Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesikhumba

Umdlavuza wesikhumba uyinkinga evame kakhulu. Emhlabeni, i-Australia, New Zealand ne-USA zihola inani lamacala amasha we-melanoma abikwa ngonyaka. E-Russia, njengakwezinye izindawo emhlabeni, izibalo zokungasebenzi kahle ziyakhula.Ngokusho kweWorld Health Organisation, zingu-132,000 izigameko ezintsha ze-melanoma ezibikwa minyaka yonke emhlabeni. Iningi leziguli lingabantu asebekhulile, ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50 inani labesilisa abagulayo liphakeme izikhathi eziphindwe kabili kunabesifazane. Kepha emadodeni nakwabesifazane abasebasha, umdlavuza wesikhumba ukhula kaningi. Ngokusho kwesazi se-epidemiologists, lokhuUmdlavuza eRussia ungowesibili kuphela umdlavuza wamaphaphu, umdlavuza webele nomdlavuza wendlala. Ngamanye amagama, lokhu akuphathelene nesifo esithile esiyindida, kodwa mayelana nokusongela kwangempela empilweni.Izinhlobo zesikhumba oncologyImikhakha yesikhumba ejwayelekile ifaka:I-Basal cell carcinoma - lesi simila sitholakala ezimweni ezi-7 zomdlavuza wesikhumba kwezingu-10. IBasalioma ibukeka njenge-nodule noma isikhafu sombala obomvu onsundu noma opinki, ovame ukubonakala ebusweni. I-neoplasm ngesinye isikhathi ingaluma, ilimaze noma iphume igazi - ikhuphuka ngosayizi kancane,ngaphandle kokubangela umuntu azwakalise ukungakhululeki, yingakho ukuhambela udokotela kungabambezeleka. Ngenhlanhla, leli thumba liyaqabukela lisakazeka emzimbeni wonke (linikeza ama-metastases), ngakho-ke, i-prognosis yeziguli imvamisa iyathandeka.I-squamous cell carcinoma yesikhumba (i-squamous cell carcinoma) imvamisa ifana ne-mushroom esesimweni: umzimba oyindilinga onomlenze omncane. Lesi simila sifana ne-wart: ezimeni eziningi sitholakala ngaphezulu kobuso, esifundeni sezindebe eziphansi. Kwezinye izinhlobo ze-squamous cell carcinoma, i-neoplasm ingaqashelwa kuphela ngokushintsha kombala wesikhumba: endaweni ye-pathologicalubukeka emile noma ebuhlungu. Ezigabeni zakamuva, i-carcinoma iholela ekwakhekeni kwama-metastases futhi kwesinye isikhathi ayinakuphulukiswa.IMelanoma uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu lwesimila esidala ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi umdlavuza wesikhumba. Ikhula kaningi kusuka emabhuntshwini - ukunqwabelana kwamangqamuzana e-pigment, ama-melanocyte, kepha hhayi kuphela: i-melanoma ingathinta ne-retina, i-membrane ye-mucous (umgogodla womlomo, isitho sangasese sangasese somlomo wesibeletho). Le neoplasm ibonakala ngokukhula okusheshayo futhi ithambekele ekwakhekeni kwama-metastases amaningi akude - emathanjeni, ebuchosheni, emaphashini, esibindini. Nomangokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, iziguli ezinesifo se-melanoma zivame ukubuyela emuva - ukukhula okuphindaphindekile kwethumbu ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana.Kunezindlela eziningana eziyisisekelo zokulwa nomdlavuza wesikhumba.Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela engabizi kakhulu yokususa isimila. Ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokuhlinzwa kuqashelwa ezigabeni zokuqala, lapho i-neoplasm ingathinti ama-lymph node nezinye izitho nezicubu. Ngemuva kokususa isimila, udokotela ohlinzayo wenza i-cauterization (i-electrocoagulation) kanye ne-curettage (i-curettage) yendawo yenxeba ukuze abhubhise amaseli womdlavuza asele. Njengoba umdlavuza wesikhumba uvama ukukhula ebusweni, kukhona ukungenelela okumnene,anciphisa amaphutha obuhle. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-cryodestruction, lapho khona isimila siqandisiwe yi-nitrogen ewuketshezi futhi sikhishwe ngaphandle kokulimala kwezicubu ezinzima. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ezimweni ezinobunzima obunomdlavuza - i-squamous cell carcinoma kanye ne-melanoma - akunakwenzeka ukwenza ukhetho ngokuvumela umthamo omncane wokuhlinzwa. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Micrographic, ngokwendlela ye-MOHS (Mohsa), kubhekwa njengendlela ephephile futhi ephumelela kunazo zonke yokungenelela kokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wesikhumba. Ngalo, isikhumba esinamaseli we-tumor sisuswa ezingqimbeni, ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwesibonakhulu, futhi ungqimba ngalunye luku ngqongesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kuthunyelwa ukuyohlolwa okwengeziwe elabhoratri. Udokotela ohlinzayo unqanda ukungenelela kuphela ngesikhathi lapho ama-histologists eqinisekisa ukuthi inxeba alinawo amangqamuzana amabi.I-Radiotherapy isetshenziswa njengesijobelelo sendlela yokuhlinzwa. Imisebe iyingozi kumaseli athambekele ekukhuleni ngokushesha, ngakho-ke, imishayo eqondisiwe yemisebe ye-ionizing inganciphisa usayizi wesimila, futhi ichithe lawo maseli ayingozi asinde ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Isikhathi samaseshini we-radiotherapy kanye nethamo lemisebe kungumuntu ngamunye esigulini ngasinye.I-Chemotherapy ihlelekile futhi yendawo. Ngokuqokwa kwale nqubo, i-cytotoxic (elimazayo kuamaseli) amakhemikhali afakwa ngaphakathi emzimbeni noma asetshenziswe ngqo ku-tumor. Indlela enjalo ibaluleke kakhulu ekuboneni ama-metastases lapho ukugxilwa komdlavuza kutholakala ngaphandle kokufinyelela kodokotela abahlinzayo.Ukwelashwa nge-Photodynamic kufaka phakathi ukubhujiswa kwesimila ngogongolo lwe-laser ngemuva kokuthathwa kokuqala kwezithombe (okwandisa ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana kukhanye). Le ndlela yinto entsha, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa kungaphansi kwengxoxo. Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kunomthelela wokuthi ukwelashwa kwe-Photodynamic kancane kancane kungeniswa emkhakheni wezokwelapha wezikhungo zezokwelapha.Ukwelashwa kwe-immune kanye nokuhlosiwe - amasu asemqoka futhi athembisayo abandakanya ukuqondiswa okuqondiwe.isimila ngokuvuselela amasosha omzimba noma ukwethulwa kwezidakamizwa okwenzelwe uhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza ngokusekelwe ezimweni zofuzo zomuntu ngamunye. Abanye ochwepheshe banesiqiniseko sokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi le ndawo eku-oncology izothatha indawo yazo zonke ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-neoplasms, kepha kuze kube manje, ukwelashwa okuvikela umzimba nokuhlosiwe kuyasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nezinye izinqubo futhi - ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva.Shiya isicelo kuwebhusayithi yethu futhi ongoti bethu bazokuthinta bakusize ukhethe umtholampilo ohamba phambili ngokuhambisana necala lakho mahhala.