Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza Wesibindi

Umdlavuza wesibindi yisifo esibi esinezinga eliphakeme lokufa kwabantu. Ngemuva kokuvela kwe-neoplasm, umphumela obulalayo ungavela ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. I-Oncology inokwenzeka ezindaweni eziphehla isibindi noma izindunduma ze-bile. Isigaxa sibonakaliswa ukwanda okusheshayo nokwakhiwa kwama-metastases, kanye nokuthambekela okuphansi ekwelashweni. Ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, isigaba sesifo siyasungulwa. Kukhona amane esewonke, ukwahlukaniswa kuya ngezici ze-morphological, indawo yesimila nobungako bomonakalo:Owokuqala (I). Isimila singaba ngosayizi abahlukahlukene, kepha sitholakala ngaphakathi emzimbeni, akukho ukuhluma emikhunjini, kuma-lymph node kanyeezinye izitho zomzimba. Ukusebenza kwenzeka ngokugcwele. Esikhathini sokuqala, izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wesibindi ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka, ukuncipha kokusebenza kanye nokungakhululeki phezulu ohlangothini lwesokunene. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, kuba nokwanda kwesibindi ngosayizi.Owesibili (II). Ukwakheka kukhuphukela kububanzi obungu-5 cm, kuyilapho umuzwa wokuxineka nobuhlungu obuthakathaka noma obuzwayo esiswini bungezelelwa izimpawu ezikhona. Ekuqaleni, imizwa ebuhlungu ibonakala ngokunamandla ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca komzimba, khona-ke iba namandla ngokwengeziwe futhi ihlale njalo. Esigabeni sesibili, kunezimpawu zokucasulwa kokugaya ukudla, okufana nokulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla, ukuthamba ngokweqile, isicanucanu,ukugabha, isifo sohudo. Isiguli siqala ukunciphisa umzimba ngokushesha.Okwesithathu (III). Ukukhula okulimazayo kukhula, okunye ukugxila kwendawo yamaseli we-pathological avela. Umdlavuza uvame ukutholwa kakhulu kulesi sigaba ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu ziya ngokuya ziphikiswa.Kunezinto ezintathu ezifakiwe kulesi sifo:    I-IIIa. Isimila sisakazeka lapho kufakwe khona isibindi futhi sikhuphuka kakhulu ngosayizi. Ukuhluma kwenzeka emithanjeni emikhulu, kepha akusakazeki kuzitho ezikude nakuma-lymph node.    I-IIIb. I-fusion yamaseli amabi anezitho ezisondelene esiswini kanye nolwelwesi lwangaphandle lwesibindi luyabonakala. Akuqhubekiisigaxa siyathinteka.    I-IIIc. Isibindi sithinteka kakhulu, sisakazekela kuma-lymph node. Ukusebenza kwesitho kukhubazekile, okuthinta isimo somzimba. Isiguli sakha i-edema, ithoni yesikhumba ye-icteric, imithambo yesicabucabu, ama-ascites, nomuzwa wokugcwala esiswini. Umsebenzi wezindlala ze-endocrine uyaphazamiseka futhi izinga lokushisa lomzimba liyenyuka. Ukwehla kwesisindo okubukhali kufaka ukucija kwezimpawu zobuso kanye nokwehla kokuqina kwesikhumba. Ubuhlungu buba namandla futhi buhlala buhlala. Kulesi sigaba, kuvame ukuphuma kwegazi kwamakhala nangaphakathi.    Okwesine (IV). Isigaba 4 umdlavuza wesibindi uyacatshangelwainqubo engenakuphikwa. Ama-metastases ane-lymph nokugeleza kwegazi kusakazeka emzimbeni wonke, ngokuya ngokuya aphazamisa imisebenzi yezitho nezinhlelo. Kunezigaba ezimbili zomdlavuza wesibindi ama-degree angu-4:    IVA. Ukulimazeka kuso sonke isitho kuyaphawulwa, isimila sikhula sibe yizitho nezitho eziseduze. Ezilungwini ezikude, ama-metastases awatholakali.     IVB. Zonke izitho nezinhlelo zithintwa amaseli ayingozi. Kunama-neoplasms amaningi osayizi abahlukahlukene. Umdlavuza wesibindi webanga lesi-4 onama-metastases uhambisana nokufinyelwa kwamathambo esiqwini, ukuqunjelwa, izinhlungu ezinzima, ukuqina kwengqondo nemizwelo, ukushintshashintsha kwemizwa ngokuzumayo, ukulahleka okukhuluisisindo, ukwanda kwesisu ngosayizi. Uma ubheka izithombe zeziguli ezinomdlavuza webanga lesine, ungabona ukubukeka kwesikhumba, ukushuba kwesikhumba okungenampilo namathambo avela kanye nokuvuvukala okukhulu komzimba.I-Oncology ibolekeka kahle ekwelashweni ezigabeni ezimbili zokuqala, lapho-ke akusekho ukuthi yelaphe. Ama-Oncologists anganikeza kuphela ukwelashwa okuyisimpawu ukunciphisa isimo futhi kunciphise izinhlungu ezinzima.Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi bahlala isikhathi esingakanani nomdlavuza wesibindi wesigaba 4, ayikho impendulo eyodwa. Konke kuzoya ngezinga lomonakalo nokusabela kwesiguli ekwelashweni.UkwelashwaIsiguli nezinto ezikuzungezile zihlala zihlalaUkhathazekile uma umdlavuza wesibindi welashwa noma cha? Lo mbuzo ungaphendulwa kuphela ngudokotela ohambelayo, ongumnikazi wemininingwane ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kokuxilonga. Lapho ukhetha isu lokwelashwa lomdlavuza wesibindi, kubalulekile:   - usayizi wesimila;    - ukwenziwa kwasekhaya kwemfundo;    - izinga lomonakalo;    - Ukusebenza kwesimila;    - ukuba khona kwe-metastases;    - isimo esivamile sesiguli.Izinkomba ezilandelayo zokwelashwa zisetshenziselwa ukubambezela ukukhula kwesimila, ukuqunjelwa kwayo futhi kwandise isikhathi sokuphila ku-oncology yesibindi:    Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa.EziguliniI-Nexavar neSorafenib zichaziwe, izinto ezisebenzayo ezinomphumela onobuthi kumaseli athintekile. Ngenxa yomthelela obhekiswe emfundweni, izicubu ezinempilo azonakaliswa. I-chemotherapy yendabuko cishe ayisizi ngomdlavuza wesibindi.Ukwelashwa ngemisebe.Ukusetshenziswa kwama-x-ray kugxilwe kumithamo emikhulu kusiza ukubuyisa isimila, ukunciphisa izinhlungu kanye nokudlulisela lesi sifo ekuxolelweni. Ilungele ukwelashwa kwe-oncology kunoma yisiphi isigaba.    IsikhafuLe ndlela ukubhujiswa kwe-neoplasm ngokungenisa i-ethanol esiswini, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemisebe ye-microwave, amaza omsakazo anamandla, kanye ne-cryodestruction. Ukwelashwa ngaphandle kokuhlinzwaesibindini esine-oncology kunikeza umphumela omuhle uma isimila sinobubanzi obungaphansi kuka-3 cm.    Ukuhlanganiswa kwemithambo yegazi.Ngenxa yokungeniswa kwezidakamizwa ezikhethekile emithanjeni yesibindi, ukufinyelela kwegazi kuyi-neoplasm kuvinjiwe, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukwehla kwesilinganiso sawo. Le ndlela inomphumela omuhle kumathumbu anesilinganiso esifinyelela ku-5 cm. Isetshenziswa kaningi ngokuhlanganiswa ne-ablation, chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy.Ngabe umdlavuza wesibindi ungalashwa ngokuhlinzwa? Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa okuhlinzwa kukuvumela ukuba ubheke ikusasa ngokuzethemba. Ukususwa kweTumor noma ukufakelwa kwesibindi kukhulisa kakhulu amathuba esiguliukuxolelwa okuhlala isikhathi eside. Izimo zokungenelela kokuhlinzwa ukuhlinzwa kwe-tumor, i-metastases eyodwa yasendaweni kanye nokungabikho kwezilonda ze-oncological ngaphandle kwesibindi. Ungawelapha kanjani umdlavuza wesibindi uma isimila singasebenzi? Kulokhu, ukwethulwa kwama-cytostatics ngqo emikhunjini emikhulu yesibindi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezingenhla ezingenasici kukhonjisiwe.Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi alikho ikhambi lesimangaliso lomdlavuza wesibindi, kepha kufanele ukholelwe ekululameni kabusha ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi umdlavuza wesibindi welashwa yini, ezimweni eziningi, ama-oncologists asabela kahle. Emtholampilo wethu, iqembu elinobungane lodokotela abanezigaba zezokwelapha eziphakeme kakhulu nezihloko zesayensi lisiza ukuthola impilo.