kana kukurudzira kuchikundikana. Inodzivirira mahormone kukurudzira.Yakabatsira hatching ndiyo tekinoroji iyo inogonesa kuisirwa mukati memukati membereko muchibereko. "Embyo yakakomberedzwa nechero danda dete, iro rinoparadzwa risati raiswa.Kugadzirira IVF, kuita maitiro uye kuongorora mushure meIVFKugadzirira IVF kunotora vhiki mbiri neshanu uye kunosanganisira bvunzo kune vaviri vakaroora. Iyo IVF chirongwa inowanzo kusanganisira: •nullKana IVF ikasapa mhedzisiro inodikanwa, vamwe vakaroora vanotendeukira kumasevhisi evanaamai vanovhiyiwa.Mune dzimwe nyika, kubvisisa kwakarambidzwa nemutemo, asi kune nyika dzakaita kuti surrogacy iri kudiwa kukuru, semuKazakhstan.Nhasi muRussia, Kazakhstan uye dzimwe nyika dzeCIS, zvinokwanisika kuita IVF yemahara neanenge chero rudzi rwekusabereka.Rega chikumbiro pane webhusaiti yedu uye nyanzvi dzedu dzichaonana newe uye dzichakubatsira kusarudza kiriniki yakanakira maererano nenyaya yako yemahara.

Kuisirwa mazino chikwangwani chidiki chakakoshwa mugwaya kuti chigadzirise zino rechisikigo. Iyo inoshanda semidzi yezino uye pakupedzisira inonamatira kune pfupa rechisikigo.Kazhinji, chinhu chakamisirwa inoiswa mutsipa uye mukati memwedzi 1.5-6 unotora midzi mukati mawo, wakasangana nawo. Nekudaro, inoporesa isina kuiswa pasi pekumanikidzwa nekuda kwekutsenga, izvo zvinoderedza njodzi yekuisirwa isiri yekurapa. Mushure mekuiswa mukati, chiremba wemazino anoita fungidziro yekutaurisa kugadzira korona, yaachaisa pamusoroimplant uye abutment (yavo yekubatanidza).Zvichienderana nehupamhi hwepfupa renaya uye mamwe mamiriro, iyo nguva pakati pekuiswa kwekuisirwa uye kuiswa kweprosthesis isingaperi mumamiriro ega ega. Mamwe makiriniki anoti mavhiki matanhatu akakwana, mune vamwe vanoisa mazino matsva zuva rega rega vachishandisa zvimisikidzwa zvakadai saStraumann.Iyo yekuisa mazino inogona kushandiswa kuisa rimwe zino kana sechinhu chekuisirwa mukati meiyo dentition yose. Panyaya yemafesi akazara pane mana emamirioni uye mamwe mabhiriji uyemeno ekunyepedzera anobva pane akadzika anoshandiswa prostheses inowanikwa zvichienderana neimwe maitiro, ayo anotsigira iro rose remazino arch (anosvika gumi kana gumi nemaviri emeno).Mazino okuisira anoshandiswa kune varwere vanopotsa mazino avo uye kutsvaga mhinduro yakagadzika, isingaperi iyo ichavatendera kuti vanzwe kuvimba nechitarisiko chavo, pamwe nekukwanisa kudya uye kutaura zvinonakidza.Kazhinji, chinhu chakamisikidzwa chinoiswa mune iyo taya ndokubvumidzwa kupora (uye fuse kusvika kwakanyanyisa kana osseointegrate) pakati pemavhiki matanhatu kusvika kumwedzi mitanhatu.Izvi zvinobvumira iwo kumisikidza kuporesa pasina kupinda pasi pekumanikidzwa kubva mukutsenga uye kunoderedza njodzi yekusundirwa kutadza. Kamwe iko kumisikidza kwakachengeteka, chiremba wemazino anotora fungidziro yemuromo kugadzira korona kuti ugare pamusoro pekuisirwa uye muganho (kubatanidza, pakati pezviviri).Iyo nguva inodikanwa pakati pekuiswa kweiyo yekuisirwa uye kushandiswa kweiyo yekupedzisira prosthesis inogona kusiyana zvakasiyana, zvichienderana nekushomeka kwejazbone uye zvimwe zvinosiyana. Mamwe makiriniki anoti masvondo matanhatu akakwana, uye mamwe makiriniki anopa mazino matsva pazuva vachishandisa masisitimu akadaiInstant Straumann Road mazino emamentso.Iyo yekuisa mazino inogona kushandiswa kutsigira rimwechete zino, asi inogonawo kuve chikamu chekudzoreredza zvakakwana kwemuromo. Sarudzo senge All-4 uye vamwe Implementation-Inotsigirwa Mazino Madhiri uye Ekushandisa-Inotsigirwa Mazino anoshandisa akati wandei akaisirwa mazino ekuisa mazino kuti abate iyo yakazara arch (kusvika gumi kana gumi nemaviri emeno).YakakurudzirwaMazino okuchengetera mazino anokurudzirwa kana paine kurasikirwa kwemazino, kana mhinduro yekusingaperi isingagumi inodiwa inopa murwere kuvimba nekutaridzika kwavo, ichavatendera kuti vadye uye vataure vasingamanikidze.