Isibhedlela saseMedipol Mega University

Ukutheleleka kwezifoIsithuthwane, esithinta abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-50 emhlabeni jikelele, sibanga ingxenye enkulu yomthwalo wezifo emhlabeni jikelele. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingxenye yesamba senani lonke elinefomu elisebenzayo lokuxhuzula (okungukuthi, ngokubanjwa okuqhubekayo noma isidingo sokwelashwa) ngesikhathi esinikezwe sisuka kwabangu-4 kuye kwabali-10 kubantu abayi-1000. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yolunye ucwaningo emazweni anengeniso ephansi nephakathi iphakamisa ukuthi le ngxenye iphakeme kakhulu - ukusuka kwabayi-7 kuye kwabali-15 kubantu abayi-1000.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi emhlabeni wonke, isithuthwane sitholakala minyaka yonke ngaphakathiAbantu abayizigidi eziyi-2,4. Emazweni angenayo imali ephezulu, inani lamacala amasha alezi zifo asezingeni eliphakeme labantu liphakathi kwamashumi amathathu kuya kwangama-50 kwabangu-100,000. Emazweni ahola kancane futhi aphakathi nendawo, leli nani lingaphakama kabili.Izinga eliphakeme emazweni anengeniso ephansi naphakathi nendawo kungenzeka ukuthi ahlotshaniswe nengozi eyandayo yezifo ezibangelwa umalaleveva ezifana nomalaleveva kanye ne-neurocysticercosis; ukukhuphuka kwamanani okulimala kwabantu omgwaqo; ukulimala kokubeletha, kanye nokwehluka kwengqalasizinda yezokwelapha, ukutholakala kwezinhlelo zokuvimbela nokunakekelwa kwezempilo okungabizi.nullnullnullnullumuthi, ukuhlinzwa kungasiza.UkuvimbelaIsithuthwane se-Idiopathic asivikeleki. Kodwa-ke, ngezimbangela ezaziwayo zesifo sokuwa kwesibili, izindlela zokuthibela zingathathwa.    Ukuvimbela ukulimala kwekhanda kuyindlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuvimbela ukwanda kwesixakaxaka.     Ukunakekelwa okuphelele kwengqondo kusiza ukunciphisa izehlakalo zesifo sokuwa okuncane ngenxa yokulimala kokubeletha.     Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nezinye izindlela ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba ezinganeni ezinomkhuhlane kunganciphisa amathuba okubanjwa kobunzima.     Ukutheleleka kohlelo lwezinzwa oluyimbangela kuyimbangela evamile yesifo sokuwa ezindaweni ezishisayo laphokunamazwe amaningi athuthukayo. Ukuqedwa kwamagciwane ngaphansi kwalezi zimo nomsebenzi wokufundisa maqondana nokuvimbela ukutheleleka kuyizindlela ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa umthwalo wesifo sokuwa emhlabeni wonke, ngokwesibonelo, isithuthwane ngenxa ye-neurocysticercosis.U-Allhospital angathanda ukuncoma uSolwazi Antonio Russi (Teknon Kiron Clinic, Barcelona), ongomunye wabaholi abaphambili bezokwelapha baseYurophu. NgokukaProfessor Russi, iziguli ezingama-95 kwezingu-100 zikwazi ukuqeda ngokuphelele lesi sifo sokuwa ngemuva kokuthola ukwelashwa okufanele.Shiya isicelo kuwebhusayithi yethu futhi ongoti bethu bazokuthinta bakusize ukhethe umtholampilo ohamba phambili ngokuhambisana necala lakho mahhala.

Buyekeza:Ukwelashwa kweBongo aneurysm inqubo yokuhlinzwa eyenziwa lapho ubungozi bokuqothuka kwe-aneurysm buye buphakeme impela. Isilinganiso sobude bokuhlala phesheya: amavikiIsikhathi esichithwe emtholampilo kuya ngohlobo lwe-aneurysm. Ngama-aneurysm angenayo i-plug, isikhathi sokululama ngemuva kokwelashwa sivame ukufushane kunokuba kuqhume ukukhipha.

Buyekeza:Umsebenzi wokususa isimila sobuchopho wenziwa uchwepheshe we-neurosurgeon ukuze usule ingxenye ethile noma ususe ngokuphelele isimila. Isilinganiso sobude bokuhlala phesheya: Amaviki ayisithupha kuya kwayi-8Kuya ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa, isidingo kanye nesikhathi sokuvuselelwa kanye nenqubo yenqubo yokutakula isiguli.

Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukubheka (isheke) noma ukuhlolwa, kusuka ekuhlolweni kwesiNgisi, ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwempilo yeziguli. Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kungasiza ekuboneni izinkinga zempilo zisencane, noma kungakenzeki ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimpawu, futhi kungaqinisekisa neziguli ezikhathazekile ngempilo yazo noma ezinezimpawu ezisolisayo.Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okujwayelekile (ukuhlolwa) kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe njalo eminyakeni embalwa. Ikakhulu kulezo ziguli ezinokweqileisisindo, imikhuba emibi, noma umlando womndeni wezifo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, umdlavuza noma isifo sikashukela. Ukuhlolwa kungasiza ekuboneni izinkinga ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma isifo senhliziyo sokuqala. Iziguli zizokwazi ukwenza ushintsho oludingekayo endleleni yokuphila nemikhuba, futhi uma kunesidingo, qala ukuthatha imishanguzo, ukuvimbela ukuthuthuka kwezifo okuqhubekayo.Kunezivivinyo eziningi ezahlukahlukene ezingafakwa ohlolweni lwezempilo, kufaka phakathiukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukucabanga ngokuxilonga, ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo nabanye abaningi. Ukuhlolwa kungahle kufake nokuhlolwa kwegazi kwabamaki be-tumor abamaki wezimpawu zamaseli womdlavuza emzimbeni.Ukuhlolwa kunconyelwa noma ngubani onokungabaza ngesimo sempilo yabo noma onezimpawu ezidinga ukubhekwa njalo.InconyelweUkuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwezokwelapha kunconywa kuzo zonke iziguli, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisengozini enkulu yokuba nezifo ezithile.

IBrachytherapy, ebizwa nangokuthi i-radiation yangaphakathi yangaphakathi, iyindlela yokwelapha umdlavuza lapho kufakwa khona amaphilisi enziwe ngemisebe emzimbeni. Le ndlela yokwelashwa inciphisa umphumela wemisebe kwezicubu eziseduze nezitho zomzimba, ngokungafani nemisebe yangaphandle, lapho kungewona kuphela kuphela isimila esivezwa emisebeni.I-brachytherapy yenziwa ekubuseni kwemithamo ephezulu noma ephansi, lapho imisakazo iphathwa okwesikhashana noma ngokuqhubekayo (endabeni yokugcina, izinto ezinomsakazo zilahlekelwa umsebenzi wazo ngokwazo). Uhlobo lokwelashwa olusetshenziswayo luncike ohlotsheni lomdlavuza kanye nezimpawu zesiguli ngasinye. Kwasetshenziswa imithamo emikhulu nokufakwa okungapheli kwezinto ezinemisebe, njengomthetho, womdlavuza wendlala yesinye.Inconyelwe- Umdlavuza we-Lung - umdlavuza we-Prostate - umdlavuza webele - umdlavuza we-Esophageal - umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane - umdlavuza waseColorectal - umdlavuza wesikhumba

I-acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ebuye ifushaniswe ngokuthi YONKE (ngezinhlamvu zokuqala zesifo), futhi kwesinye isikhathi ungathola igama le-acute lymphocytic leukemia - isifo esibuhlungu sohlelo lwe-hematopoietic. Lesi sifo siqala kumnkantsha wethambo. Umongo wethu wethambo uyimboni yamaseli egazi ahlukahlukene. Lapho umugqa wethambo ugula, khona-ke le fektri, esikhundleni seyenempilo (odokotela bakhuluma ngamangqamuzana avuthiwe), iqala ukukhiqiza inani elikhulu lamaseli egazi amhlophe angakafiki.Lapho umuntu egula, khona-ke wonke amaseli egazi akhula futhi avuselelwa ngokuvumelanayo, konke kwenzeka ngendlela elinganiselayo. Amaseli wegazi avuthwa kancane kancane, futhi inqubo yokuvuthwa iyinkimbinkimbi impela. Kepha niniingane iyagula ine-lymphoblastic leukemia, i.e.BONKE, inqubo yokuvuthwa iphula ngokuphelele.Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, okungukuthi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, avele avele angavuthi ngokuphelele futhi angakhuli abe amaseli okusebenza agcwele. Esikhundleni salokho, baqala ukuhlanganyela ngokushesha nangokungalawuleki. Umsebenzi wohlelo lwe-hematopoietic uyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngokungafanele: amangqamuzana agulayo afaka amanye aphilile futhi abambelele endaweni yomongo. Ingane egulayo ayinawo amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe anempilo, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi (amaseli abomvu egazi), noma amaplatelet egazi (amaplatelet).Kungaleso sizathu izingane zingakha i-anemia (anemia), izinkinga ezithathelwanayo ezahlukahlukene (ukutheleleka), kanye nokuphuma kwegazi kaningi. Futhi lokhulezo yizimpawu zokuqala ezingakhuluma nge-leukemia ebukhali enganeni. Kepha lesi sifo uqobo, SONKE, kusukela ekuqaleni asitholakali kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba. Ukusuka emqubeni wethambo, ungena ungene egazini, ungene ezicutshini ze-lymphoid (uhlelo lwe-lymphatic) nakuzo zonke ezinye izitho zomzimba. Umsebenzi wohlelo lonke lwezitho, okungukuthi, umzimba wonke, uqala ukuphazamiseka. Kungakho ZONKE, njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo ze-leukemia, zibizwa ngokuthi isifo esibuhlungu esise-systemic, okungukuthi, lesi sifo sibulala wonke umzimba njengohlelo.KONKE kusakazeka emzimbeni wonke ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, amaseli we-leukemia aphambukeka yonke indawo, hhayiizithiyo zomhlangano. Izitho zomzimba lapho ziyeke khona ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile kanti nezifo ezintsha ezinkulu ziqala kuzo. Uma i-leukemia ingelashwa, khona-ke ukufa kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.Shiya isicelo samahhala kwiwebhusayithi yethu futhi ochwepheshe bethu bazokuthinta bakusize ukhethe umtholampilo ohamba phambili ngokulandela icala lakho. Indlela yokwelashwa yokwelapha i-leukemia ebukhali incike eminyakeni yobudala kanye nesiguli, uhlobo nesigaba sokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo, futhi kubalwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokwahlukana ngakunye esimweni ngasinye.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelashwa kwe-leukemia ebukhali - ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokwelashwa kokuhlinzwa - ukufakelwa kwamathambo.I-Chemotherapy yakhiwaizinyathelo ezimbili ezilandelanayo:• Inhloso yesigaba sokuqala ukutholwa kokuxolelwa. Ngama-chemotherapy, ama-oncologists athola ukwehla kwezinga lamaseli wokuqhuma• Isinyathelo sokuhlanganisa esidingekayo ukubhubhisa amaseli womdlavuza asele• Ukungenisa kabusha, njengomthetho, ukuphinda ngokuphelele uhlelo (izidakamizwa, imithamo, imvamisa yokuphatha) yesigaba sokuqala• Ngaphezu kwezidakamizwa ze-chemotherapeutic, ama-cytostatics akhona ohlelweni olujwayelekile lokwelashwa.Ngokwezibalo, ubude besikhathi sokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali kwe-leukemia acute cishe iminyaka emi-2.I-Chemotherapy ehlanganiswe ne-cytostatics iyiindlela enolaka yokuvezwa, okudala imiphumela emibi eminingana (isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, impilo engeyinhle, ukulahlekelwa izinwele, njll.). Ukuze kuncishiswe isimo sesiguli, kunqunywa ukwelashwa okufana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuya ngesimo, ama-antibiotics, ama-detoxification agents, ama-platelet ne-erythrocyte mass, nokunconywa kwegazi kunganconywa.Ukufakelwa kwamathamboUkufakelwa kwamathambo kunikeza isiguli amaseli anempilo we-stem, athi kamuva abe ngokhokho bamaseli egazi ajwayelekile.Isimo esibaluleke kakhulu sokudluliswa kwezidalwa kuyinto yokuxolelwa ngokuphelele kwesifo. Kubalulekile ukuthi umongo wethambo ohlanziwe kusuka kumaseli aqhuma ugcwaliswe ngamaseli anempilo.Ukuze ulungiselele isiguli ukuhlinzwa,Ukwelashwa okukhethekile kwe-immunosuppressive kuyenziwa. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukubhubhisa amaseli we-leukemia futhi kucindezele ukuzivikela komzimba ukuze kunciphise ingozi yokwenqatshwa.Ukuxhumana kokuthathwa kokufakelwa kwamathambo:• Ukwephulwa kokusebenza kwezitho zangaphakathi• Izifo ezithathelanayo ezingapheli• Ukubuyela emuva kwe-leukemia ebusayo, hhayi ukuhumushela ekuxolelweni• ukugugaShiya isicelo kuwebhusayithi yethu futhi ongoti bethu bazokuthinta bakusize ukhethe umtholampilo ohamba phambili ngokuhambisana necala lakho mahhala.

Into yokuqala iziguli nawo wonke umuntu wesifazane okudingeka ayazi ngomdlavuza webele (njengoba, ngempela, noma uluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza): namuhla lesi akusona isigwebo, isigaba sangaphambi kwesifo, amathuba aphezulu wokuhlula umdlavuza ngokuphelele. Futhi ezigabeni zakamuva, kunamathuba amaningi futhi amaningi okulwa ngempumelelo nesifo sibonga ukuqala kwezindlela zanamuhla zokuguqula izindlela zokwelapha (bheka ngezansi).Ubani osengozini? Umdlavuza webele yi-neoplasm ebabayo eyenzeka cishe koyedwa kwabesifazane abayishumi. Umdlavuza webele ungatholakala kunoma yimuphi ubudala, kepha ngemuva kweminyaka engama-65 yobudala, ubungoziUkwakheka kwesimila kukhuphuke amahlandla ayi-6 kunangaphambilini. Abaphenyi bakhomba izimbangela ezilandelayo zokukhula kwalesi sifo:1) ifa elisindayo: uma izihlobo, ikakhulukazi ohlangothini lukamama, zitholakale zinomdlavuza webele, izitho zangasese zowesifazane, nezinye izifo ze-oncological, khona-ke ingozi yokuthola umdlavuza webele iyanda;2) ukuqala kokuqala kokuya esikhathini (kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-12) kanye nokuqala kwesikhathi kokuya esikhathini (ngemuva kweminyaka engama-55);I-3) ukungazali inzalo, ukuzalwa kokufika sekwedlule isikhathi (ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30), ukuntuleka kokuqunjelwa yisisu noma isikhathi esifushane sokuncelisa ibele, i-postitis ye-mastitis;4) impilo yobulili engajwayelekile;5) ukulimala kwe-gland ye-mammary;6) ukuxilongwa kwe "dishormonalmammary gland hyperplasia ”;7) ukukhuluphala;8) ukungasebenzi kwegilo;9) ukwelashwa esikhundleni se-hormone.Izimpawu zomdlavuza webele Kwezokwelapha, isimila esiswini sezilwane ezincelisayo ezimweni eziningi sitholwa ngowesifazane noma oshade naye, okwenzeka futhi. Isimila singatholakala lapho kuhlolwa udokotela wezifo ezincelisayo, udokotela wezifo zamehlo, udokotela ohlinzayo, noma ukutholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesibalo.Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ziqwashise:    ngaphezu kokuzizwa ngemfundo ebeleni, owesifazane angabona izinguquko ezingalweni: ulceration, retraction, ubona kusukela ingono. Lesi yisikhathi sokubonana nodokotela ngokushesha!     ezigabeni zakamuva umakiubuthakathaka obukhulayo, ukuwohloka kwempilo, ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula kanzima, ubuhlungu bethambo kungenzeka.Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza Webele Ukwelashwa umdlavuza webele kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene. Izindlela ezintathu eziphambili zisetshenziswa namuhla:Umuthi wokwelapha antitumor.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokwelapha okunjalo, okungukuthi:* i-chemotherapy: kulokhu, izidakamizwa ezihlose ekubhujisweni kwamaseli e-tumor ziyasetshenziswa;* Ukwelashwa kwama-hormone, okungukuthi, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezicindezela ukusebenza kwe-hormonal kwesimila kanye nomzimba;* Ukwelapha okuqondisiwe kuyinkomba entsha, indlela lapho izidakamizwa “zibukhali” ngomphumela oqondiwe kumaseli we-tumor futhi kakhulu kuthinta abaphilileizicubu zomuntu;* I-Immunotherapy iyinkomba entsha kakhulu, namuhla ezinhlanganweni zamazwe omhlaba ze-oncologists ibizwa ngokuthi enye yezindlela eziphambili kakhulu nezikhuthazayo zokulwa nezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza. Umongo we-immunotherapy usezinhlelweni ezikhethekile zamaseli omzimba eziguli. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe babo obuhlukile, baphenduka isikhali esinamandla esingabona futhi sibhubhise ngokunembile amaseli womdlavuza.Ngokuxilongwa komdlavuza webele, ukwelashwa okuhlinzwa nokwelashwa ngemisebe nakho kuyasetshenziswa.Shiya isicelo kuwebhusayithi yethu futhi ongoti bethu bazokuthinta bakusize ukhethe umtholampilo ohamba phambili ngokuhambisana necala lakho mahhala.

I-Chemotherapy iyindlela elapha umdlavuza egcina umdlavuza ngezidakamizwa zamakhemikhali. I-Chemotherapy ingaba enye yezakhi zokwelapha ezihlanganiswa futhi ingahlanganiswa nokwelashwa ngemisebe noma ukususwa kwesimila. Umgomo we-chemotherapy kungaba ukubhujiswa ngokuphelele kwesimila somdlavuza kanye nokwehlisa ukukhula nokukhula kwamaseli womdlavuza. Ukwehlisela phansi ukukhula nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwamaseli kuholela ekwehleni kwesibalo kanye nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yempilo yesiguli futhi, kwezinye izimo, kwandisa amathuba okususwa okuphelele kwethumbu.Inconyelwe    Ukwelashwa Umdlavuza     Impilo Yomdlavuza

Ukwelashwa kwe-leukemia engapheli kuhloselwe ukunciphisa izimpawu zesifo. I-leukemia uhlobo lomdlavuza othinta amaseli egazi emzimbeni. Lesi sifo sivame ukukhula emqubeni, lapho kunokungalingani khona ekulinganisweni kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Imvamisa, amangqamuzana egazi akha, akhule, futhi afe ukuze enze indawo yamangqamuzana amasha, kanti i-leukemia iphazamisa le nqubo.I-leukemia engapheli ihamba kancane futhi ezigabeni zokuqala, ezingahlala iminyaka eminingi, ayidingi ukwelashwa. Ekugcineni, cishe akunakwenzeka ukwelapha ngokuphelele i-leukemia, kodwa kungenzeka ukunciphisa izimpawu futhi kufinyelele kokuxolelwa ngosizo lwe-chemo- ne-radiotherapy, ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa, ukwelashwa kwe-biological noma ukufakwa kwethambo. Ngokuxilongwa kwe-leukemia, ukwelashwa ngamakhambi noma ngezithasiselo zokudla akunawo umphumela wokwelapha.

ICyberKnife iyindlela engalashwa yokwelapha umdlavuza kanye nama-benign tumors. Ngosizo lwe-software ne-video diagnostics, izimila zenziwa endaweni ngokunemba ngangokunokwenzeka futhi zifakwa ngokuqondile ngemithamo ephezulu yemisebe.

Ngemuva kokuthi isiguli sitholwe sinesimila somdlavuza bese sitholakala, sidluliselwa ukuba siyobonisana nge-oncological. Le yingxoxo nodokotela lapho kuzoxoxwa ngohlelo lokwelashwa.Ngemuva kokuthi isiguli sitholwe sinesimila somdlavuza bese sitholakala, sidluliselwa ukuba siyobonisana nge-oncological. Le yingxoxo nodokotela lapho kuzoxoxwa ngohlelo lokwelashwa. Isazi se-oncologist sizoyenza. Uzokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi ngesifo sakho nangendlela yaso yokwelashwa. Isikhathi, imiphumela emibi, imiphumela elindelekile, kanye namathemba akho. Ngokwemvelo, ungabuza udokotela oncologist yonke imibuzo yakho.Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, uzobonisana nodokotela wakho we-oncologist, ozoqikelela inqubekela phambili yokwelashwa.Inconyelwe    Umdlavuza

nullizidakamizwa kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe kuxhunyiwe ekusebenzeni. Ukuzikhethela kwendlela eholayo yokwelashwa kuchazwa ngosayizi nendawo yesimila, isimo sesiguli nezifo ezihlangene.Njengoba kunesimila esincane kakhulu esingamanyanisi i-mucosa, kuphela i-mucosa enesendlalelo engaphansi yahlanganiswa nge-gastroscope, futhi imiphumela yokwelashwa mihle kakhulu.Esiteji I - II somdlavuza, ingxenye ye-esophagus iyasuswa, isiphuzo sigcwele ingxenye yesisu noma isigaxa sakhiwa esiswini. Namuhla kungenzeka ukusebenzisa imishini ye-endoscopic yale misebenzi.Ngokusakazeka kwesimila engxenyeni yemisipha futhi, kubuye kwenziwe umsebenzi, kepha lokhunullKwesinye isikhathi i-chemoradiotherapy yenziwa ngokuhlinzwa okunganele kokuhlinzwa. I-Chemotherapy ingenziwa uma ukuhlinzwa kungeke kwenzeke, lapho isimila sikhulu kakhulu, noma ngesisu esincane, kepha ngokubhekelwa okujwayelekile kokuhlinzwa. Kulesi sinqumo sokugcina, ukusinda kuqhathaniswa nokwelashwa okuhlinzwa. Lapho kukhona i-fistulas, i-chemoradiotherapy ayinakwenzeka. I-Chemotherapy ingahle ibe yinkimbinkimbi ngokuvuvukala okukhulu kwe-mucous membrane ye-esophagus, ezodinga isidlo ngokusebenzisa i-dropper.Shiya isicelo kuwebhusayithi yethu futhi ongoti bethu bazokuthinta bakusize ukhethe umtholampilo ohamba phambili ngokuhambisana necala lakho mahhala.

Umdlavuza wamalunga Ngokwesilinganiso, kunabantu abathola umdlavuza wamaphaphu abangama-40 kubantu abangu-100 000 emhlabeni, ngaphezu kwalokho, amadoda atholakala nalesi sifo amahlandla aphindwe ka-10 kunabesifazane, kanti inani lezakhamizi zasemadolobheni kuzo zonke izimo liphindwe kaningi kunabantu bendawo. Noma kunjalo, umuthi wanamuhla unesikhali esinamandla sokwelapha lolu hlobo lwe-oncology: ngokufinyelela ngesikhathi okusiza, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ungagcini nje ngokuvimba ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, kodwa futhi ukhohlwe ngakho kuze kube phakade.Umdlavuzaamaphaphu: iphrofayli lesifo kanye nokuqashelwa kwelashwaCishe abantu abayizigidi ezi-5 babulawa umdlavuza wamaphaphu minyaka yonke emhlabeni. Lolu hlobo lokulimala kwezifo lubizwa nangokuthi yi-bronchogenic carcinoma, noma umdlavuza we-bronchogenic. Isigaxa sivela ku-epithelium eqine ye-mucous membrane ye-bronchi, alveoli ne-epithelium ye-bronchial gland. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-etiology yalesi sifo ayikacaci, izizathu eziyinhloko zokuvela kwayo zibandakanya: ukubhema; ukuchayeka kwi-radon kanye nama-carcinogens athile (amaminerali we-asbestos ayingozi kakhulu emaphashini); izinhlobo ezithile zamagciwane; ukukhuphuka kwenqwaba yezinhlayiya zothuli emoyeni. I-pathogenesis yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ivuliwenullnullamaphaphu.Umdlavuza wamaphaphu wesigaba 1 ubonakala nge-tumor efinyelela kubukhulu obungu-3 cm, ongakangeni manje. I-neoplasm itholakala engxenyeni eyodwa yamaphaphu noma ngaphakathi kwe-bronchus yesigaba.Isigaba 2 - isimila esifinyelela ku-6 cm sitholakala engxenyeni eyodwa yamaphaphu noma ngaphakathi kwe-bronchus engxenyeni ethile. Ama-metastases awodwa kuma-pulmonary kanye ne-bronchopulmonary lymph node ayaqapheleka.Isigaba 3 - isimila esikhudlwana kune-6 cm ngokushintshwa kwe-lobe eseduze yamaphaphu noma ukuhluma kwe-bronchus eseduze noma i-bronchus enkulu. Ama-metastases atholakala ku-bifurcation, tracheobronchial, paratracheal lymph node.4isigaba somdlavuza wamaphaphu saziwa nge-metastases ezinhlelweni ezikude nezitho zomzimba, i-pleurisy kanye / noma i-pericarditis ejoyina. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusebenza kuphela nge-squamous cell carcinoma. Endabeni yomdlavuza omncane weseli, oqala ukukhula ngokushesha, izigaba ezi-2 kuphela ezihlukaniswa. Isigaba sokuqala - isigaba esinqunyelwe - sihambisana nokwenziwa kwamaseli we-pathogenic emaphashini owodwa nezicubu eziseduze. Esigabeni sesibili, isimila sihlangana endaweni engaphandle kwamaphaphu nasezitho ezikude.Ukwelashwa umdlavuza we-lungUkuxilongwa okuhle kwe-pulmonary oncology kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ukukhethwa kwezindlela zokwelashwa ezifanele kuncike kuyo. Izindlela eziphambiliukungenelela kokuhlinzwa, i-chemo kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe. Ngenxa yentuthuko esheshayo yobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha, lezi zindlela seziphephe futhi zisebenza ngempumelelo.1. Ukwelashwa kusetshenziselwa i-squamous cell carcinoma. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, kususwa lonke ithumbu elinomdlavuza noma ingxenye yalo ehlukile. Umthamo wezicubu osusiwe uncike kuhlobo lwesimila nendawo okuyo. Umkhuba wamanje ekwelashweni komdlavuza wamaphaphu ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezingekho mthethweni, ezikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ikhamera yevidiyo encane. Le ndlela ibizwa nge-Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS). Ukusebenza okunjalo kuhambisana nobuhlungu obukhulu, futhi inqubo yokuvuselela ngemuva kwabo iqhubeka ngokushesha.2. Chemotherapy- Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kweziguli eziningi ezinomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Umnyombo wayo ulele ekuphuzeni imithi ebhubhisa amaseli womdlavuza.3. Okuhlosiwe (okuhlosiwe) ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Izidakamizwa ezinjalo zibona amangqamuzana amabi ngezimpawu zawo ezithile futhi azonakalise, zithinta imisebenzi ebalulekile (ukukhula, ukuhlukaniswa). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidakamizwa ezinjalo ziphazamisa ukunikezwa kwegazi esiswini. Ukwelapha okuhlosiwe (okuhlosiwe) kungabekwa njengendlela yokuzimele yokwelashwa noma ngokuhlanganiswa ne-chemotherapy ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa.4. Ukwelashwa nge-immunological ekwelapheni umdlavuza wamaphaphu kuyisiqondiso esisha nesethembisayo ngaphakathii-oncology yokulondolozeka. Ukwelashwa okunjalo kukuvumela ukusetha amaseli amasosha amasosha omzimba wakho ngokumelene namaseli womdlavuza futhi “okubhekiswe” kuthinta kuphela amangqamuzana e-tumor.5. I-Radiotherapy. Ukufakelwa kwesimila ngensimbi enamandla yemisebe ye-gamma, ngenxa yokuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza afa (amisa ukukhula nokukhiqiza kabusha). Kwenziwe ngendlela eyihlane noma ephezulu. Ngokulashwa ngemisebe ecijile, zombili isimila uqobo kanye nezifunda ze-metastasis zezifunda kuvezwa ngemisebe. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kusetshenziselwa nomdlavuza omncane weseli.Shiya isicelo kuwebhusayithi yethu futhi ongoti bethu bazokuthinta bakusize ukhethe umtholampilo ohamba phambili ngokuhambisana necala lakho mahhala.

Ngokwesilinganiso, ukuguqulwa kusuka ku-precancer kuya ekubeni isimila esinomdlavuza kuthatha iminyaka emi-2 kuye kweli-15. Ukuguqulwa okwalandela kusuka esigabeni sokuqala somdlavuza kuye kokugcina kuthatha iminyaka eyi-1-2.Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ngukuthuka okulimazayo, okuthi ngokwezibalo zezokwelapha phakathi kwezifo ze-oncological ezenzeka ebulilini obulungile, kuthathe indawo yesine (ngemuva komdlavuza wesisu, isikhumba kanye nezindlala zezinso).Umthombo womdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho amangqamuzana ajwayelekile amboza wesibeletho. Zingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-600 zalezi zithumba ezitholwa minyaka yonke.iziguli. Yize umdlavuza wesibeletho uvame ukwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka engama-40-60, kodwa, ngeshwa, muva nje usencane kakhulu.Ukwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kuhlangene futhi kufaka phakathi ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe. Esimweni ngasinye, ukwelashwa kunqunywa ngakunye, kuya esigabeni salesi sifo, izifo ezikhona, isimo somlomo wesibeletho, kanye nokuba khona kwezifo ezithathelanayo njengamanje.Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, isimila singasuswa nengxenye yomlomo wesibeletho, kususwe isimila kanyeisibeletho, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngesibeletho uqobo. Imvamisa, ukuhlinzwa kuhlanganiswa ngokususwa kwama-lymph node we-pelvis (uma amaseli womdlavuza ekwazi ukujwayela). Udaba lokususwa kwe-ovarian luvame ukunqunywa ngokuhlukile (ezigabeni zokuqala zomdlavuza kwabesifazane abasebasha, ama-ovari angagcinwa).Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, uma kunesidingo, iziguli zinqunyelwe ukwelashwa ngemisebe. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ye-ionizing kungaqedela ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa, futhi kungabekwa ngokuhlukile. Ekwelapheni umdlavuza wesibeletho, i-chemotherapy, izidakamizwa ezikhethekile eziqeda ukukhula zingasetshenziswa.kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngeshwa, amathuba we-chemotherapy yalesi sifo alinganiselwe.Impumelelo yokwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ixhomeke eminyakeni yesiguli, ukunemba kokukhethwa kwezokwelapha, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ekutholakalweni kwesifo ekuqaleni. Lapho umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho utholwa esencane, i-diagnostosis iyathandeka futhi lesi sifo singalashwa ngezindlela zokuhlinzwa zodwa.Shiya isicelo kuwebhusayithi yethu futhi ongoti bethu bazokuthinta bakusize ukhethe umtholampilo ohamba phambili ngokuhambisana necala lakho mahhala.

Yini okudingeka uyazi mayelana nenqubo yokutshelwa kokufakelwa Uma unquma ukwenza i-IVF?Emibhangqwaneni eminingi, i-IVF ukuphela kwendlela yokuba nengane elindelwe isikhathi eside. Uhlobo luni lwenqubo lolu, luphephile, kuhamba kanjani ukulungiselela i-IVF futhi kuzobiza malini?Umnyombo wenqubo ye-IVFIVF inqubo yokufaka umquba ngaphandle komzimba: amaqanda nesidoda asuswe emzimbeni, ukuvundiswa kwenzeka elabhoratri. Ngemuva kwalokho amaqanda avundisiwe afakwa ku-incubator izinsuku ezingama-5-6 futhi lapho kuhlukaniswa khona atshalwe esibelethweni.Izinkomba zeukuqokwaIVF kuboniswa ezimweni eziningi zokungazali: •ngaphezulu, kuvame ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe bokulekelela.I-ICSI - ukwethulwa kwesidoda okwenziwa ngeqanda kusetshenziswa inaliti elincanyana kakhulu. Kwenziwe uma •izimo zaselebhu. Kuyasetshenziswa uma ukukhuthaza kwehluleka. Kugwema ukukhuthaza kwe-hormonal.Ukusikeka okusizayo kuwubuchwepheshe obunikeza amandla ukufakwa kombungu esibelethweni. Umbungu uzungezwe yigobolondo elincanyana, elichithwa ngaphambi kokufakwa.Ukulungiselela i-IVF, ukwenza inqubo nokubheka emva kwe-IVFUkulungiselela i-IVF kuthatha cishe amasonto ama-2-3 futhi kufaka nokuhlolwa kwabo bobabili abashadayo. Uhlelo lwe-IVF luvame ukufaka: •nullUma i-IVF inganikeli ngomphumela oyifunayo, eminye imibhangqwana iphendukela ezinsizakalweni zoomama ababa ngama-surrogate.Kwamanye amazwe, umthetho we-surrogacy wenqatshelwe ngumthetho, kepha kunamazwe lapho i-surrogacy idingeka khona kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, eKazakhstan.Namuhla eRussia, Kazakhstan nakwamanye amazwe e-CIS, kungenzeka ukwenza i-IVF mahhala cishe nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuzala.Shiya isicelo kuwebhusayithi yethu futhi ongoti bethu bazokuthinta bakusize ukhethe umtholampilo ohamba phambili ngokuhambisana necala lakho mahhala.