IPrimus Super Specialty Hospital

Buyekeza:I-Abrasion inqubo yenqubo yesibeleko eyenzelwe ukuxilonga nokwelapha izifo zezitho zomzimba. Umsele womlomo wesibeletho uyahlanjululwa ukuze unikeze ukufinyelela kwesibeletho. Lapho-ke izindonga zesibeletho ziyahlakazwa ngensimbi ye-vacuum. Inqubo ngokuvamile yenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile noma ngokusebenzisa i-sedation ejulile. Isilinganiso sobude bokuhlala phesheya: 1 amasonto

Buyekeza:I-electrocardiogram (ECG) iqoshwa kusetshenziswa ama-electrodes abekwe esikhunjeni. Babamba imibhobho kagesi yemisipha yenhliziyo, ekuvumela ukuthi usethe usayizi wamakamelo ezinhliziyo, imvamisa yezivumelwano zenhliziyo namanye amapharamitha. I-electrocardiogram ingabona ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo okuhlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi isifo senhliziyo, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, inhliziyo, ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo, ama-inhliziyo valve, noma i-pericarditis. Isilinganiso sobude bokuhlala phesheya: 1 - 2 izinsukuUma i-electrocardiogram ingazivezi izifo zenhliziyo ezinkulu, isiguli singandiza ngokushesha ngemuva kwenqubo.

Ukutheleleka kwezifoIsithuthwane, esithinta abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-50 emhlabeni jikelele, sibanga ingxenye enkulu yomthwalo wezifo emhlabeni jikelele. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingxenye yesamba senani lonke elinefomu elisebenzayo lokuxhuzula (okungukuthi, ngokubanjwa okuqhubekayo noma isidingo sokwelashwa) ngesikhathi esinikezwe sisuka kwabangu-4 kuye kwabali-10 kubantu abayi-1000. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yolunye ucwaningo emazweni anengeniso ephansi nephakathi iphakamisa ukuthi le ngxenye iphakeme kakhulu - ukusuka kwabayi-7 kuye kwabali-15 kubantu abayi-1000.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi emhlabeni wonke, isithuthwane sitholakala minyaka yonke ngaphakathiAbantu abayizigidi eziyi-2,4. Emazweni angenayo imali ephezulu, inani lamacala amasha alezi zifo asezingeni eliphakeme labantu liphakathi kwamashumi amathathu kuya kwangama-50 kwabangu-100,000. Emazweni ahola kancane futhi aphakathi nendawo, leli nani lingaphakama kabili.Izinga eliphakeme emazweni anengeniso ephansi naphakathi nendawo kungenzeka ukuthi ahlotshaniswe nengozi eyandayo yezifo ezibangelwa umalaleveva ezifana nomalaleveva kanye ne-neurocysticercosis; ukukhuphuka kwamanani okulimala kwabantu omgwaqo; ukulimala kokubeletha, kanye nokwehluka kwengqalasizinda yezokwelapha, ukutholakala kwezinhlelo zokuvimbela nokunakekelwa kwezempilo okungabizi.nullnullnullnullumuthi, ukuhlinzwa kungasiza.UkuvimbelaIsithuthwane se-Idiopathic asivikeleki. Kodwa-ke, ngezimbangela ezaziwayo zesifo sokuwa kwesibili, izindlela zokuthibela zingathathwa.    Ukuvimbela ukulimala kwekhanda kuyindlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuvimbela ukwanda kwesixakaxaka.     Ukunakekelwa okuphelele kwengqondo kusiza ukunciphisa izehlakalo zesifo sokuwa okuncane ngenxa yokulimala kokubeletha.     Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nezinye izindlela ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba ezinganeni ezinomkhuhlane kunganciphisa amathuba okubanjwa kobunzima.     Ukutheleleka kohlelo lwezinzwa oluyimbangela kuyimbangela evamile yesifo sokuwa ezindaweni ezishisayo laphokunamazwe amaningi athuthukayo. Ukuqedwa kwamagciwane ngaphansi kwalezi zimo nomsebenzi wokufundisa maqondana nokuvimbela ukutheleleka kuyizindlela ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa umthwalo wesifo sokuwa emhlabeni wonke, ngokwesibonelo, isithuthwane ngenxa ye-neurocysticercosis.U-Allhospital angathanda ukuncoma uSolwazi Antonio Russi (Teknon Kiron Clinic, Barcelona), ongomunye wabaholi abaphambili bezokwelapha baseYurophu. NgokukaProfessor Russi, iziguli ezingama-95 kwezingu-100 zikwazi ukuqeda ngokuphelele lesi sifo sokuwa ngemuva kokuthola ukwelashwa okufanele.Shiya isicelo kuwebhusayithi yethu futhi ongoti bethu bazokuthinta bakusize ukhethe umtholampilo ohamba phambili ngokuhambisana necala lakho mahhala.

Buyekeza:Ukwelashwa kweBongo aneurysm inqubo yokuhlinzwa eyenziwa lapho ubungozi bokuqothuka kwe-aneurysm buye buphakeme impela. Isilinganiso sobude bokuhlala phesheya: amavikiIsikhathi esichithwe emtholampilo kuya ngohlobo lwe-aneurysm. Ngama-aneurysm angenayo i-plug, isikhathi sokululama ngemuva kokwelashwa sivame ukufushane kunokuba kuqhume ukukhipha.

Buyekeza:Umsebenzi wokususa isimila sobuchopho wenziwa uchwepheshe we-neurosurgeon ukuze usule ingxenye ethile noma ususe ngokuphelele isimila. Isilinganiso sobude bokuhlala phesheya: Amaviki ayisithupha kuya kwayi-8Kuya ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa, isidingo kanye nesikhathi sokuvuselelwa kanye nenqubo yenqubo yokutakula isiguli.

Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukubheka (isheke) noma ukuhlolwa, kusuka ekuhlolweni kwesiNgisi, ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwempilo yeziguli. Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kungasiza ekuboneni izinkinga zempilo zisencane, noma kungakenzeki ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimpawu, futhi kungaqinisekisa neziguli ezikhathazekile ngempilo yazo noma ezinezimpawu ezisolisayo.Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okujwayelekile (ukuhlolwa) kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe njalo eminyakeni embalwa. Ikakhulu kulezo ziguli ezinokweqileisisindo, imikhuba emibi, noma umlando womndeni wezifo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, umdlavuza noma isifo sikashukela. Ukuhlolwa kungasiza ekuboneni izinkinga ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma isifo senhliziyo sokuqala. Iziguli zizokwazi ukwenza ushintsho oludingekayo endleleni yokuphila nemikhuba, futhi uma kunesidingo, qala ukuthatha imishanguzo, ukuvimbela ukuthuthuka kwezifo okuqhubekayo.Kunezivivinyo eziningi ezahlukahlukene ezingafakwa ohlolweni lwezempilo, kufaka phakathiukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukucabanga ngokuxilonga, ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo nabanye abaningi. Ukuhlolwa kungahle kufake nokuhlolwa kwegazi kwabamaki be-tumor abamaki wezimpawu zamaseli womdlavuza emzimbeni.Ukuhlolwa kunconyelwa noma ngubani onokungabaza ngesimo sempilo yabo noma onezimpawu ezidinga ukubhekwa njalo.InconyelweUkuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwezokwelapha kunconywa kuzo zonke iziguli, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisengozini enkulu yokuba nezifo ezithile.

Into yokuqala iziguli nawo wonke umuntu wesifazane okudingeka ayazi ngomdlavuza webele (njengoba, ngempela, noma uluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza): namuhla lesi akusona isigwebo, isigaba sangaphambi kwesifo, amathuba aphezulu wokuhlula umdlavuza ngokuphelele. Futhi ezigabeni zakamuva, kunamathuba amaningi futhi amaningi okulwa ngempumelelo nesifo sibonga ukuqala kwezindlela zanamuhla zokuguqula izindlela zokwelapha (bheka ngezansi).Ubani osengozini? Umdlavuza webele yi-neoplasm ebabayo eyenzeka cishe koyedwa kwabesifazane abayishumi. Umdlavuza webele ungatholakala kunoma yimuphi ubudala, kepha ngemuva kweminyaka engama-65 yobudala, ubungoziUkwakheka kwesimila kukhuphuke amahlandla ayi-6 kunangaphambilini. Abaphenyi bakhomba izimbangela ezilandelayo zokukhula kwalesi sifo:1) ifa elisindayo: uma izihlobo, ikakhulukazi ohlangothini lukamama, zitholakale zinomdlavuza webele, izitho zangasese zowesifazane, nezinye izifo ze-oncological, khona-ke ingozi yokuthola umdlavuza webele iyanda;2) ukuqala kokuqala kokuya esikhathini (kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-12) kanye nokuqala kwesikhathi kokuya esikhathini (ngemuva kweminyaka engama-55);I-3) ukungazali inzalo, ukuzalwa kokufika sekwedlule isikhathi (ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30), ukuntuleka kokuqunjelwa yisisu noma isikhathi esifushane sokuncelisa ibele, i-postitis ye-mastitis;4) impilo yobulili engajwayelekile;5) ukulimala kwe-gland ye-mammary;6) ukuxilongwa kwe "dishormonalmammary gland hyperplasia ”;7) ukukhuluphala;8) ukungasebenzi kwegilo;9) ukwelashwa esikhundleni se-hormone.Izimpawu zomdlavuza webele Kwezokwelapha, isimila esiswini sezilwane ezincelisayo ezimweni eziningi sitholwa ngowesifazane noma oshade naye, okwenzeka futhi. Isimila singatholakala lapho kuhlolwa udokotela wezifo ezincelisayo, udokotela wezifo zamehlo, udokotela ohlinzayo, noma ukutholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesibalo.Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ziqwashise:    ngaphezu kokuzizwa ngemfundo ebeleni, owesifazane angabona izinguquko ezingalweni: ulceration, retraction, ubona kusukela ingono. Lesi yisikhathi sokubonana nodokotela ngokushesha!     ezigabeni zakamuva umakiubuthakathaka obukhulayo, ukuwohloka kwempilo, ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula kanzima, ubuhlungu bethambo kungenzeka.Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza Webele Ukwelashwa umdlavuza webele kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene. Izindlela ezintathu eziphambili zisetshenziswa namuhla:Umuthi wokwelapha antitumor.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokwelapha okunjalo, okungukuthi:* i-chemotherapy: kulokhu, izidakamizwa ezihlose ekubhujisweni kwamaseli e-tumor ziyasetshenziswa;* Ukwelashwa kwama-hormone, okungukuthi, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezicindezela ukusebenza kwe-hormonal kwesimila kanye nomzimba;* Ukwelapha okuqondisiwe kuyinkomba entsha, indlela lapho izidakamizwa “zibukhali” ngomphumela oqondiwe kumaseli we-tumor futhi kakhulu kuthinta abaphilileizicubu zomuntu;* I-Immunotherapy iyinkomba entsha kakhulu, namuhla ezinhlanganweni zamazwe omhlaba ze-oncologists ibizwa ngokuthi enye yezindlela eziphambili kakhulu nezikhuthazayo zokulwa nezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza. Umongo we-immunotherapy usezinhlelweni ezikhethekile zamaseli omzimba eziguli. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe babo obuhlukile, baphenduka isikhali esinamandla esingabona futhi sibhubhise ngokunembile amaseli womdlavuza.Ngokuxilongwa komdlavuza webele, ukwelashwa okuhlinzwa nokwelashwa ngemisebe nakho kuyasetshenziswa.Shiya isicelo kuwebhusayithi yethu futhi ongoti bethu bazokuthinta bakusize ukhethe umtholampilo ohamba phambili ngokuhambisana necala lakho mahhala.

I-Chemotherapy iyindlela elapha umdlavuza egcina umdlavuza ngezidakamizwa zamakhemikhali. I-Chemotherapy ingaba enye yezakhi zokwelapha ezihlanganiswa futhi ingahlanganiswa nokwelashwa ngemisebe noma ukususwa kwesimila. Umgomo we-chemotherapy kungaba ukubhujiswa ngokuphelele kwesimila somdlavuza kanye nokwehlisa ukukhula nokukhula kwamaseli womdlavuza. Ukwehlisela phansi ukukhula nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwamaseli kuholela ekwehleni kwesibalo kanye nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yempilo yesiguli futhi, kwezinye izimo, kwandisa amathuba okususwa okuphelele kwethumbu.Inconyelwe    Ukwelashwa Umdlavuza     Impilo Yomdlavuza

Ngemuva kokuthi isiguli sitholwe sinesimila somdlavuza bese sitholakala, sidluliselwa ukuba siyobonisana nge-oncological. Le yingxoxo nodokotela lapho kuzoxoxwa ngohlelo lokwelashwa.Ngemuva kokuthi isiguli sitholwe sinesimila somdlavuza bese sitholakala, sidluliselwa ukuba siyobonisana nge-oncological. Le yingxoxo nodokotela lapho kuzoxoxwa ngohlelo lokwelashwa. Isazi se-oncologist sizoyenza. Uzokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi ngesifo sakho nangendlela yaso yokwelashwa. Isikhathi, imiphumela emibi, imiphumela elindelekile, kanye namathemba akho. Ngokwemvelo, ungabuza udokotela oncologist yonke imibuzo yakho.Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, uzobonisana nodokotela wakho we-oncologist, ozoqikelela inqubekela phambili yokwelashwa.Inconyelwe    Umdlavuza

Umdlavuza we-bladder umdlavuza wesine ojwayelekile kakhulu phakathi kwabesilisa; kwabesifazane, kuvame kakhulu. Njengomthetho, isimila sesigaxa sikhula kancane, futhi singalawulwa ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni eziningi zomdlavuza wesinye, ingozi yokuthola isimila esisongela impilo incane kakhulu. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokuhlolwa njalo kubalulekile ukuze uphumelele ekwelashweni.Izimpawu zomdlavuza wesinyeIsibonakaliso esivame kakhulu somdlavuza wesinye ukuvela kwegazi emchameni. Kwesinye isikhathi kungabonakala ngeso elinqunu, kepha imvamisa ubukhona bamangqamuzana egazi bungabonakala kuphela phakathi nokujwayelekileurinalysis. Ukuvela kwegazi kumchamo kungahle kuhambisane nemizwa engathandeki ngenkathi uchama (imvamisa ichazwa ngokuthi “ukushisa”). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuchama kungaba njalo futhi kuphuthumayo kunokujwayelekile. Esikhathini sokuqala kwesifo, ezinye izimpawu azikho. Ngakho-ke, uma kunegazi umchamo noma uma kungaphazamiseka umchamo, ukuhlolwa kufanele kuthathwe ngokushesha. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi zimpawu azivezi ubukhona besimila - zingabangelwa nangamatshe, ukuvuvukala kwe-urethra, i-prostate eyandisiwe, njll. Kunoma ikuphi, imbangela yalezi zimpawu kumele inqunywe ngokuqondile.Kanjaniutholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza wesinye?Uma kutholakala igazi emchamweni, kufanele kwenziwe izivivinyo eziningana ukukhipha isimila sesinye. Lesi sifo yisibopho se-urology, ngakho-ke noma ngabe uye kudokotela womndeni, kufanele uvakashele udokotela oyi-urologist. Ngemuva kokucacisa umlando wezokwelapha kanye nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlole amasheke amaningi angeziwe, ngokuvamile awudingi ukwelashwa esibhedlela.Ngesikhathi se-cystoscopy, i-endoscope emincane ifakwa ngokusebenzisa i-urethra (urethra) esikhwameni. Ngalo, ungabheka ngokucophelela isikhala sangaphakathi sesinye bese ubheka ukuthi kunama-tumors noma ezinye izifo. Ungathatha futhi isampula odongeni.isinye (i-biopsy). Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa elele phansi, ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo, futhi akudingi ukuthi kungeniswe esibhedlela. Ngemuva kwe-cystoscopy, umuzwa ovuthayo omncane ngesikhathi sokuchama kungenzeka, ozodlula ngemuva kosuku noma ezimbili. Ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi kulezi zinsuku kunconywa.I-urography ye-CT is a scan compact tomography scan lapho i-ejenti ehlukile ifakwa emzimbeni futhi igxilike ngokushesha ku-urethra. Ngemuva kwalokhu, i-compact tomography ikhombisa isimo sezinso, i-ureters kanye nesinye. Uma isiguli sinesifo somoya noma i-allergic izidakamizwa noma iodine, kufanele kuthathwe imithi ekhethekile ngaphambi kwenqubo ukuvikela ukusabela komzimba. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-ultrasound ne-compact tomographyizinso akwanele ukunikeza incazelo eqeda futhi engaxakanisi yezimbangela zegazi kumchamo.Ukwelashwa umdlavuza we-bladderIsinyathelo sokuqala ukususa isimila. Izicubu ezisusiwe zithunyelwa elabhoratri ukuthola ukuthi hlobo luni lwesisu kanye nokujula kokungena kwalo odongeni lwesinye. Ukususwa kwesimila (noma ukumiswa kabusha kwaso) kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi esibhedlela. Ukusetshenzelwa kabusha kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia usebenzisa i-cystoscope-efana ne-into efakwa ngokusebenzisa i-urethra (urethra), ngaphandle kokuvuleka noma ukuvula i-patity yesisu. Ezimweni eziningi, ngemuva kokutholakala kwesimila, isiguli simenyelwa ekuhlinzweni okuhleliwe. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni lapho i-tumor iholela khonaukopha okungapheli, kudinga ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo. Njengomthetho, resection tumor iholela ekumisweni kokuphuma kwegazi. Kwesinye isikhathi ukususwa ngokuphelele kwe-tumor akunakwenzeka ngenxa yobukhulu bayo noma ukujula kokungena ngaphakathi odongeni lwesinye. Ezimweni ezinjalo, i-biopsy izokwenziwa ukubheka uhlobo lwesimila nokujula kokungena kwalo, emva kwalokho kuzosetshenziswa ezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, i-catheter izoshiywa esinyeni i-urethra izinsuku eziningana ukuze isilonda sokuhlinzwa singaphola. Ezinsukwini zokuqala ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, kungahle kube nokopha okuncane okuvela esinyeni, okufanele kuyeke kancane kancane. Ngemuva kokususwa kwe-catheterukuzwa kuphuthuma futhi kuvutha, noma kubuhlungu lapho uchama. Imvamisa, lokhu kuphazamiseka kungokwesikhashana. Ezimweni eziningi, isiguli sizokwazi ukubuyela ekhaya sisebenze ngokujwayelekile izinsuku ezingama-2-3 ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Isinqumo sokuqhubeka nokwelashwa kuya ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-histological (uhlobo lwe-tumor nokujula kokungena).Isigaba sesibili sokwelashwa singafaka izindlela ezintathu.    Isimila esigqamile, hhayi ukungena ngaphandle kwe-epithelium yesikhashana. Kulokhu, ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo akudingekile. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izimila ezinjengalezi zivame ukwenzeka futhi, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yokuqala ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Ngalesi sizathu, ikakhulukaziKubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe njalo emtholampilo we-urological.     Isimila singene ngale kwe-epithelium yesikhashana, kodwa asizange singene emsipha. Kulokhu, sikhuluma futhi ngesimila esikhulukazi, kepha kuyadingeka ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo. Njengomthetho, umuthi okhethekile ufakelwa esikhunjeni. Umuthi ovame kakhulu futhi osebenzayo ubizwa nge-BCG. Umgomo wayo ukuthuthukisa impendulo yasendaweni yokuzivikela komzimba. Izidakamizwa ze-Cytotoxic ezibulala amaseli womdlavuza nazo ziyasetshenziswa. Inhloso ye-BCG nezinye izidakamizwa ukuvikela isimila ngemuva kokuphinda sisebenze. Lokhu kwelashwa kuyanconywa ezimweni ezinjengokuba khona kwezimila eziningi ezingeqile.noma ukubuyisa ngokushesha isimila izinyanga eziningana ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Umuthi uphathwa kanye ngeviki cishe amasonto ayisithupha, emtholampilo we-urological, usebenzisa i-catheter emincane efakwa emabeleni. Ngemuva kokuphatha umuthi, isiguli sicelwa ukuba senqabe ukuchama amahora amabili. Isiguli singathola umuzwa ovuthayo lapho uchama kanye nomuzwa ongathandeki esiswini esingezansi, noma kunjalo, zidlula ngokushesha.     Isimila singene emthanjeni, sijule ezindongeni zesinye. Kulesi simo, ukuhlelwa kabusha kwe-tumor nge-urethra akwanele. Imvamisa, udinga ukususa wonke amabhlogo ngaphambiliukuvula isisu sesisu. Umgomo wokuqalwa kabusha kwe-bladder ukususa ngokuphelele amaseli womdlavuza emzimbeni ukuze alulame ngokuphelele.     Ngemuva kokuhlelwa kabusha kwe-bladder, kufanele kudalwe okunye ukufaka esikhundleni sakhe ukumvumela ukuba achame. Kunokukhethwa okuningana kokushintshwa okunjalo:    Umchamo ungena ngqo esikhwameni esinamathiselwe odongeni lwesibeletho.     Ukwakha enye ipokhethi lomchamo emgodini womzimba (kudinga ukwethulwa kwe-catheter kaningana ngosuku ukukhipha ephaketheni umchamo).     Isikhwama somchamo esisemgodini womzimba esivumela ukuchama okujwayelekile ngokusebenzisa i-urethra.MhlawumbeIngabe kukhona ukululama okuphelele?Impendulo ayiveli obala: yebo. Iningi lama-bladder tumors yizimila ezingasho lutho. Ukususwa kwesimila ngokusebenzisa i-urethra (kwesinye isikhathi okuhambisana nokungeniswa kwe-BCG esinyeni) kuholela ekunyamalaleni kwayo ngokuphelele. Imvamisa, ngemuva kwesikhashana, isimila siyabuya, kepha uma usihlola kaninginingi, ungasithola sisencane futhi umelane naso ngempumelelo. Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kufaka i-urinalysis, i-cystoscopy kanye ne-compact tomography ye-urethra. Isikhathi esithe xaxa seludlulile ekwelashweni kokugcina, kuncane kakhulu okudingeka ukuthi uhlolwe. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukhumbule ukuthi ukubhema kukhulisa ubungozi bakho.ukubuyela kwesimila sesinye; ngakho-ke, uma ubhema, kufanele uyeke lo mkhuba omubi.Ama-tumors angena ngokujulile odongeni lwesinye angalapheka ngokuphelele ngosizo lwe-resection yalo. Ezimweni eziningi, kungenzeka ukudala elinye ibhulethi elivumela ukuchama okuvamile nge-urethra. Ngenxa yalokhu, isiguli asikwazi ukululama ngokuphelele, kodwa futhi sibuyele ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile esikujwayele.Shiya isicelo kuwebhusayithi yethu futhi ongoti bethu bazokuthinta bakusize ukhethe umtholampilo ohamba phambili ngokuhambisana necala lakho mahhala.

Umdlavuza we-Prostate ngumdlavuza wesithathu ovame kakhulu kwabesilisa eRussia ngemuva komdlavuza wamaphaphu nomdlavuza wesisu. Kutholakala kowesilisa oyedwa nanhlanu ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40. Minyaka yonke emhlabeni, kutholakala isimungumungwane esinyumba kubantu, futhi cishe oyedwa kwabathathu uyafa ngenxa yalesi sifo.Kungani umdlavuza wendlala yesinye ukhula?Kuyaziwa ukuthi lokhu kuhlotshaniswa nezinguquko ngemuva kwesizinda se-hormonal, ukubekeka phambili kofuzo, ukungondleki kanye nethonya lezinye izinto, iqhaza elingakaqalwa ngokuphelele. Kusukela ngesikhathi umdlavuza wokuqalaamaseli ngaphambi kokukhula kwezimpawu eziholela owesilisa ekubonisaneni nodokotela ngokuvamile kuthatha iminyaka eminingana. Ngalesi sizathu, kaningi isiguli sibonwa yi-oncologist ene-tumor enganakwa, ekhula ngokweqile okunzima ukuyelapha. Sekukonke, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa izigaba ezine zomdlavuza wendlala yesinye:Isigaba 1 sibonisa ngosayizi omncane wesimila, ukungabandakanywa kokubandakanyeka kwama-lymph node enqubweni ye-pathological (amangqamuzana omdlavuza angafika lapho ngokugeleza kwe-lymph) nenhlala kahle yesiguli. Njengomthetho, kulesi sigaba, umdlavuza we-Prostate utholwa ngengozi - ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwesinye isifo se-gland. Isiphetho sempilo yeziguli siyathandeka,nullnullizinzuzo zokwelapha ezithambile ezelula impilo futhi zidambise ukuhlupheka kwesiguli, yize zingeke zisize ukunqoba umdlavuza.Izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza we-ProstateUkuthi ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-Prostate kuzokuya kanjani hhayi esigabeni sesifo. Uhlobo lwesimila lubalulekile - lunqunywa yi-biopsy, ukuthatha amasampula ambalwa wezicubu bese luwahlola ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza - ngokwesibonelo i-polymorphic cell carcinoma ye-Prostate gland - zithambekele ekukhuleni ngamandla okunamandla, ukuthuthuka kwabanye kuthonywa ama-hormone. U-oncologist onolwazi unaka zonke lezi zimo, kanye nombono wesiguli ngokwakhe, ngaphambi kokuthathaisinqumo ngamasu wezokwelapha.Indima ebalulekile idlalwa yimishini yezobuchwepheshe yomtholampilo. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi ubuchwepheshe abaningi besimanje nemithi bamane nje abatholakali ezikhungweni zomdlavuza wasekhaya noma basesigabeni sokuqalisa. Futhi izindlela ezinjengalezi njengokususwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-prostate zingahluka kakhulu, okuthinta hhayi kuphela impumelelo yokwelashwa, kodwa nekhwalithi yempilo yesiguli.Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwaI-Prostate gland iyisitho esibalulekile, kepha owesilisa osekhulile uyakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwawo. Ngakho-ke, uma umdlavuza ungakaze usabalale ezithweni nasezicubu zomakhelwane, futhi isimo sesiguli siyawuvumelaimisebenzi, i-oncologist izoncoma i-prostatectomy ethandekayo endodeni - ukususwa kwe-prostate. Ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo, le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ululame ngokugcwele ngesikhathi esifushane (ukuhlala esibhedlela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-7).Okwamanje, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi sikhuluma ngokugxambukela okukhulu komzimba, okuthwala ingozi empilweni, futhi okuholela emiphumeleni emibi ethile. Ngakho-ke, iziguli zivame ukuba nezinkinga ngokuchama izinyanga eziningi ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ngaphezu kwengxenye yamadoda ikhononda ngokunyamalala kwendalo.Inketho emnene yokwelashwa kokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wendlala yesibeletho ukuhlinzwa kwe-laparoscopic, kuyoI-Prostate isuswa ngokuhlangana okuncane - nje ngamamilimitha ambalwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, ubungozi bezinkinga ezi-postoperative ziyancishiswa, futhi nenqubo uqobo ibekezelelwa kalula yisiguli.I-CryosurgeryEnye indlela yokuhlinzwa kwendabuko kungaba yi-prostate tumor cryosurgery. Le ndlela iyasebenza ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo, lapho umdlavuza ungakabi ngaphezu kwesitho. Ngesikhathi sokukhwabanisa, isiguli sifakwa ngaphakathi kwe-prostate ngezinaliti ezikhethekile lapho kungena khona i-argon noma i-nitrogen. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi libhubhisa izicubu zesikhumba, futhi udokotela, esebenzisa i-ultrasound, ulawula ukuthi umphumela awulimazi izitho zomakhelwane. Ngenxa yalokho, insimbiakudingeki ukuthi asuswe (yize imisebenzi yawo yephulwa ngokungenakuphikwa). Eminyakeni yamuva, i-cryosurgery iye yanikezwa ngokwengeziwe njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko komdlavuza we-Prostate, ofanele iziguli zeminyaka yonke.ImisakazoEnye yezindawo ezihamba phambili yokwelashwa okwelashwa umdlavuza wendlala yesinye. Kubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lweCyber-Knife. Le ndlela isuselwa kumphumela webhulaku egxiliwe wemisebe ku-tumor, okuholela ekubhujisweni kwayo kwasendaweni ngenkathi igcina ubuqotho bezicubu eziseduze. Inzuzo ebalulekile yendlela ukungabi nabuhlungu ngokuphelele nokungalimazi: ngokushesha ngemuva kwenqubo, isiguli singaphuma esibhedlela.I-RadiotherapyUma isimila sinolaka noma sikhule ngaphandle kwendlala,futhi nasezimweni lapho isiguli sibuthakathaka kakhulu ukuba sihlinzwe, imishini yokwelapha ngemisebe ingaba ngenye indlela ye-scalpel. Okokuqala, ama-X-ray abulala amaseli ahlukanisa ngokushesha - futhi amaseli womdlavuza athambekele ekukhuleni okungalawulwa. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi seseshini ye-radiotherapy, isimila siyancipha, nezicubu ezithintwe amaseli anobuthi “ziyahlanzwa”.Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuchazwa njengendlela ehlukile yokwelashwa, futhi njengesengezo ekusebenzeni: ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokungenelela. Singakhuluma ngazo zombili i-radiotherapy yangaphandle (lapho isiguli silele ngaphansi kwe-emitter) nangokwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphakathi, ninikungeniswa imisakazo ekhethekile yomsakazo emzimbeni wesiguli.Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphandle nakho kunezinhlobo zazo. Ama-Oncologists afuna ukunciphisa umphumela olimazayo wemisebe ezicutshini zomzimba, ngakho-ke azama ukuqondisa ukushisa kwemisebe ku-tumor ngokunemba ngangokunokwenzeka. Basizwa ngezindlela ezinjenge-3D eyimfihlo yokwelashwa ngemisebe, i-modised intensity radiation therapy (IMRT), i-stereotoxic radiation therapy (SBRT), ne-proton radiation therapy. Enye yalezi zindlela inezinzuzo nobubi. I-Radiotherapy imvamisa iholela ekuphazamisekeni kokuchama nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile.Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphakathi (brachytherapy) kukhulisa kakhulu umphumela wemisebe ngokunciphisaibanga ukusuka emthonjeni kuya kumaseli womdlavuza. Ama-granules omsakazo asetshenziselwa inqubo aqukethe iodine e-radioactive, i-palladium namanye amakhemikhali angathinta izicubu eziseduze isikhathi eside. Ngokuya ngokwendlela, la magremu angaba semzimbeni izinyanga eziningi (i-brachytherapy eqhubekayo) noma kuphela ngesikhathi sokulashwa (i-brachytherapy yesikhashana).I-ChemotherapyI-Chemotherapy isetshenziswa, njengomthetho, ezimweni lapho umdlavuza usakaze emzimbeni wonke, ngakho-ke udinga ukubhekana nalesi sifo emhlabeni jikelele. Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ama-tumite ama-Prostate ama-tumite zinqunywa ezifundweni, kulandela imiphumela yokwelashwa kanye nokwenziwa kwemiphumela emibi.Ama-chemotherapeutic agents anomthelela omubi hhayi kumdlavuza kuphela, kodwa nakwezicubu ezinempilo. Ngakho-ke, iziguli ezithola ukwelashwa okunjalo zivame ukuba nezinkinga zokugaya ukudla, ubuthakathaka, ukushiswa kwezinwele nezifo ezithathelanayo.Ukwelashwa komzimbaLolu hlobo lokwelashwa luhlose ukwenza ukuthi umzimba ungaguli. Amangqamuzana omdlavuza awaziwa emzimbeni wethu, kepha ngenxa yezindlela ezikhethekile eziguquguqukayo, ayakwazi ukugwema impendulo yomzimba.Amalungiselelo okwelapha amasosha omzimba enziwa wodwa - elabhorethri, amaseli egazi "aqeqeshelwe" ukuqaphela isimila, bese kuthi umuthi wokugoma owethulwe emzimbeni wethulwe emzimbeni. Ngeshwa, ama-oncologists awakakwazanga ukuzuza okuphezuluukusebenza kwale ndlela, ngakho-ke, kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengezokusiza, kanye nasezigabeni zokugcina zalesi sifo.Ukwelashwa kweHormone ngomdlavuza wendlala yesinyeNjengoba ukukhula kwe-tumor kuvame ukubangelwa isenzo sama-hormone ubulili besilisa, ezigabeni ezithuthukile zomdlavuza we-Prostate, odokotela bangakunikeza imithi evimba ukwakheka kwalezi zinto. Imvamisa sikhuluma ngokuphathwa impilo yonke kwemithi. Ukuphathwa okunjalo kusho ukuthunyelwa kwezokwelapha: umsebenzi wobulili wehla ngokubhekisele emuva kwasemuva kwawo. Ngokuhambisana nezinye izindlela - ngokwesibonelo, i-radiotherapy - ukuthatha ama-hormone kungaholela ekwelashweni okugcwele kweziguli ezifakwe ku-radical prostatectomy. Ngasikhathi sinyeukuthunyelwa kwezokwelapha kuguqulwa emuva - ngemuva kokuhoxiswa kwezidakamizwa.Izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza we-Prostate ziyahlukahluka, futhi njalo ngonyaka kuba nemininingwane ngezindlela ezintsha ezisebenzayo. Ngamanye amagama, cishe awekho amacala angenathemba lapho umuthi ungenamandla okusiza isiguli. Kubalulekile ukuthola udokotela okhetha iqhinga elisebenzayo lokwelapha. Ungalahli ithemba - ukunqoba umdlavuza kukuwe ikakhulukazi.Shiya isicelo kuwebhusayithi yethu futhi ongoti bethu bazokuthinta bakusize ukhethe umtholampilo ohamba phambili ngokuhambisana necala lakho mahhala.

nullwonke amathumbu ezinso atholakala ngokungahleliwe, ene-ultrasound ehleliwe ngokungabikho ngokuphelele kwezimpawu.Izimpawu zokuphila kwalesi sifo manje sezijwayelekile.    1. Igazi emchameni (i-hematuria). Ukuvela kwakhe kungazelelwe futhi kube nephrofayili.     2. Ubuhlungu emuva nangemuva eliphansi: lezi zikhalazo zihambisana nokuqhuma kwesimila ezithweni eziseduze noma ukuphuma kwe-ureter.     3. Ukuhlangana esiswini (palpation palpates tumor).     4. Ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa nomfutho wegazi (lokhu okugcina kungabangelwa ukucindezelwa kwemithambo yemithambo noma ukukhiqizwa kwe-renin tumor).5. I-Varicocele.     6. Ukwehla kwesisindo, ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile, i-anemia, ukujuluka kobusuku nokukhathala ngokweqile.Ngeshwa, imvamisa izimpawu zomdlavuza wezinso zingaveli ngokushesha, lesi sifo siqhubeka ngesimo isikhathi eside. Kungakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uvivinyelwe njalo, wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound bese uhlola igazi nomchamo.Ukuxilongwa umdlavuza wezinsoUkuxilongwa komdlavuza wezinso kufaka uhla lonke lokukhwabanisa okuhlukile, okukuvumela ukuthi uthole ukutholakala kwesifo ngokunemba okuphelele.   1. Indlela ebiza kakhulu yokuxilonga i-ultrasound.    2. Izinga legolide lokuxilongwa kwama-tumors ezinso yikhompyuthaTomogra Ngokuphambene. I-tomography ehlanganisiwe inikeza isithombe esiphelele sesikhundla se-tumor, ubukhulu baso, isigaba sasemtholampilo nokukhula kwe-tumor kwizitho eziseduze.   3. Ukuhlolwa kwe-urinalysis kuveza ukuba khona kokungcola kwegazi emchanjeni.   4. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukuvumela ukukhomba izimpawu eziqondile zesifo: i-anemia, amazinga aphakeme we-alkaline phosphatase, urea esegazini, njll.   5. I-MRI yokuxilongwa kwama-tumors ezinso isetshenziswa kancane kune-CT, isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokwenza i-MRI ukungqubuzana nokwenza i-CT.   6. I-biopsy yamathumbu ezinso yenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwale sifo.kanye nokuthola amanye amaqhinga wokwelashwa. Ngeshwa, kwezinye izimo, i-biopsy yesimila sezinso ayisihlaseli, ngenxa yalesi sizathu lolu cwaningo manje alwenziwa kaningi.  7. Ukunquma i-metastases emaphashini nasemathanjeni esinqe, isifuba x-ray ne-osteoscintigraphy kuyasetshenziswa.  8. I-angiography yeRenal - ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray nge-ejenti ehlukile.Ngokusekelwe kuluphi ukubonakaliswa komdlavuza wezinso, isimo sesiguli kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuqala, udokotela ukhetha izindlela ezithile zokuxilonga umdlavuza wezinso ukwakha isithombe esihlose kakhulu.Izigaba zomdlavuza wezinsoKunezigaba ezi-4 zomdlavuza wezinso obonakala ngezindlela ezahlukahlukenenullnoma isimila sisabalalela ku-renal vein / vena cava.     4. Ibanga lomdlavuza wezinso. Isimila sihluma ikhompiyutha yezinso.Ukwelashwa umdlavuza wezinsoUkwelashwa ngomdlavuza wezinso kususelwa ezindleleni eziningana ezamukelwa ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa ngazinye noma ngokuphelele. Udokotela ohambelayo, ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwesimila, esigabeni somtholampilo sobudala nenhlala-kahle yesiguli, ukuphikisana okukhona nezinye izinto, angaguqukela ezindleleni ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa. Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokwelapha umdlavuza wezinso kukususa isimila. I-radical nephrectomy ukususwa okuphelele kwezinso ezithintekile, imvamisa kuhlangene nezicubu ezizungezile ze-perirenal, ama-lymph node, futhi ngezinye izikhathii-adrenal gland. Uma usayizi wesimila ungeqi ku-7 cm, kwenziwa ingxenye ethile yezinso. Kanye nendlela yendabuko, lapho kususwa khona izinso noma ukusetshenziselwa kabusha kwayo ngokwenza i-incision enkulu, kune-laparoscopic eyodwa. Kulesi simo, isimila sisuswa noma siphinde senziwe kusetshenziswa amathuluzi akhethekile afakwe kwisisu esiswini ngokuhlangana okuncane (2 cm). Indlela ye-laparoscopic ihlotshaniswa nemvamisa ephansi yezinkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvuselelwa kweziguli kushesha. Enye indlela yokwelapha isimila sezinso i-cryoablation. Umnyombo wendlela ukukhulula isimila ngosizo lwekristalu elikhethekile elifakwe esiswini. Tumorkufakwa ngaphansi kweqhwa elinye futhi kuncibilika, okugcina kuholele ekufeni kwamaseli womdlavuza. Le ndlela iyisigameko esibuhlungu kakhulu esigulini futhi siyakhonjiswa lapho ukuhlinzwa kungeke kwenzeke, ukuqubuka kwezinso zombili kanye nesimila seso sodwa. Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa (i-chemotherapy, i-hormone therapy noma i-immunotherapy) kunqunywa uma kutholakala ukuthi kunomdlavuza wezinso osezingeni eliphezulu (isigaba 4), lapho ukuhlinzwa kungeke kwenzeke.Ukuvimbela Umdlavuza WezinsoUkuvimbela umdlavuza wezinso, kubalulekile ukuyeka ukubhema, ukulawula isisindo nokudla ukudla okulinganiselayo (nge-predominance yezithelo nemifino). Ngakho-ke, indlela yokuphila enempilo iyindlela esemqoka yokuvikela lesi sifo.

nullumthamo womonakalo ku-larynx. I-Hoarseness yezwi iyisibonakaliso sokuqala lapho i-carcinoma isemafolda e-vocal, kodwa ivela ezigabeni zakamuva lapho zitholwa endaweni ngezigaba ze-supraclad kanye ne-subclad. Iziguli ezinomdlavuza ongaphansi kwesinye isikhathi zivame ukuba ne-airway barriers futhi i-hoarseness iwuphawu olujwayelekile ezigabeni zakamuva. Iziguli ezinomdlavuza ongaphezulu kwe-ligamentous zivame ukuba ne-dysphagia; Ezinye izinkomba zokuphila kwalesi sifo ukuthinteka komoya, i-otalgia, ukuthuthukiswa kwesimila entanyeni, izwi elixakile. Iziguli ezinalezi zimpawu kufanele zithunyelwe ngokushesha nge-laryngoscopy engaqondile.UkuxilongaI-LaryngoscopyI-Endoscopy yokuhlinza kanyenullnullI-Endoscopic laser resection kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe, njengomthetho, kukuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze izwi leziguli. Ukusetshenziswa ekwelashweni komdlavuza we-laryngeal ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe, njengomthetho, kuya ngokuthandwa ngabodokotela besikhungo eselaphekayo nesiguli.Ezigabeni zakamuva ze-vocal fold carcinoma, zifakwa emzimbeni noma zibambe iqhaza enqubweni yolimi; iziguli zikhonjiswa i-chemotherapy noma i-radiation therapy. Uma isimila sesiguli sisabalale ngaphezu kwe-larynx noma singene ku-cartilage, i-laryngectomy inikela ngemiphumela emihle kakhulu ye-oncological; I-laryngectomy imvamisa kakhulu, kepha kwezinye izimoi-endoscopic laser resection of the tumor noma i-laryngectomy evulekile engasetshenziswa. I-laryngectomy ebanzi nayo isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimweni ezinzima ukusindisa isiguli; kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi ezimeni ezinjalo, i-endoscopic resection noma i-laryngectomy evulekile engasetshenziswa.Ezigabeni zokuqala ze-carcinoma ze-supraclavicular larynx, ukwelashwa ngemisebe noma ukuhlelwa kabusha kwengxenye ye-larynx kuyasebenza. Ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwe-laser ezigabeni zokuqala ze-squamous cell carcinoma kukhombisile imiphumela emihle impela. Uma i-carcinoma iqhubeka nokukhula, kepha ingathinti izintambo zangempela zezwi, khona-ke i-laryngectomy yokwahlulela kwempumulo ingenziwa ukugcina izwii-sphincter ye-glottis. Uma isiguli sinezintambo zezwi, i-laryngectomy ngaphezulu kwe-cricoid cartilage noma i-laryngectomy ephelele iyadingeka, uma kunqunywe ukwenza ukwelashwa okuhlinzwa. Njengasesimweni se-laryngocarcinoma, iningi lezigaba eziqhubekayo zomdlavuza wesupermucosal ekuqaleni ziphathwa nge-chemotherapy ne-radiation therapy. Isifunda se-ligamentous sinethiwekhi ecebile yama-lymphatic, ngakho-ke, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kunikezwe esifundeni sentamo kuzo zonke iziguli ezinomdlavuza we-ligamentous.Nge-carcinoma ye-pharynx engezansi, ukwelashwa kuyafana nomdlavuza we-larynx. Esikhathini sokuqala, umonakalo uvame ukuphathwa kuphelaUkwelashwa ngemisebe, noma ukubuyiselwa emuva njengenye indlela. Kodwa-ke, ezigulini eziningi ezinomdlavuza we-submaryngeal, inqubekela phambili ihlotshaniswa nemvelo yesifo asymptomatic kanye nokusakazeka kwasendaweni kwasendaweni ngohlelo lwe-lymphatic; iziguli ezinjalo ziphathwa kakhulu nge-chemotherapy ne-radiation therapy, futhi ngokushesha - ngokwezinkomba ezibalulekile.Ukuvuselelwa kabushaUkuvuselelwa kungadingeka emuva kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokwelashwa. Imvamisa, kuphakama ubunzima obukhulu ngenqubo yokugwinya ukudla ngemuva kokuthola i-chemotherapy noma i-radiation therapy, okungadinga ukuncishiswa kwe-esophagus, ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu - ipulasitiki ye-pharynx noma ukufakwa kwe-gastrostomy. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwaukungenelela kungaphazamisa futhi inqubo yokugwinya, futhi ukwelashwa kungadingeka, kufaka phakathi ukwanda kwezindlela zokugwinya.Ukuhlinzwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuthinta ukukhuluma kakhulu. Ngemuva kwe-laryngectomy ephelele, isiguli sidinga ukudala izwi elisha ngo:    Izwi le-Esophageal    I-Esophageal punchingal punching    Umphimbo (i-electropharynx)Ngazo zontathu izindlela, inkulumo yakhiwa ngokuhlanganyela kwe-pharynx, ulwanga oluthambile, ulimi, amazinyo nezindebe.Isisekelo sokwakheka kwegama elithi “esophageal izwi” (izwi le-pseudo-izwi) ukudala igebe lezwi le-pseudo-esophagus kanye nokukhula kwaloukuvalwa ngokungenangqondo.Nge-tracheoesophageal fistula, kufakwa i-valve phakathi kwe-trachea ne-esophagus ukuze kuthuthukiswe umsindo. I-valve isiza ukupompa umoya ungene esophagus ngesikhathi sesenzo sokuphefumlelwa. Iziguli zivuselelwa ngokomzimba, ngezifundo zamasu okukhuluma, zifundiswa imithetho yokuphatha i-fistula, futhi zonke iziguli zixwayiswa ngengozi yokufiswa ukudla namanzi.I-larynx kagesi iyithuluzi elinamandla ebhethri elitholakala ngaphezu kwentamo. Naphezu kobuhlungu obudalwa yisihlava senhlalo lapho sigqokwa iziguli eziningi, kulula ukusisingatha futhi asidingi ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile.

nullziveze ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo (ngaphandle kwesifo sokuwa).Izici ezibalulekile zobungozi zibandakanya:     ukukhula ngeminyaka - njengomthetho, lesi sifo sikhula kubantu besifazane ngemuva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, iminyaka yobudala engama-50 kuye kwayi-60 (amacala ayi-8 kwangu-10);      abesifazane abaqala ukuya esikhathini (ukuya kufinyelela eminyakeni eyi-12) kanye nokuya esikhathini (ngemuva kweminyaka engama-52);      ukubhema      ukukhuluphala      ukuthatha izidakamizwa zokulimaza inzalo kanye nokwelashwa esikhundleni se-hormone;      i-polycystic;      i-endometriosis (ukunwetshwa okungajwayelekile kokufakwa kwangaphakathi kwesibeletho);i-herederals factor (genetic predisposition) - ukuba khona kwezihlobo eziseduze zomdlavuza we-ovarian, ibele noma umdlavuza we-colorectal.Abesifazane abangenazo izingane futhi abangakaze bancelise amabele nabo basengozini.Izigaba kanye nezinhlobo zomdlavuza we-ovarianKunezigaba ezi-4:    Esigabeni 1, i-lesion itholakala endaweni eyodwa noma kuwo wonke amaqanda. Isifo sokuqaqamba kwesifo siyabonakala, ikhambi likhona, iziguli eziningi ziya ekuxolelweni okuzinzile ngaphandle kokubuyisa lesi sifo.    Esigabeni sesibili, i-neoplasm isakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomgogodla we-pelvic. Ngokuvamile, nakulesi sigaba, isibikezelo sinhle, ngokwezibalo ezisebangeni leminyaka emihlanunullngokuya ngezinga lokulimala:    isigaba A (ukulimala okuphansi) - isimila esikhula kancane, amaseli ane-anomalies amancane (ahlukaniswe kakhulu);     isigaba B (ukulimala okulinganiselwe) - izinguquko ezishiwo ngokwengeziwe zokuziphatha kumaseli wesimila kuqhathaniswa nokwehlukaniswe kakhulu;     iklasi C (ukulimala okuphezulu) - isimila esikhula ngokushesha, amangqamuzana aphansi.Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza OvarianUkwelapha okuhlanganisa kuvame ukufaka inhlanganisela yendlela yokuhlinzwa (ukuhlinzwa) kanye ne-chemotherapy.UkuhlinzwaNjengomthetho, ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa komdlavuza we-ovary, zombili izitho ezigoqiwe, amashubhu we-fallopian nesibeletho, ama-lymph node asondele kanye namaqhubu izicubu ze-adipose emgodini wesisu asuswe,umdlavuza usakazekele kuwo.Uma intokazi ingasithola lesi sifo ekuqaleni (esiteji 1), kwezinye izimo ukungenelela okumnene kwenziwa ngokususa ishubhu le-ovari ne-fallopian ohlangothini olulodwa. Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-prognosis yokwelapha kuleli cala lihle, lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine ithemba lokukhulelwa.Ukwehlisa ubunzima kanye nobunzima bezinkinga, kanye nezinhloso zokugcoba, ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamathambo kungenziwa kusetshenziswa uhlelo lweRobot da Vinci oluhlelekile.I-ChemotherapyI-Chemotherapy yomdlavuza we-ovary ivame ukubekwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa njengengxenye yokwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Izidakamizwa zivame ukuphathwaemthanjeni noma ngqo emgodini wesisu, inhlanganisela yalezi zindlela nayo iyasetshenziswa.Ezigabeni zakamuva, i-chemotherapy ingakhethwa njengeyona ndlela eyinhloko yokwelapha.Ukwelashwa ngemisebeEzimweni ezingavamile (ezinobuhlungu obukhulu, ukopha okuvela esiswini), ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphandle noma i-brachytherapy (imisebe yokuxhumana) kufakwa ohlelweni lokwelapha umdlavuza we-ovary.Ukubuyiselwa emuva kokulashwaNgenkambo ejwayelekile yokuvuselela umzimba, ukululama okugcwele ngemuva kokwelashwa komdlavuza we-ovary kwabesifazane kuthatha amasonto angama-6. Uma isibeletho sikhishiwe, kungakapheli amasonto angama-3-4 kuyadingeka ukushiya ucansi. Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angakunquma ama-hormone namavithamini D.

IBrachytherapy, ebizwa nangokuthi i-radiation yangaphakathi yangaphakathi, iyindlela yokwelapha umdlavuza lapho kufakwa khona amaphilisi enziwe ngemisebe emzimbeni. Le ndlela yokwelashwa inciphisa umphumela wemisebe kwezicubu eziseduze nezitho zomzimba, ngokungafani nemisebe yangaphandle, lapho kungewona kuphela kuphela isimila esivezwa emisebeni.I-brachytherapy yenziwa ekubuseni kwemithamo ephezulu noma ephansi, lapho imisakazo iphathwa okwesikhashana noma ngokuqhubekayo (endabeni yokugcina, izinto ezinomsakazo zilahlekelwa umsebenzi wazo ngokwazo). Uhlobo lokwelashwa olusetshenziswayo luncike ohlotsheni lomdlavuza kanye nezimpawu zesiguli ngasinye. Kwasetshenziswa imithamo emikhulu nokufakwa okungapheli kwezinto ezinemisebe, njengomthetho, womdlavuza wendlala yesinye.Inconyelwe- Umdlavuza we-Lung - umdlavuza we-Prostate - umdlavuza webele - umdlavuza we-Esophageal - umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane - umdlavuza waseColorectal - umdlavuza wesikhumba

Buyekeza:Ukuphakamisa iBrazil inqubo efaka ukufakwa kwamafutha esiguli ezinkalweni ukuze kuzinike ukwakheka okuyindilinga futhi kubenze bakhululeke kakhudlwana. Ukusebenzisa amanoni esiguli kunciphisa ubungozi bokunqatshelwa. Isilinganiso sobude bokuhlala phesheya: 2 - 3 amasontoNgemuva kokuhlinzwa, ngeke ukwazi ukuhlala, futhi ngenxa yalokho ngeke ukwazi ukuphuma ekhaya ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzodinga ukuya kokubonisana kwasemsebenzini.

Buyekeza:Ukuqinisa isikhumba sezandla, obizwa nangokuthi yi-brachioplasty, inqubo yokuhlinzwa yokuguqula ukwakheka kwezandla nokubanikeza ukuqina. Udokotela ohlinzayo angasebenzisa i-liposuction ukususa fat ngokweqile nesikhumba, futhi qinisa isikhumba sonke.Yize imitholampilo eminingi inikela ngendlela engahlaseli kangako, ekuhlinzeni kwendabuko, udokotela ohlinzayo wenza ukuwohloka engalweni kusukela emlenzeni kuya emgudwini. Njengoba kule ndaba isibazi sihlala ngaphakathi kwengalo, sivame ukungabonakali. Noma kunjalo, izinzuzo zomsebenzi onjalo kufanele zikalwe uma ziqhathaniswa nemiphumela yako, ikakhulukazi izibazi. Isilinganiso sobude bokuhlala phesheya: 1 amasontoKwesinye isikhathi isiguli sidinga ukuba esibhedlela kuze kube kususwa imithungo. Lo mbuzo kufanele ucaciswe udokotela ohlinzayo. Ukuhamba emoyeni ekhaya kungenzeka ngezinsuku ezingama-7-10.

Buyekeza:Ukwengezwa kwesifuba kuyinqubo yokuhlinzwa yokushintsha usayizi nokwakheka kwezinduna ezincelisayo. Imvamisa yenziwa kusetshenziswa ukufakelwa okufakwe ebeleni, kepha isithako sokufaka izicubu ze-adipose siyasetshenziswa. Esimweni sesibili, ngosizo lwe-liposuction, amafutha atholakala esiswini nasezinkalweni, bese ethulwa emithanjeni yezilwane ezincelisayo. Njengomthetho, ukufakelwa kwezicubu ze-adipose kukuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule usayizi webele ngesilinganiso esingamasentimitha ayi-200 (cishe usayizi owodwa). Isilinganiso sobude bokuhlala phesheya: 1 amasonto

Yini okudingeka uyazi mayelana nenqubo yokutshelwa kokufakelwa Uma unquma ukwenza i-IVF?Emibhangqwaneni eminingi, i-IVF ukuphela kwendlela yokuba nengane elindelwe isikhathi eside. Uhlobo luni lwenqubo lolu, luphephile, kuhamba kanjani ukulungiselela i-IVF futhi kuzobiza malini?Umnyombo wenqubo ye-IVFIVF inqubo yokufaka umquba ngaphandle komzimba: amaqanda nesidoda asuswe emzimbeni, ukuvundiswa kwenzeka elabhoratri. Ngemuva kwalokho amaqanda avundisiwe afakwa ku-incubator izinsuku ezingama-5-6 futhi lapho kuhlukaniswa khona atshalwe esibelethweni.Izinkomba zeukuqokwaIVF kuboniswa ezimweni eziningi zokungazali: •ngaphezulu, kuvame ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe bokulekelela.I-ICSI - ukwethulwa kwesidoda okwenziwa ngeqanda kusetshenziswa inaliti elincanyana kakhulu. Kwenziwe uma •izimo zaselebhu. Kuyasetshenziswa uma ukukhuthaza kwehluleka. Kugwema ukukhuthaza kwe-hormonal.Ukusikeka okusizayo kuwubuchwepheshe obunikeza amandla ukufakwa kombungu esibelethweni. Umbungu uzungezwe yigobolondo elincanyana, elichithwa ngaphambi kokufakwa.Ukulungiselela i-IVF, ukwenza inqubo nokubheka emva kwe-IVFUkulungiselela i-IVF kuthatha cishe amasonto ama-2-3 futhi kufaka nokuhlolwa kwabo bobabili abashadayo. Uhlelo lwe-IVF luvame ukufaka: •nullUma i-IVF inganikeli ngomphumela oyifunayo, eminye imibhangqwana iphendukela ezinsizakalweni zoomama ababa ngama-surrogate.Kwamanye amazwe, umthetho we-surrogacy wenqatshelwe ngumthetho, kepha kunamazwe lapho i-surrogacy idingeka khona kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, eKazakhstan.Namuhla eRussia, Kazakhstan nakwamanye amazwe e-CIS, kungenzeka ukwenza i-IVF mahhala cishe nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuzala.Shiya isicelo kuwebhusayithi yethu futhi ongoti bethu bazokuthinta bakusize ukhethe umtholampilo ohamba phambili ngokuhambisana necala lakho mahhala.

Isifakelo samazinyo yisikulu esincane esigoqiwe emhlathini ukuze sibuyisele izinyo lemvelo. Isebenza njengezimpande zezinyo futhi ekugcineni inamathela ngokuqinile kuthambo lemvelo.Imvamisa, ukufakwa kufakelwa emhlathini futhi ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5-6 kutholakala izimpande ngaphakathi kwawo, kuhlanganiswe nakho. Ngakho-ke, ipholisa ngaphandle kokubekwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngenxa yokuhlafuna, okunciphisa ubungozi bokufakelwa kokungaphiliswa. Ngemuva kokuthi ukufakelwa kufakwe, udokotela wamazinyo wenza umbono we-dentition ukwenza umqhele, azowubeka ngaphezuluukufakwa nokuhlafunwa (isixhumi sabo).Ngokuya ngobukhulu bomhlathi wesibeletho kanye nezinye izimo, isikhathi phakathi kokufakwa kokufakwa nokufakwa kwe-prosthesis yaphakade kuhlukile esimweni ngasinye. Eminye imitholampilo ithi amaviki ayi-6 enele, kwamanye abekwa amazinyo amasha zonke ezinye izinsuku, kusetshenziswa ukufakwa ngokushesha okufana neStraumann.Isifakelo samazinyo singasetshenziswa ukufaka izinyo elilodwa noma njengesici sokufakelwa kwalo lonke uhlaka lwamazinyo. Endabeni yama-prostheses aphelele kokufakwa kwe-4 namanye amabhuloho futhiamazinyo angamanga asuselwa kokufakelwa kusetshenziswa ama-prostheses akhiwe ngephethini ethile, esekela yonke i-arch yamazinyo (aze afike kumazinyo ayi-10 noma ayi-12).Izimila zamazinyo zisetshenziswa ezigulini ezingaphuthelwa amazinyo zifuna ikhambi elihlala njalo, elizovumela ukuthi bazizwe beqiniseka ngokubukeka kwabo, kanye nekhono lokudla nokukhuluma ngokunethezeka.Imvamisa, ukufakelwa kufakwa emhlathini bese kuvunyelwa ukuphulukisa (futhi kuhlanganiswe ngokwedlulele noma kwe-osseointegrate) phakathi kwamasonto ayi-6 kuya kwezinyanga ezi-6.Lokhu kuvumela okokufaka ukuphulukisa ngaphandle kokucindezela ekuhlafuneni futhi kunciphise nengozi yokwehluleka ukufakwa. Lapho ukufakwa sekuphephile, udokotela wamazinyo uzothatha umbono wokuthi umlomo wakhe umqhele wokuhlala ngaphezulu kokufakwa nomngcele (isixhumi, phakathi kwezimbili).Isikhathi esidingekayo phakathi kokubekwa kokufakelwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-prosthesis yokugcina kungahlukahluka ngokuhlukile, kususelwa kubuncane bemihlathi yomhlathi nezinye izinto eziguqukayo. Eminye imitholampilo ibika ukuthi amaviki ayi-6 enele, kanti eminye imitholampilo inikezela ngamazinyo amasha ngosuku usebenzisa izinhlelo ezifanaIzimila zamazinyo ze-Instant Straumann.Isifakelo samazinyo singasetshenziswa ukusekela izinyo elilodwa, kepha futhi singaba yingxenye yokubuyiselwa okuphelele komlomo. Izinketho ezinjenge-All-4 nezinye Amabhuloho Wamazinyo Asetshenziswayo Osetshenziselwa Ukusetshenziselwa Okwenziwayo asebenzisa izifakelo zamazinyo eziningana zokubeka i-arch ephelele (kuze kube ngamazinyo ayi-10 noma ayi-12).InconyelweIzimila zamazinyo zinconywa uma kwenzeka kulahleka kwamazinyo, lapho kudingeka ikhambi laphakade elizonikeza isiguli ukuzethemba ngokubukeka kwaso, kuzobavumela ukuba badle futhi bakhulume ngaphandle kokucindezela.