Babban Makamashi Cibiyar (CHE)

Bayan an gano mara lafiyar yana fama da cutar kansa kuma an gano shi, sai a garzaya dashi domin kula da oncological. Wannan magana ce tare da likita lokacin da za a tattauna shirin magani.Bayan an gano mara lafiyar yana fama da cutar kansa kuma an gano shi, sai a garzaya dashi domin kula da oncological. Wannan magana ce tare da likita lokacin da za a tattauna shirin magani. Kwararre kan ilimin likitanci zai gudanar da shi. Zai gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da cutar ku da kuma maganin ku. Tsawon lokaci, tasirin sakamako, sakamakon da aka zata, da kuma tsammaninku. A zahiri, zaku iya tambayar kansar game da duk tambayoyin ku.Yayin aikin jiyya, zaku kuma nemi shawara game da likitan ku, wanda zai lura da ci gaban aikin maganin.Nagari    Ciwon daji

An zaɓa maganin adenocarcinoma na ciki dangane da girman ƙirar neoplasm, matsayin bambancinsa, shekarun mai haƙuri da yanayinsa gaba ɗaya. Mafi inganci shine cirewar ciwan. Akwai nau'ikan tiyata guda biyu da za'a iya yi don cutar kansa ta ciki:    Yayin kamannin rarrabewar, ana cire wani neoplasm tare da wani ɓangaren kyallen takarda da ke tattare da mummunan aiki ko karamin yanki na sashin kansa;     Maganin bakin ciki na cire daukacin ciki da sauran kasusuwa wadanda ke kewaye da su - tsotsewar hancin yanki, wani bangare na esophagus da karamin hanji. Game da contraindicationsdon sa hannun tiyata, ana cire ƙwayoyin kansa ta hanyar maganin laser endoluminal. Don mara lafiya ya sami damar cin abinci da kanshi, ana shigar da ganuwar cikin ciki (hanya mai taken endoluminal stening). Kafin kuma bayan aikin, an wajabta wa mutum irin waɗannan hanyoyin warkewa:     Radiation far. Ana gudanar da zazzabin cizon sauro kafin tiyata don rage girman ciwan, da kuma bayan hanyoyin tiyata don lalata sel da suka rage bayan tiyata. Yin amfani da hasken rana na iya rage zafi da hana zubar jini.     Chemotherapyda za'ayi tare da taimakon Cisplatin, Bleomycin ko Ftorafur don rage neoplasm kafin tiyata da lalata ciwan ciwan cuta a bayansa. Magungunan sunadarai suna taimakawa rage haɗarin sake kamuwa da cutar kansa.     Cutar Immunotherapy Shirye-shiryen sunadarai suna da tasiri ba kawai ƙwayoyin tumo ba, har ma da kyallen takarda masu lafiya, don haka wajibi ne don ƙara kariya ta jiki tare da taimakon hanyoyin musamman.Bar izini a rukunin gidan yanar gizon mu kuma ƙwararrun likitocinku zasu tuntuɓarku kuma su taimaka muku zaɓi mafi kyawun asibitin daidai da shari'ar ku kyauta.

nullYawan lalacewar maƙogwaron. Hoarseness of the voice is a farkon sign when carcinoma is located in the tone folds, amma ya bayyana a gaba matakai lokacin da aka karkara a cikin sassan biyu da kuma bayanan. Marasa lafiya da ke cikin ƙananan ƙwayar cuta sau da yawa suna da toshewar hanyar iska da ƙyamar alama ce ta kowa a cikin matakai na gaba. Marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar kansar-ligamentous sau da yawa suna da dysphagia; sauran alamun halayyar wannan cuta sune toshewar hanyoyin iska, otalgia, haɓakar kumburi a cikin wuya, muryar da take birgewa. Ya kamata a tura masu haƙuri da waɗannan alamun nan da nan don laryngoscopy kai tsaye.BincikoLaryngoscopyCutar endoscopy danullnullKwatancen lasisi na endoscopic da kuma maganin warkewa, a matsayin mai mulkin, zai baka damar ajiye muryar marasa lafiya. Amfani don kula da cutar kansa na laryngeal a farkon matakan tiyata ko maganin warkewa, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya dogara da fifikon likitocin ma'aikata da marasa lafiya.A cikin matakan na baya na murfin murfin katako, ba a hana su ko shiga cikin ayyukan harshen ba; Ana nuna wa marasa lafiya chemotherapy ko radiation therapy. Idan tumbi na mai haƙuri ya bazu daga maƙogwaron ko ya shiga cikin guringuntsi, laryngectomy yana ba da mafi kyawun sakamakon oncological; laryngectomy galibi yana da yawa, amma a wasu halayeAna iya amfani da laser endoscopic Laser na tumo ko kuma wani ɓangaren buɗewar laryngectomy. Hakanan ana amfani da laryngectomy mai yawa a cikin mawuyacin yanayi don ceton mai haƙuri; duk da haka, wani lokacin a irin wannan yanayi, ana iya amfani da kamannin endoscopic ko kuma wani ɓangaren laryngectomy na kwance.A farkon matakan cutar kansar na maƙogwaro na supraclavicular maƙarƙashiya, maganin warkewar iska ko kuma kamannin ɓangaren larynx suna da tasiri. Yin amfani da kama da laser a farkon matakan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta squamous sun nuna kyakkyawan sakamako. Idan ƙwayar cutar daji ta ci gaba da ci gaba, amma ba ta shafi ainihin muryoyin muryar ba, to ana iya yin aikin jijiyoyin maƙogwaron hanci don kiyaye muryar kumasphincter na glottis. Idan mai haƙuri kuma yana da muryoyin muryoyi, ana buƙatar laryngectomy akan gurnatin cricoid ko jimlar laryngectomy, idan an yanke shawarar aiwatar da aikin tiyata. Kamar yadda yake game da laryngocarcinoma, yawancin matakan ci gaba na cutar kansa ta supermucosal ana fara su da su ta hanyar maganin ƙwaƙwalwa da maganin warkewar iska. Yankin ligamentous yana da cibiyar sadarwar lymphatic mai arziki, sabili da haka, ya kamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga yankin wuyan a duk marasa lafiya da cutar kansa.Tare da carcinoma na ƙananan ƙwayar cuta, jiyya iri ɗaya ce da ta ciwon daji na maƙogwaro. A farkon matakan, lalacewa yawanci ana kulawa da kawairadiation therapy, ko kamannin endoscopic azaman madadin. Koyaya, a cikin yawancin marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar sankarar fata, ci gaba yana da alaƙa da yanayin asymptomatic na cutar da kuma yaduwar gida a cikin kullun ta hanyar tsarin lymphatic; ana kula da irin waɗannan marasa lafiya musamman ta hanyar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta da kuma maganin warkewa, kuma cikin hanzari - bisa ga alamu masu mahimmanci.Gyaran jikiAna iya buƙatar farfadowa bayan kowane nau'in magani. Yawancin lokaci, manyan matsaloli suna tasowa tare da aiwatar da haɗiye abinci bayan sunadarai ko maganin warkewa, wanda na iya buƙatar lalata ƙwayar cuta, a cikin mafi yawan lokuta, filastik na maɓallin ko aikace-aikacen gastroma. A lokacin tiyataShigar ta na iya yin shisshigi ga tsarin hadiyewa, kuma ana iya neman magani, gami da fadada hanyoyin haɗiyewa.Takaici, a gefe guda, yana shafar magana sosai. Bayan cikakken laryngectomy, mai haƙuri yana buƙatar ƙirƙirar sabuwar murya ta:    Muryar Esophageal    Esophageal tracheal huda    E-makogwaro (electropharynx)Tare da duk hanyoyin guda uku, ana yin magana tare da halartar maƙarƙashiya, lafazi mai laushi, harshe, hakora da lebe.Dalilin samuwar “muryan maraya” (mai rarrabe murya) shine ƙirƙirar rabe-raben murya a cikin esophagusrufewar sabaniTare da tracheoesophageal fistula, an sanya bawul a tsakanin trachea da esophagus don haɓaka phonation. Bawul din yana taimakawa matso iska a cikin esophagus yayin aiwatar da wahayi. Marasa lafiya ana yin gyaran jiki, kwasa-kwasan kan dabarun magana, ana koyar da su ka'idojin kula da cutar fistula, kuma an gargadi duk marasa lafiya game da haɗarin neman abinci da ruwa.Larynx na lantarki shine na'urar da baturi yake amfani da shi wanda yake a saman wuyan wuyan. Duk da rashin jin daɗin da aka samu ta hanyar rashin hankalin zamantakewar jama'a lokacin da aka sawa marasa lafiya da yawa, yana da sauƙin magancewa kuma baya buƙatar horo na musamman.

M ɓoyayyun neoplasms na mai ɗanɗano. Cutar ta kasance cuta ce da ba a taɓa samu ba, galibi mata masu shekaru 50 da haihuwa.Bayyanar cututtukan gallBabban alamun bayyanuwar sun hada da tashin zuciya da amai, jijiyoyi, jin zafi a saman na uku na ciki, zazzabi, zazzabi, rage jiki, rage abinci, ciwan ciki, da haɓaka ciwan ciki. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, a farkon matakan cutar, mara lafiya ba shi da wani rashin jin daɗi, wanda ya rage damar masu haƙuri namurmurewa.Cutar cutar sankarar mahaifaYawancin dakin gwaje-gwaje da nazari na kayan aiki ana yinsu: babban gwaji na jini, nazarin halittar jini, wani x-ray na gabobin ciki, maganganun maganadisu game da gabobin ciki, guguwar halittar mahaifa, tarin kwayoyin cuta na hanji tare da kara binciken tarihi na samfuran kasusuwa.Gallbladder Cancer CancerJiyya wannan cuta, kamar mafi yawan cututtukan neoplasms, sun ƙunshi cire tiyata da warkarwa. Babban hanyar magani shine tiyata, mafi mashahuri cholecystectomy. Yau, ana aiwatar dashi ta hanyar da ta fi dacewa da aiki.- hanyar laparoscopic. Yayin da ake cikin hadaddun jiyya, ana amfani da hanyoyin warkewa da chemotherapy, kuma ana kuma tsara majiyyata shirye-shiryen radiosensitizer wadanda ke kunshe da abubuwanda ke aiki wanda ke kara karfin jijiyoyin sel wadanda basu dace ba.Yin rigakafin Cutar GallbladderBabu takamaiman hanyoyi don rigakafin wannan ilimin. Shawarwarin gabaɗaya sun haɗa da: daidaitattun alamun alamun nauyi, abinci mai dacewa, rage yawan abincin asalin dabbobi da haɓaka abincin kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Hakanan ana bada shawara don barin kyawawan halaye, motsa jiki akai-akai, da fushi da jiki.

Cutar fata fata matsala ce da ta zama ruwan dare. A cikin duniya, Ostiraliya, New Zealand da Amurka suna kan gaba wajen yawan sabbin kwayoyin cutar melanoma da aka bayar kowace shekara. A Rasha, kamar sauran wurare a duniya, ƙididdigar ƙwayoyin cuta suna haɓaka.A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, sabbin kwayoyin cutar melanoma 132,000 ne ake yadawa a duk shekara a duniya. Yawancin marasa lafiya tsofaffi ne, bayan shekara 50 yawan marasa lafiya maza ya ninka 2-3 sau fiye da mata. Amma a cikin samari maza da mata, cutar sankarar fata na tasowa koyaushe. Dangane da masu ilimin cututtukan dabbobi, wannanCancer a Rasha shine na biyu kawai a kansar huhu, kansar nono da kuma cutar kansa. A takaice dai, wannan ba game da wasu cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ba ne, amma game da haɗarin gaske ga lafiyar.Iri fata oncologyCutar fata ta gama gari sun haɗa da:Baskinoma Basal cell - ana gano wannan cutar a cikin lokuta 7 na cututtukan fata daga 10. Basalioma yana kama da nodule ko tabar wiwi mai launin ja-ruwan hoda ko ruwan hoda, wanda yawanci yakan bayyana akan fuska. A neoplasm na iya wasu lokuta ƙaiƙayi, rauni ko zub da jini - sannu a hankali yana ƙaruwa da girman,ba tare da haifar da mutum ya bayyana rashin jin daɗi ba, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa za a jinkirta ziyarar likita. An yi sa'a, wannan tumo da wuya yadawa cikin jiki (yana ba da metastases), sabili da haka, hangen nesa na marasa lafiya yawanci abin yarda ne.Carcinoma na squamous na fata (squcinous cell carcinoma) sau da yawa yana kama da naman kaza a cikin siffar: jiki mai zagaye tare da kafafu na bakin ciki. Wannan ƙari yana kama da wart: a mafi yawan lokuta ana samo shi a saman fuska, a cikin yankin ƙananan lebe. A cikin wasu nau'ikan carcinoma na squamous, ana iya gano cutar ta neoplasm kawai ta hanyar canza launi: a cikin yankin pathologicaltana da laushi ko taushi. A matakai na gaba, maganin kan haifar da haifar da metastases kuma wani lokacin ba zai iya cutuwa ba.Melanoma wani nau'in cutar sankarau ne mai matukar hatsarin gaske wanda ke haifar da yawancin mace-mace a cikin cututtukan fata. Yana tasowa mafi yawan lokuta daga moles - tarin ƙwayoyin launi, melanocytes, amma ba wai kawai: melanoma kuma zai iya shafar retina, mecoran mecoranes (bakin ciki, farji, dubura). Wannan halin neoplasm an haɓaka shi da haɓaka mai sauri kuma yana iya haifar da samuwar metastases da yawa masu nisa - a cikin ƙasusuwa, kwakwalwa, huhu, hanta. Ko datare da magani na lokaci, marasa lafiya tare da melanoma sau da yawa suna da koma-baya - ci gaba da cutar tumbi bayan shekaru da yawa.Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na asali don yaƙi da cutar kansa.Yin tiyata ita ce hanya mafi arha don kawar da cutar daji. Ana lura da mafi girman tasirin aikin a farkon matakin, lokacin da ake yin aikin neoplasm bai shafi nono da sauran gabobin jikinsu da ƙyallen ba. Bayan cire tumor din, likitan tiyata yayi aikinda yake kawowa (electrocoagulation) da warkaswa (magani) na farfajiyar rauni domin lalata kwayoyin cutar kansa. Tunda cutar kansar fata takan fara tasowa a fuska, akwai hanyoyin sanyawa a hankali,wanda ke rage lahani na ado. Waɗannan sun haɗa da cryodestruction, wanda tumor ɗin ya daskare tare da ruwan nitrogen kuma an cire shi ba tare da rauni mai rauni ba. Koyaya, yakamata a fahimta cewa a cikin lokuta masu nau'in cutar daji mai rauni - ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar squamous da melanoma - ba shi yiwuwa a zaɓi zaɓi don ƙimar mafi ƙarancin tiyata. Surgeryarancin tiyata, bisa ga hanyar MOHS (Mohsa), ana ɗauka mafi aminci kuma ingantacciyar nau'in aikin tiyata ta zamani don maganin cututtukan fata. Tare da shi, an cire fata tare da ƙwayoyin tumor a cikin yadudduka, a ƙarƙashin ikon maɓallin microscope, kuma kowane Layer yana cikin kai tsayeyayin aiki ana aika shi don ƙarin gwaji zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje. Likitan tiyata ya dakatar da shiga tsakani ne kawai a daidai lokacin da masana tarihi suka tabbatar da cewa raunin ba ya cikin sel mai wahala.Ana amfani da radiotherapy azaman matsayin haɗin kan hanyar tiyata. Radiyon yana lalata lalata sel wanda ke haifar da saurin ci gaba, saboda haka, katuwar hasken ionizing radiation na iya rage girman ciwan, kuma ya lalata waɗancan ƙwayoyin cuta da suka tsira bayan tiyata. Tsawan lokacin da ake amfani da kuɗaɗen shuɗi da sigar iska mutum ɗaiɗaice ne ga kowane mai haƙuri.Chemotherapy tsari ne da na gida. Tare da nadin wannan dabarar, cytotoxic (lalata gaKwayoyin) ana sa sinadarai a ciki ko a shafa shi kai tsaye. Irin wannan kusancin yana da matukar muhimmanci wajen gano metastases lokacin da tushen cutar kansa yake a wajen da likitocin ke iya zuwa.Photodynamic far yana dauke da lalata ciwan kansa ta hancin laser bayan aikin daukar hoto na farko (yana kara yawan jijiyoyin sel zuwa haske). Wannan hanyar ita ce sabuwar al'ada, kuma amfani da ita ba tare da tiyata ba yana iya tattaunawa. Koyaya, haɓaka fasaha yana ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa sannu a hankali ana gabatar da maganin photodynamic a cikin aikin asibiti na cibiyoyin likita.Rigakafin cutar daji da aka yi niyya - fasahar daɗaɗaɗaɗɗiya da ke da nasaba da niyya.ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayar cuta ta hanyar inganta tsarin rigakafi ko gabatarwar magunguna waɗanda aka kirkira musamman ga wani nau'in cutar kansa dangane da halayen ɗabi'ar mutum na mai haƙuri. Wasu masana suna da tabbacin cewa tsawon lokaci wannan yanki a cikin oncology zai maye gurbin duk sauran hanyoyin magance neoplasms, amma har zuwa yanzu, ana amfani da tsarin rigakafi da niyya tare da sauran hanyoyin da - don rigakafin sake dawowa.Bar izini a rukunin gidan yanar gizon mu kuma ƙwararrun likitocinku zasu tuntuɓarku kuma su taimaka muku zaɓi mafi kyawun asibitin daidai da shari'ar ku kyauta.

Ciwon daji na huhu a yau shine ɗayan nau'ikan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta mafi ƙarancin cuta. A matsakaita, akwai masu fama da cutar huhu a cikin mutane 100,000 a duniya, ƙari ga haka, maza suna kamuwa da cutar sau 10 fiye da mata, kuma yawan mazauna birane a cikin dukkan alamu ya fi yawan mazaunan ƙauyuka. Ko ta yaya, magungunan zamani suna da ƙarfi don magance wannan nau'in cutar oncology: tare da samun dama ta lokaci don taimako, maiyuwa ne ba kawai dakatar da ci gaba da cutar ba, har ma ya manta da ita har abada.Ciwon dajihuhu: bayanin martaba cuta da kuma hangen nesa na warkewaKimanin mutane miliyan 5 ke mutuwa sakamakon cutar sankara a kowace shekara a duniya. Ana kuma kiranta wannan nau'in cutar sanƙarau ta fata ta bronchogenic carcinoma, ko kuma cututtukan bronchogenic. Harkar ciki na tasowa ne daga huhun ciki na hanji na ciki, da na alveoli da epithelium na ƙwayoyin hanji. Duk da gaskiyar cewa etiology na cutar har yanzu ba a san shi ba, manyan dalilai na faruwar hakan sun hada da: shan sigari; bayyanar radon da wasu carcinogens (ma'adinin asbestos shine mafi haɗari ga huhu); wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta; increasedara yawan maida hankali ga ƙurar ƙura a cikin iska. Pathogenesis na ciwon daji na huhu akannullnullhuhu.Wani halin ciwon huhu na cikin farji yana nuna shi har ya zama girmansa ya kai girman 3 cm, wanda ba ya yin metastasize. Neoplasm din yana cikin kashi daya na huhu ko kuma a cikin kashin kansa.Mataki na 2 - tumo har zuwa 6 cm is located a cikin kashi na huhu ko a cikin sechal bronchus. Single metastases a cikin huhu da kuma bronchopulmonary lymph nodes ana lura.Mataki na 3 - tumo wanda ya fi girma 6 cm tare da sauyawa zuwa wani gefen huhun huhun ko tsiro na kusa da mashako ko babban mashako. Ana samun Metastases a cikin bifurcation, tracheobronchial, lymph nodes.4mataki na ciwon daji na huhu an kwatanta shi da metastases a cikin tsarin nesa da gabobin, hukunce hukunce da / ko haɗarin haɗuwa. Wannan rarrabuwa yana aiki ne kawai don maganin cututtukan ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta squamous. Game da ƙananan ƙwayar cutar daji, wanda ke tasowa da sauri, matakai 2 ne kawai ake rarrabe su. Farkon - iyakataccen mataki - yana tare da fassarar ƙwayoyin pathogenic a cikin huhu ɗaya da kyallen takaddun kusa. A mataki na biyu, tumowar ya mamaye yankin zuwa waje da huhu da kuma gabobin can nesa.Jiyyar cutar sankara na huhuKyakkyawan ganewar asali game da cututtukan huhu yana da mahimmanci, saboda zaɓin hanyoyin da suka dace na magani sun dogara da shi. Babban hanyoyin sunetiyata, chiki da warkewar motsa jiki. Godiya ga saurin haɓaka fasahar likitanci, waɗannan hanyoyin suna samun aminci da tasiri.1. Ana amfani da maganin tiyata don maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwayar squamous. Yayin aikin, an cire kumburin kansa ko kansa daban. Removedarfin nama da aka cire ya dogara da yanayin tumo da matsayin shi. Halin da ake ciki yanzu game da cutar kansar huhu shine amfani da ƙarancin hanyoyin wuce gona da iri, waɗanda ake samarwa ta amfani da kyamarar bidiyo mai ƙanƙantar da hankali. Ana kiran wannan dabarar ta hanyar Taimakon Bishiyar Thoracoscopic (VATS). Irin waɗannan ayyukan suna haɗuwa da ƙoshin da ba zai iya magana ba, kuma tsarin farfadowa bayan su ya ci gaba da sauri.2. Chemotherapy- Babban magani ga mafi yawan masu fama da cutar sankara. Asalinsa ya ta'allaka ne kan shan magungunan da ke lalata Kwayoyin cutar kansa.3. Ido (niyya) farfajiya don cutar kansa. Irin waɗannan kwayoyi suna gane ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari ta takamaiman halayensu kuma suna lalata su, yana tasiri mahimman ayyuka (haɓaka, rarrabuwa). Kari akan haka, irin wadannan magungunan suna rushewar jini ga tumbin. Ana iya yin amfani da niyya (wanda aka yi niyya) za'a iya tsara shi azaman hanyar magani mai zaman kanta ko a hade tare da maganin cutar kansa domin kara tasirin magani.4. Magungunan ƙwayar cuta a cikin lura da cutar sankara ta huhu wata sabuwar hanya ce kuma ingantacciya kuma jagora a cikira'ayin mazan jiya oncology Irin wannan jiyya yana ba ku damar kafa sel na rigakafin ku da ƙwayoyin cutar kansa da kuma “manufa” kawai ke shafar ƙwayoyin tumo.5. Zazzabi. Zazzabin ciwan kansa tare da wani katako mai karfi na haskoki na gamma, sakamakon abin da kwayar kansa ta mutu (sun daina haɓaka da haihuwa). Ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar nesa ko kuma hanya mai girma. Tare da lura da radadin radadi, duka ciwan kansa da kuma sassan metastasis na yanki suna fuskantar fitila. Hakanan ana amfani da maganin Radiation don ƙananan ƙwayar cuta.Bar izini a rukunin gidan yanar gizon mu kuma ƙwararrun likitocinku zasu tuntuɓarku kuma su taimaka muku zaɓi mafi kyawun asibitin daidai da shari'ar ku kyauta.

Abu na farko da marasa lafiya da kowace mace suke buƙatar sani game da ciwon daji na nono (kamar yadda, hakika, game da kowane nau'in ciwon daji): a yau wannan ba magana ce ba, farkon matakin cutar, mafi girman damar da ke tattare da cutar kansa. Kuma ko da a cikin matakai na gaba, akwai ƙarin da dama don yaƙar cutar yadda ya kamata saboda ci gaban hanyoyin juyin juya halin zamani na likita (duba ƙasa).Wanene ke haɗarin? Cutar sankarar nono cuta ce mafi muni wacce ke faruwa a kusan ɗaya daga cikin mata goma. Ana iya gano cutar sankarar nono a kowane zamani, amma bayan shekara 65, haɗarinsamuwar tumo shine sau 6 sama da wannan zamanin. Masu binciken sun gano dalilan da ke haifar da ci gaban cutar:1) ɗaukar nauyi mai nauyi: idan dangi, musamman a bangaren mahaifa, sun kamu da cutar kansa ta nono, gabobin mace, da sauran cututtukan oncological, to haɗarin haɓakar ciwon kansa na haɓaka;2) farkon fara haila (har zuwa shekaru 12) da kuma ƙarshen haila (bayan shekaru 55);3) rashin haihuwa na farko, ƙarshen haihuwa (bayan shekaru 30), rashin lactation ko wani ɗan gajeren nono, nono bayan haihuwa;4) rayuwar jima'i mara daidaituwa;5) raunin ƙwayar mammary;6) bayyanar cututtuka na “ƙimammary gland hyperplasia ”;7) kiba;8) rashin lafiyar thyroid;9) maganin maye gurbin motsa jiki.Cutar Ciwon daji A aikace, a aikace, ana gano ƙari a cikin ƙwayar mammary a cikin mafi yawan lokuta macen ko mata, wanda kuma hakan yana faruwa. Za'a iya gano tumor din a lokacin gwaji ta hanyar likitan dabbobi, likitan mahaifa, likitan tiyata, ko kuma bincike ne mai haɗari yayin gwajin nunawa.Abin da alamun ya kamata faɗakarwa:    ban da ji don ilimi a cikin nono, mace na iya lura da canje-canje a cikin nono: ulceration, bita, tabo daga kan nono. Wannan shine lokaci don tuntuɓi likita kai tsaye!     a cikin matakan daga baya alamagirma rauni, lalacewar lafiya, tari, matsanancin rauni na numfashi, ciwon kashi na iya faruwa.Magungunan Ciwon nono Ana aiwatar da maganin cutar nono a matakai da yawa ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban. Ana amfani da manyan hanyoyi guda uku a yau:Magungunan maganin rigakafi.Akwai nau'ikan wannan nau'in maganin, wato:* sunadarai: a wannan yanayin, ana amfani da magungunan da ke nufin lalata ƙwayoyin tumor;* maganin cututtukan hormone, wato, amfani da magungunan da ke soke ayyukan hormonal na tumor da jiki;* Aikin da aka yi niyya shine sabon shugabanci, kusanci inda magunguna suke '' kara karfi 'kan tasirin kwayar cutar tumbi sannan kuma suke yin aiki sosai ga masu koshin lafiyanama mutum;* Rashin ƙwayar cuta shine sabon shugabanci, wanda a yau ake kira babban taron kasa da ƙasa game da cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan daji. Babban mahimmancin immunotherapy yana cikin shirye-shirye na musamman na sel mai haƙuri. Godiya ga kebantacciyar fasahar su, sun zama babban makami mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya ganewa kuma ya lalata ƙwayoyin kansa gaba ɗaya.Tare da gano cutar kansar nono, ana kuma amfani da aikin tiyata da kuma maganin warkewa.Bar izini a rukunin gidan yanar gizon mu kuma ƙwararrun likitocinku zasu tuntuɓarku kuma su taimaka muku zaɓi mafi kyawun asibitin daidai da shari'ar ku kyauta.

Cutar sankarar mahaifa ita ce cutar cancer ta hudu mafi yawan mutane a tsakanin maza; a cikin mata, ba shi da yawa. A matsayinka na mai mulki, mafitsara yana ci gaba a hankali, kuma ana iya samun nasarar gudanar da shi ba tare da babban tiyata ba. Haka kuma, a mafi yawan lokuta cututtukan daji na mafitsara, hadarin kamuwa da kumburin rayuwa yana da ƙanƙanci. Ganowar farko da kuma gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun sune mabuɗin nasarar nasarar magani.Alamar cutar kansa ta mafitsaraAlamar mafi yawan cutar kansa a jiki ita ce bayyanar jini a cikin fitsari. Wasu lokuta ana iya gani tare da ido tsirara, amma yawancin lokuta kasancewar sel sel jini za'a iya gano shi yayin janarurinalysis. Bayyanar jini a cikin fitsari na iya kasancewa tare da abubuwan jin daɗi yayin fitsari (yawanci ana bayyana shi da “ƙonewa”). Bugu da ƙari, urination na iya zama mafi yawan lokuta da gaggawa fiye da yadda aka saba. A farkon matakan cutar, wasu alamun ba su nan. Don haka, idan akwai jini a cikin fitsari ko kuma idan wani abu ya kan hana ruwa a cikin urination, ya kamata a bincika nan da nan. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa waɗannan alamun ba lallai ba ne suna nuni da kasancewar kumburin ciki - ana iya haifar da su ta hanyar dutse, kumburi, kumburin ciki, karuwa. A kowane hali, dalilin wadannan alamun dole ne a fara tantance shi daidai.Ta yayaAna kamuwa da cutar kansa ta mafitsara?Idan aka sami jini a cikin fitsari, ya kamata a yi gwaje-gwaje da yawa don ware ƙari daga mafitsara. Wannan cuta ita ce alhakin urology, saboda haka koda kun kasance zuwa likitan iyali, ya kamata ku ziyarci likitan urologist. Bayan bayyana tarihin likita da gwaji na zahiri, dole ne ku yi ƙarin gwaje-gwaje da yawa, yawanci ba sa buƙatar asibiti.Yayin cystoscopy, an saka bakin ciki na ƙoshin ciki ta cikin urethra (urethra) a cikin mafitsara. Tare da shi, a hankali za ku bincika sararin ciki na mafitsara ku duba kumburi ko wasu cututtuka. Hakanan zaka iya ɗaukar samfurin daga bango.mafitsara (biopsy). An gudanar da gwajin ne a kwance, a karkashin maganin hana haihuwa, kuma baya bukatar asibiti. Bayan cystoscopy, karamin abin mamaki na konewa yayin urination mai yiwuwa ne, wanda zai wuce bayan kwana daya ko biyu. Ana sha da yawan shan ruwa awannan kwanaki.CT urography shine ƙididdigar ƙwayar tomography lokacin da za'a iya amfani da wakili mai bambanci a cikin jikin mutum da sauri ya fi mayar da hankali a cikin urethra. Bayan wannan, kayan maye da aka lissafa sun nuna halin da kodan, ureters da mafitsara. Idan mara lafiya yana fama da cutar asma ko kuma yana da rashin lafiyar ƙwayoyi ko aidin, ya kamata a sha magunguna na musamman a gaban hanyar don magance rashin lafiyar. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa duban dan tayi da kuma lissafin tomographykodan bai isa ya bayar da wani cikakken bayani ba wanda ya san abin da ke haifar da jini a cikin fitsari.Kulawar cutar kansaMataki na farko shine ka cire kumburin. An aika da ƙwayar abin da aka cire zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don tantance nau'in tumo da zurfin shigar azzakarin ta zuwa bangon mafitsara. Cire tumon (ko kwatankwacinsa) yawanci yakan faru ne yayin asibiti. Ana yin wannan kwatancin a karkashin maganin sa barci ta hanyar amfani da na'urar cystoscope kamar za a saka ta cikin urethra (urethra), ba tare da incisions ko bude kogon ciki ba. A mafi yawancin halayen, bayan an gano ciwan, an gayyaci mara lafiyar zuwa aikin da aka shirya. Koyaya, a yanayin inda cutar take haifardon zubar da jini koyaushe, ana buƙatar tiyata na gaggawa. A matsayinka na mai mulki, kamuwa da cuta yana haifar da dakatar da zub da jini. Wasu lokuta cikakke cire tumbin ba zai yiwu ba saboda girmanta ko zurfin shigar azzakari cikin farji ta mafitsara. A cikin irin waɗannan halayen, za a yi wani gwaji don tantance nau'in ciwan kuma da zurfin shigar azzakarin, lokacin da za a yi amfani da wasu hanyoyin magani. Bayan tiyata, za a bar catheli a cikin mafitsara ta cikin urethra kwanaki da yawa saboda rauni na tiyata zai iya warkarwa. A cikin kwanakin farko bayan tiyata, ana iya samun karin zubar jini daga mafitsara, wanda yakamata a dakatar. Bayan cire catheterjin gaggawa da konewa, ko jin zafi yayin fitar fitsari. Yawanci, wannan tsangwama na ɗan lokaci ne. A mafi yawan lokuta, mai haƙuri zai iya komawa aikin gida na al'ada kwanaki 2-3 bayan tiyata. Yanke shawarar ci gaba da magani ya dogara da sakamakon binciken ƙirar tarihi (nau'in ƙwayar cuta da zurfin shigar azzakari cikin farji).Mataki na biyu na magani na iya haɗawa da zaɓuɓɓuka uku.    Cutar zahiri, ba ta shiga sama da epithelium mai canzawa. A wannan yanayin, ba a buƙatar ci gaba da magani. Duk da wannan, irin wannan ciwanwar na sake faruwa sau da yawa, musamman a farkon shekarun bayan tiyata. A saboda wannan dalili, musammanYana da mahimmanci a bincika kullun a cikin asibitin urological.     Harshen kumburin ya shiga bayan wucewar wucin ginin, amma bai shiga cikin tsoka ba. A wannan yanayin, muna magana ne game da cutar kumburin sama-sama, amma ana buƙatar ƙarin magani. A matsayinka na mai mulki, magunguna na musamman ana allurar dasu cikin mafitsara. Mafi mashahuri kuma ingantaccen magani ana kiransa BCG. Manufarta ita ce haɓaka amsawar rigakafin gida. Hakanan ana amfani da magungunan cytotoxic da ke kashe ƙwayoyin kansa. Dalilin BCG da sauran magunguna shine don hana sake dawowar cutar tumbi bayan kamanceceniya. Hakanan ana bada shawarar wannan magani a lokuta kamar kasancewar cutar tarin fuka da yawa.ko saurin murmurewa cikin watanni da yawa bayan tiyata. Ana gudanar da magungunan sau ɗaya a mako don kimanin makonni shida, a cikin asibitin urological, ta amfani da matattarar bakin ciki da aka saka a cikin mafitsara. Bayan an ba da maganin, ana tambayar mai haƙuri ya guji yin maganin urin awanni biyu. Marasa lafiya na iya fuskantar jin ƙonewa lokacin da urin zafi da jin daɗin ji a cikin ƙananan ciki, duk da haka, suna wucewa da sauri.     Tumo ya shiga cikin tsoka, zurfin cikin ganuwar mafitsara. A wannan halin, kamuwa da cutar kumburin ciki bai isa ba. Yawancin lokaci, kuna buƙatar cire kullin kafinbude kogon ciki. Makasudin kamawar mafitsara shine cire kwayoyin cutar kansa gaba daya don murmurewa sosai.     Bayan kama da mafitsara, ya kamata a kirkiro wani mai maye gurbin don ba shi damar yin urinate. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don waɗannan maye gurbin:    Fitsari ya shiga kai tsaye cikin jakar da aka makala a jikin bangon ciki.     Irƙira wani madadin urinary aljihu a cikin ƙwayar jikin mutum (yana buƙatar gabatar da catheter sau da yawa a rana don wofin aljihun fitsari).     Wani madadin urinary aljihu a cikin ramin jikin mutum wanda ke ba da damar urination na al'ada ta cikin urethra.WataƙilaShin akwai cikakken murmurewa?Amsar ba ta zama daidai ba: Ee. Mafi yawan ciwukan na mafitsara sune ciwan bakin ciki. Cire ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta cikin urethra (wani lokacin hade tare da gabatarwar BCG a cikin mafitsara) yana haifar da cikakkiyar ɓacewa. Sau da yawa, bayan wani lokaci, ciwan zai sake dawowa, amma tare da yin gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun, zaku iya gano shi a farkon lokacin kuma kuyi nasarar shawo kan shi. Gwajin asibiti ya hada da urinalysis, cystoscopy da lissafin tomography na urethra. Yawancin lokaci sun wuce tun jiyya ta ƙarshe, ƙasa da sauƙin buƙatar buƙatar dubawa. Yana da mahimmanci ka tuna cewa shan sigari na kara haɗarinka.koma bayan cutar mafitsara; saboda haka, idan kun sha taba, ya kamata ku daina wannan mummunan dabi'ar.Tumbin da ke shiga zurfi cikin bangon mafitsara kuma ana iya warke gabaɗaya tare da taimakon kamanninsa. A mafi yawan lokuta, yana yiwuwa a kirkiri wani mafitsara wanda zai ba da damar fitar da iska ta al'ada ta hanyar urethra. Godiya ga wannan, mai haƙuri ba zai iya murmurewa ba kawai, amma kuma ya dawo kan aikin al'ada wanda ya saba da shi.Bar izini a rukunin gidan yanar gizon mu kuma ƙwararrun likitocinku zasu tuntuɓarku kuma su taimaka muku zaɓi mafi kyawun asibitin daidai da shari'ar ku kyauta.

Ciwon daji na hanta cuta ce mai raunin gaske wanda ke da yawan mace-mace. Bayan bayyanar sabon neoplasm, mummunan sakamako na iya faruwa bayan 'yan watanni. Oncology na iya faruwa a lobes na hanta ko bile bututu. Harshen kansa yana nunawa ta hanyar haɓaka ta hanzari da haɓakar metastases, kazalika da ƙarancin damar maganin. Yayin bayyanar cutar, an kafa matakan cutar. Akwai guda huɗu a cikin duka, rarrabuwa ya dogara da abubuwan fasalin halittar mutum, wurin da aka gano da kuma matsayin lalacewa:Na Farko (I). Ciwon yana iya zama dabam dabam, amma yana cikin jiki, babu 'yar kumburi a cikin jijiyoyin, kumburi dasauran gabobin. Aiki yana faruwa cikakke. A farkon matakin, alamun farko na cutar kansa hanta sune gajiya, rauni, rage aiki da rashin jin daɗi a saman gefen dama. Bayan 'yan makonni, akwai karuwa a hanta a girma.Na biyun (II). Samuwar yana ƙaruwa zuwa 5 cm a diamita, yayin da jin nauyi da raɗaɗi ko jin zafi a ciki ana kara su zuwa alamun bayyanar. Da farko, azanci mai ban tsoro ya bayyana a hankali yayin aiki na jiki, to ya zama ya zama mai zurfi kuma akai-akai. A mataki na biyu, akwai alamun narkewar abinci, kamar ƙi, ci, tashin zuciya, tashin zuciya,amai, gudawa. Mai haƙuri yana fara rage nauyi da sauri.Na Uku (III). M girma girma, sauran foci na wuri ne na Kwayoyin cuta bayyana. Cutar daji mafi yawancin lokuta ana gano ta a wannan matakin saboda gaskiyar cewa alamomin suna kara bayyana.Akwai abubuwa guda uku na cutar:    IIIa. Harkar kumbura ta shimfida hancin hanta da kuma girma a jiki. Germination yana faruwa a cikin manyan jijiyoyi, amma babu wani yaduwa zuwa ga gabobin nesa da na nono.    IIIb. Rashin daidaiton sel mai haɗari tare da gabobin ciki na ciki da ƙirar waje na hanta an lura. A tsari bamafitsara ya shiga tsakani.    IIIc. An hanata hanta da ƙari, yana yadawa zuwa nono. Ayyukan sashin jiki yana da rauni, wanda ke shafar yanayin jikin. Mai haƙuri yana haɓaka edema, sautin fata na icteric, jijiyoyin gizo-gizo, jijiyoyin jiki, da jin daɗin cikar ciki. Ayyukan glandon endocrine sun lalace kuma zafin jiki ya tashi. Lossarfin nauyi mai nauyi yana ɗaukar nauyin fuskokin fuskoki da raguwa a cikin ƙwayar fata. Zafin ya zama mai karfi da jinkiri. A wannan matakin, yawanci jinin jini ne na ciki da na ciki.    Na Hudu (IV). An yi la'akari da cutar kansa na hanta 4aiwatarwa ba tsari. Metastases tare da lymph da gudan jini yana yaduwa cikin jiki, yana ƙara rushe ayyukan gabobin da tsarin. Akwai matakai biyu na cutar kansa hanta 4 digiri:    IVA. Lura ga jikin gaba daya an gano shi, toron yayi girma zuwa gabobin da ke kewaye da shi. A cikin gabobin nesa, ba'a gano metastases ba.     IVB. Dukkanin gabobi da tsarin suna aiki ne ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta. Akwai neoplasms da yawa masu girma dabam. Fasali na hanta 4 na ciki tare da metastases yana tare da dilatation na veins a cikin akwati, maƙarƙashiya, ciwo mai zafi, rashin lafiyar tunani, saurin canzawar yanayi, babban rashinauyi, karuwa a ciki cikin girma. Idan ka kalli hotunan marasa lafiya da cutar kansa ta hanta ta 4, zaku iya ganin bayyanar fata, fata mai laushi da kasusuwa da kasala mai tsoka.Oncology yana ba da kansa da kyau don magani a matakai biyu na farko, to ba zai yuwu ba magani. Oncologists zai iya ba da magani kawai na gwaji don rage yanayin da sauƙaƙa ciwo mai zafi.Lokacin da aka tambaye shi tsawon lokacin da suke zaune tare da ciwon kansa na hanta 4, babu amsa guda. Komai zai dogara da matakin lalacewa da kuma yadda haƙuri zai bi da ilmin.JiyyaMai haƙuri da mahallinsa koyaushe nedamuwa idan ana cutar kansa ko a'a? Za'a iya amsa wannan tambayar ne kawai daga likitan halartar, wanda ya mallaki bayani game da sakamakon gwaje-gwaje da gwaje-gwajen gwaji. Lokacin zabar dabarun magani don cutar kansa, yana da mahimmanci:   - girman tumor;    - fannonin ilimi;    - digiri na lalacewa;    - aikin sarrafa tumor;    - kasancewar metastases;    - yanayin yanayin mai haƙuri.Ana amfani da jagororin jiyya masu zuwa don rage girman ciwan kansa, da keɓaɓɓersa da haɓaka tsammanin rayuwa a cikin oncology:    Magungunan magani.Ga mai haƙuriAn tsara Nexavar da Sorafenib, abubuwa masu aiki waɗanda ke da tasiri mai guba a cikin sel da abin ya shafa. Godiya ga tasirin da aka yi niyya akan ilimi, kyallen takarda masu lafiya basa lalacewa. Cutar sankara ta gargajiya ba ta taimaka da cutar kansa ta hanta.Radiation far.Yin amfani da x-ray mai da hankali a cikin manyan allurai yana taimakawa wajen magance ciwan, rage zafi da canja cutar zuwa gafara. Ya dace da maganin cutar kankara kan kowane mataki.    AblationWannan hanyar ita ce lalata neoplasm ta hanyar gabatar da ethanol a cikin tumor, kazalika da amfani da hasken lantarki, rakumin rediyo mai karfi, da tsinkaye. Jiyya ba tare da tiyata baa hanta tare da oncology yana ba da sakamako mai kyau idan tumbi yana da diamita ƙasa da 3 cm.    Ciwon jijiyoyin bugun jini.Sakamakon gabatarwar magunguna na musamman a cikin tasoshin hanta, an toshe hanyoyin samun jini zuwa ga neoplasm, hakan yana haifar da raguwar girmanta. Hanyar tana da tasirin gaske a cikin ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi tare da diamita na har zuwa cm 5. Ana amfani da shi sau da yawa a hade tare da almakashi, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da maganin warkewar iska.Shin za a iya warkar da cutar kansa hanta ta tiyata? A mafi yawan lokuta, aikin tiyata yana ba ka damar hango nan gaba da gaba gaɗi. Cire Tumbi ko dasa hanta yana ƙara haɓaka haƙuri sosaishafe tsawon gafartawa. Ka'idodin aikin tiyata shine ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta na gida guda ɗaya da kuma raunin raunuka na cutar hanta a wajen hanta. Yaya za a magance ciwon daji na hanta idan tumbin ɗin ba ya iyawa? A wannan yanayin, ana nuna gabatarwar cytostatics kai tsaye zuwa manyan tasoshin hanta da kuma amfani da waɗancan hanyoyin marassa ƙarfi a sama.Ya kamata a tuna cewa babu wani magani na mu'ujiza don cutar kansa, amma dole ne koyaushe yi imani da murmurewa. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi ko ana kula da cutar kansa na hanta, a mafi yawan lokuta, masana ilimin kansar suna ba da amsa da kyau. A cikin asibitinmu, ƙungiyar likitoci da ke da mafi kyawun rukunan likita da lakabi na kimiyya suna taimaka wajan neman lafiya.

nullmiyagun ƙwayoyi da maganin raunin jiki suna da alaƙa da aiki. Zaɓin zaɓi na hanyar magani shine girman da wurin da tumo, yanayin mai haƙuri da cututtukan da ke tattare da cuta.Tare da ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙwayar cuta wanda ba ya tsiro da mucosa, mucosa kawai tare da sutturar juji yana kama da gastroscope, kuma sakamakon magani yana da kyau.A mataki na I - II na ciwon kansa, an cire wani ɓangare na esophagus, lahani yana cike da ɓangaren hanjin ko an kafa bututu daga ciki. Yau yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da kayan aikin endoscopic don waɗannan ayyukan.Tare da yaduwar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta zuwa cikin murfin tsoka da gaba, kuma ana yin wani aikin, amma wannannullWani lokacin ana yin aikin chemoradiotherapy tare da isasshen aikin tiyata. Za'a iya yin Chemotherapy idan tiyata ba zai yiwu ba, lokacin da ƙari ya yi girma, ko tare da ƙaramin tono, amma tare da janar na gaba don tiyata. A wannan zaɓi na ra'ayin mazan jiya, rayuwa tana daidai da maganin tiyata. Kasancewar fistulas, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta ba zai yiwu ba. Chemotherapy na iya samun rikitarwa ta hanyar kumburi mai zurfi na mucous membrane na esophagus, wanda zai buƙaci abinci ta hanyar nutsar.Bar izini a rukunin gidan yanar gizon mu kuma ƙwararrun likitocinku zasu tuntuɓarku kuma su taimaka muku zaɓi mafi kyawun asibitin daidai da shari'ar ku kyauta.

nullduk cututtukan ƙwayar ƙwayar koda ana tantance su ba da izini ba, tare da shirya duban dan tayi tare da cikakken rashi kowane alamun cutar.Alamar sifofin cutar yanzu ba ta zama ruwan dare ba.    1. Jini a cikin fitsari (hematuria). Fitowar ta na iya zama kwatsam da fa'ida.     2. Jin zafi a baya da ƙananan baya: waɗannan gunaguni suna da alaƙa da haɓakar kumburi a cikin gabobin maƙwabta ko toshewar ureter.     3. Shingina a cikin ciki (bugun mutum na fitar da kumburin ciki).     4. Haɓaka yawan zafin jiki da hauhawar jini (ƙarshen na iya lalacewa ta hanyar matsawa tsokoki ko samar da ƙari na ciki).5. Varicocele.     6. Rage nauyi, kasawa gaba daya, matsananciyar gabbai, gumi dare, da yawan kiba.Abin takaici, sau da yawa alamun cutar kansa koda ba su bayyana nan da nan, cutar ta ci gaba a cikin tsari asymptomatic na dogon lokaci. Abin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci don yin gwajin rigakafin yau da kullun, yin gwajin duban dan tayi ɗaukar gwajin jini da fitsari.Cutar cutar sankarar kodaBayyanar cutar kansa na ƙwayar koda ya ƙunshi nau'ikan manipulations daban-daban, wanda zai ba ka damar kafa madaidaicin ganewar asali tare da madaidaicin daidaito.   1. Hanyar ganewar asali mafi araha shine duban dan tayi.    2. Tsarin zinare don gano cutar cututtukan koda shine kwamfutatomography tare da bambanci. Toididdigar wasan kwaikwayo da aka ƙididdige ta ba da cikakken hoto game da matsayin ƙari, girmanta, matakin asibiti da haɓakar tumor a gabobin dake kusa da ita.   3. Nazarin urinal yana bayyana kasancewar jini a cikin fitsari.   4. Gwajin jini yana ba ka damar gano alamun kai tsaye na cutar: anemia, matakan haɓakar alkaline phosphatase, urea a cikin jini, da sauransu.   5. MRI don gano cututtukan ƙwayar ƙwayar koda ana amfani dashi ƙasa da CT, babban nuni ga yin MRI shine contraindication don aiwatar da CT.   6. Ana yin gwajin kwayoyin cutar kansar koda don tabbatar da cutar.da kuma tantance ƙarin dabarun magani. Abin takaici, a wasu halaye, nazarin halittun da ke tattare da cutar koda ba shi da cin rai, saboda wannan dalilin ba a cika yin wannan binciken ba.  7. Don ƙayyade metastases a cikin huhu da ƙasusuwa na kwarangwal, ana amfani da x-ray kirji da osteoscintigraphy.  8. Rio angiography - gwajin X-ray tare da wakili na bambanci.Dangane da menene alamun cutar daji na koda, yanayin mai haƙuri da kuma sakamakon gwaje-gwaje na farko, likita ya zaɓi wasu hanyoyi na gano ƙwayar cutar koda don ƙirƙirar hoto mafi haƙiƙa.Matakan ciwon kodaAkwai matakai guda 4 na cututtukan ƙwayar ƙwayar koda wanda aka bambantanullko ƙari na shimfidawa zuwa ƙwayar cutar ta koda / vena cava.     4. Hakkin cutar sankara ta yara 4. Wani kumburi ya fashe da kalar koda.Kula da cutar kansaAna lura da cututtukan ƙwayar cutar kansar ta kan wasu hanyoyin da aka yarda da yawa waɗanda ake amfani da su daban-daban ko fahimta. Likita mai halartar, wanda ya danganta da nau'in cutar, matakin asibiti na shekarun mara lafiyar da kuma walwala, abubuwan da suke gudana tare da sauran dalilai, na iya yin amfani da hanyoyin magani daban-daban. Hanya mafi inganci don magance cutar koda shine ta cire tiyata. Nephrectomy na radical shine cikakkiyar cirewar koda da cutar ta shafa, yawanci tare da mahaifa mahaifa, kumburi, da wani lokacinadrenal gland shine yake. Idan girman kumburin bai wuce 7 cm ba, ana yin wani juyi na wani koda. Tare da hanyar gargajiya, wanda ake yin cire ƙwayar koda ko kamantarsa ​​ta hanyar babban abin ɓoye, akwai laparoscopic daya. A wannan yanayin, ana cire tumo ko an yi amfani dashi ta amfani da kayan aikin musamman da aka sanya a cikin ramin ciki ta hanyar kananan incisions (2 cm) Hanyar laparoscopic tana da alaƙa da ƙananan mita na rikitarwa. Bugu da kari, farfado da haƙuri yana da sauri. Wani magani na magance cutar ciwan koda shine cryoablation. Mahimmin hanyar shine a daskare da tumo tare da taimakon kayan kwalliya na musamman da aka saka cikin tumo. KunkuruKashe kansa ta hanyar daskarewa da daskarewa, wanda a ƙarshe yakan haifar da mutuwar ƙwayoyin kansa. Wannan hanyar ita ce mafi ƙarancin rauni ga mara lafiya kuma ana nuna shi lokacin da tiyata ba zai yiwu ba, ciwan ƙodan biyu da ƙari na koda ɗaya. An tsara maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi (chemotherapy, farjin hormone ko immunotherapy) idan an kamu da cutar kansa na ƙwayar koda (mataki na 4), lokacin da tiyata ba zai yiwu ba.Yin rigakafin Ciwon kodaDon hana ciwon koda, yana da mahimmanci a daina shan sigari, sarrafa nauyi kuma ku ci abinci mai daidaita (tare da yawancin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari). Don haka, salon rayuwa mai lafiya shine babbar hanyar hana wannan cutar.

Cutar daji ta kansa ita ce cutar daji ta uku da ta fi yawa tsakanin maza a Rasha bayan cutar kansa da hujin ciki. Ana samun ta a cikin ɗayan maza goma sha biyar da suka wuce shekara 40. Kowace shekara a cikin duniya, ana kamuwa da cutar cizon sauro a cikin mutane miliyan, kuma kusan ɗaya cikin uku daga cikinsu suna mutuwa saboda wannan cutar.Me yasa cutar kansa ta hanji?An sani cewa wannan yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin yanayin hormonal, ƙaddarar jini, rashin abinci mai gina jiki da kuma tasirin wasu abubuwan, rawar har yanzu ba a kafa shi cikakke ba. Daga lokacin cutar kansa ta farkoKwayoyin kafin haɓakar bayyanar cututtuka waɗanda ke haifar da mutum zuwa tattaunawa tare da likita yawanci yana ɗaukar shekaru da yawa. Saboda wannan dalili, sau da yawa ana ganin mara lafiyar ne ta ƙwararren masanin ilimin cututtukan fata tare da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da ke da wahalar warkewa. Gaba ɗaya, al'ada ce a rarrabe matakai huɗu na cutar kansa na mata masu haila:Matsayi na 1 an san shi da girman girman ciwan kansa, kasancewar shigar hannu cikin jijiyoyin jiki yayin aikin sankara (ƙwayoyin daji na iya isa wurin tare da kwararar lymph) da kuma haƙuri. A matsayinka na mai mulki, a wannan matakin, ana gano cutar kansa ta hanji kwatsam - yayin maganin wani cuta na glandon. Hasashen rayuwar mai haƙuri abu ne mai kyau,nullnullfa'idodin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali waɗanda ke tsawaita rayuwa da sauƙaƙa wahalar mai haƙuri, kodayake ba za su taimaka wajen shawo kan cutar kansa ba.Jiyya Ciwon MaraYadda lura da cutar kansa ta hanji zai tafi ba kawai kan matakin cutar ba. Nau'in tumor yana da mahimmanci - an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar biopsy, ɗaukar samfurori da yawa na nama da kuma bincika su a ƙwallon ƙyallen. Wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji - alal misali polycinus na ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta hanji ta hanji na haɓaka, haɓaka wasu suna shafan jijiyoyin jini. Experiencedwararren masanin ilimin kimiyyar incologist yana yin la’akari da duk waɗannan yanayi, da kuma ra’ayin mai haƙuri da kansa, kafin ɗaukayanke shawara kan dabarun likita.Ana amfani da muhimmiyar rawa ta kayan aikin asibitin. Ba asirce ba ne cewa yawancin fasahohin zamani da magunguna na zamani ba su samuwa a cibiyoyin cutar kansa na gida ko kuma suna a matakin aiwatarwa. Kuma har ma da irin wannan hanyoyin na gargajiya kamar cirewar prostate na iya bambanta sosai, wanda zai shafi ba wai kawai nasarar magani ba, har ma da ingancin rayuwar mai haƙuri.Jiyya na tiyataGamalar ta prostate ita ce muhimmiyar ƙwayar cuta, amma mazan babban mutum yana da ikon rayuwa ba tare da shi ba. Saboda haka, idan cutar daji ba ta yaɗu zuwa ga maƙwabta na kusa da kyallen takarda ba, kuma yanayin mai haƙuri ya ba da iziniAyyuka, thecologist zai ba da shawarar mai maganin mazakuta mai tsayi ga mutumin - cire prostate. A cikin farkon matakan cutar, wannan dabarar tana ba ku damar murmurewa cikin kankanin lokaci (zama a asibiti yana ɗaukar kwanaki 7).A halin yanzu, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa muna magana ne game da tsangwama tare da jiki, wanda ke haɗuwa da haɗari ga rayuwa, kuma yana haifar da wasu sakamako mara kyau. Don haka, marasa lafiya sau da yawa suna fuskantar matsaloli tare da urination na tsawon watanni bayan tiyata, fiye da rabin maza suna yin korafi game da ɓacewar tashin hankali.Wani zaɓi mai laushi don aikin tiyata na cutar kansa da ke cikin mahaifa shine maganin laparoscopic, wanda a cikiAn cire prostate ta hanyar kananan incisions - kawai 'yan milimita mai tsayi. A sakamakon haka, an rage haɗarin rikice-rikice na bayan haihuwa, kuma mai haƙuri ya sauƙaƙe hanyar da haƙuri sosai.HakkiWani madadin aikin tiyata na gargajiya na iya zama ƙwanƙwaran hanji. Wannan hanyar ana amfani da ita a farkon matakan cutar, lokacin da kansa bai riga ya wuce sashin jikin mutum ba. Yayin aikin, ana saka allura na musamman a cikin prostate ta hanyar mara haƙuri, ta hanyar abin da argon ruwa ko nitrogen ke shiga. Temperaturesarancin yanayin zafi yana lalata kyallen na gland, kuma likita, ta amfani da duban dan tayi, yana sarrafa cewa tasirin ba ya lalata gabobin maƙwabta. A sakamakon haka, baƙin ƙarfebai kamata a goge shi ba (duk da cewa an keta ayyukan sa) A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an ƙara bayar da kumburi a matsayin babban maganin cutar sankara, wanda ya dace da marasa lafiya na kowane zamani.RadiosurgeryOfayan mafi mahimmancin wuraren aikin jiyya don cutar kansa. Ya ƙunshi amfani da tsarin Cyber-Knife. Hanyar tana dogara ne akan tasirin hasken rana akan kwayar cutar, wanda yake kaiwa zuwa ga lalacewarsa a gida yayin riƙe amincin kyallen takarda. Amfani mai mahimmanci na hanyar shine cikakken rashin jin daɗinsa da raunin da ba shi ba: nan da nan bayan hanyar, mara lafiya na iya barin asibiti.ZazzabiIdan ƙari yayi muni ko ya girma a waje a cikin prostate,haka kuma a lokuta inda mara lafiyar ya yi rauni sosai a tiyata, na'urar tiyata zai iya zama madadin tsarin sikeli. Da farko dai, X-ray yakan kashe sel cikin hanzari - kuma ƙwayoyin kansa suna da saurin haɓakawa da ba a sarrafawa. Saboda haka, yayin zaman rukunin iska, kumburi ya ragu, kuma ƙusoshin da ƙwayoyin cuta suke “an tsaftace su”.An wajabta maganin warkewa azaman hanyar magani na daban, kuma azaman ƙari ga aikin: kafin ko bayan samarwa. Zamu iya magana game da maganin iska na waje (lokacin da mai haƙuri ya kasance a ƙarƙashin fitowar) da kuma maganin warkewar ciki, lokacinan gabatar da kayan karawa na musamman a cikin jikin mai haƙuri.Farjin gyaran jiki na waje shima yana da nasa nau'ikan. Oncologists suna neman rage tasirin radadi ga kyallen kayan jikin mutum, saboda haka suna ƙoƙarin nuna madaidaicin haske zuwa ƙwayar kamar yadda yakamata. An taimaka musu ta hanyoyi kamar su 3D na fitowar hasken rana, daɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗɗa (IMRT), maganin maganin sitiriyo mai guba (SBRT), da kuma maganin radion proton. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan hanyoyin suna da fa'ida da rashin amfani. Sau da yawa, maganin hana daukar ciki yana haifar da rikicewar urination da rashin datti.Magungunan radiation na ciki (brachytherapy) yana ƙaruwa da sakamako na radiation ta ragenesa daga tushenta zuwa ƙwayoyin kansa. Manyan giram ɗin rediyo da aka yi amfani da su sun ƙunshi iodine na rediyoakti, palladium da wasu sinadarai waɗanda zasu iya shafar kyallenyen da ke kewaye da shi na dogon lokaci. Ya danganta da hanyar, waɗannan granules na iya kasancewa a cikin jiki na tsawon watanni (ci gaba da brachytherapy) ko kuma yayin zaman magani (brachytherapy na ɗan lokaci).ChemotherapyAna amfani da Chemotherapy, a matsayin mai mulki, a cikin yanayi idan cutar kansa ta yaɗu cikin jiki, don haka kuna buƙatar magance cutar a duniya. Magunguna da aka yi amfani da su don magance cututtukan cututtukan prostate an tsara su cikin darussan, sakamakon sakamakon far da ci gaban sakamako.Magungunan Chemotherapeutic suna da mummunan tasiri ba kawai kan cutar kansa ba, har ma a kan kyallen takarda masu lafiya. Sabili da haka, marasa lafiya da ke cikin irin wannan jiyya sau da yawa suna fama da rikicewar narkewa, rauni, asarar gashi da cututtuka.Jikan farjiWannan nau'in magani an yi shi ne don kunna garkuwar haƙuri. Kwayoyin cutar daji baƙon abu ne ga jikinmu, amma godiya ga hanyoyin kwantar da hankula na musamman, sun sami damar guje wa ba da rigakafi.Ana yin shirye-shiryen rigakafin rigakafi daban-daban - a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, an “horar da ƙwayoyin jinin mara lafiya” don gane ciwan, daga baya kuma aka gabatar da allurar rigakafin a cikin jiki. Abin takaici, masana ilimin kimiyyar ilimin halitta ba su sami nasarar cimma nasara ba tukunada tasiri na wannan dabarar, sabili da haka, mafi sau da yawa ana amfani dashi azaman taimako, da kuma a ƙarshen matakan cutar.Hormone jiyya don cutar kansaTunda yawan ciwan tumor yakan haifar da hakan ne ta hanyar kwayoyin halittun maza, a cikin matakan ci gaba na cutar kansa, likitoci zasu iya tsara magungunan da ke toshe hadarin wadannan abubuwan. Yawancin lokaci muna magana ne game da tsarin kulawa da magunguna na tsawon rai. Irin wannan jiyya na nufin zubar da jinya: aikin jima'i ya lalace daga asalin sa. A hade tare da wasu hanyoyi - alal misali, maganin kashe kuɗa da iska - ɗaukar homon na iya haifar da cikakkiyar magani ga marasa lafiyar da ke rikicewa a cikin aikin farfadowa na radical. A lokaci gudazazzagewar likitanci ana iya juyawa - bayan an cire magunguna.Zaɓuɓɓukan magani don maganin kansa yana da bambanci, kuma kowace shekara akwai bayanai game da sababbin hanyoyin da suka dace. A takaice dai, akwai kusan babu maganganun marasa fata yayin da magani ba shi da ikon taimakawa mai haƙuri. Yana da mahimmanci a sami likita wanda ya zaɓi ingantaccen dabarar warkewa. Kada ku yanke ƙauna - cin nasara kan cutar kansa ya ta'allaka ne gare ku.Bar izini a rukunin gidan yanar gizon mu kuma ƙwararrun likitocinku zasu tuntuɓarku kuma su taimaka muku zaɓi mafi kyawun asibitin daidai da shari'ar ku kyauta.

Ana amfani da hanyoyi da yawa don maganin ciwon daji na dubura ko karamin hanji, wanda kuma aka sani da cutar kansa ta colorectal, ya danganta da wurin da cutar take. Ciwon daji na faruwa lokacin da aka lura da bakin bakin sel na daban, wanda ke sa sel su fara rarrabawa da sauri sosai, maimakon su mutu su kuma sami ɗakin sabbin sel.Chemotherapy, ko na dabarar farji, ana aiwatar da shi tsawon watanni. Wasu sunadarai na iya yin jinkiri ko kuma hana ci gaban ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. Yankunan da ke tattare da shan chemotherapy (Darussan),An maye gurbinsu da ɗan hutu na makonni da yawa don mayar da jikin.A cikin layi daya tare da kemoterapi, ana iya aiwatar da maganin da aka yi niyya, wanda ke ba da damar magunguna don kai farmaki ƙwayoyin tumor da gangan, ta hanyar yin tasiri mara kyau a jikin mai haƙuri.Radiotherapy yana ba ku damar rushe ƙwayoyin kansa ta amfani da gwaji da kuma gwajin hasken rana.Tsarin da tsawon lokacin jiyya ya dogara da matsayin ci gaban kansa da lafiyar gaba ɗaya na mai haƙuri.Nagari    Cutar kansa     Kwayar cutar sankara     Kwayar cutar sankara

Matsakaicin, canji daga mahaifa zuwa cikin cutar kansa yana ɗaukar shekaru 2 zuwa 15. Canjin da ya biyo baya daga matakin farko na cutar kansa zuwa na ƙarshe ya kai shekaru 1-2.Cutar daji na mahaifa cuta ce mai cutarwa, wanda a cewar ƙididdigar likita tsakanin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta wanda ke faruwa a cikin jima'i na adalci, yana ɗaukar wuri na huɗu (bayan cutar kansa na ciki, fata da glandar dabbobi).Tushen ciwon daji na mahaifa shine sel waɗanda ke rufe mahaifa. Fiye da 600,000 na waɗannan ciwace-ciwacen daji ana gano su kowace shekara.marasa lafiya. Kodayake ciwon daji na mahaifa yawanci yana faruwa tsakanin shekarun 40-60, amma, rashin alheri, kwanannan ya zama ƙarami.Harkar da kansar mahaifa an haɗu kuma ta haɗa da tiyata, da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da kuma maganin motsa jiki. A kowane yanayi, ana wajabta jiyya daban-daban, ya dogara da matakin cutar, cututtukan da suka dace, da yanayin mahaifa, da kasancewar cututtukan kumburi a yanzu.Yayin aikin tiyata, za'a iya cire tumo tare da wani ɓangaren cikin mahaifa, cire ƙari tare dacervix, kuma wani lokacin tare da mahaifa kanta. Sau da yawa, ana yin wannan aikin ne ta cire ƙwayoyin tsotsar hannu na ƙashin ƙugu (idan ƙwayoyin kansar sun sami nasarar yin sa). Maganar cirewar ovaries ana yanke hukunci ne daban-daban (a farkon matakan cutar kansa a cikin yara mata, ana iya kiyaye kwayar ta).Bayan tiyata, idan ya cancanta, an wajabta wa marasa lafiya maganin warin gwiwa. Jiyya tare da ionizing radiation zai iya haɗawa da aikin tiyata, kuma ana iya tsara shi daban. A cikin lura da cutar kansa, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, ana iya amfani da magunguna na musamman waɗanda ke hana ci gaba girma.da kuma rarraba kwayar cutar kansa. Abin takaici, yuwuwar keɓaɓɓen cutar sankara don wannan cuta yana da iyaka.Nasarar magani ta mahaifa ya dogara da shekarun mai haƙuri, daidaitaccen zaɓi game da zaɓi, da, mafi mahimmanci, akan farkon gano cutar. Lokacin da aka gano cutar kansa ta mahaifa a farkon matakin, hangen nesa yana da matukar dacewa kuma cutar za a iya warke ta hanyoyin tiyata shi kaɗai.Bar izini a rukunin gidan yanar gizon mu kuma ƙwararrun likitocinku zasu tuntuɓarku kuma su taimaka muku zaɓi mafi kyawun asibitin daidai da shari'ar ku kyauta.

nullbayyana kansu a farkon matakan cutar (amma ban da stromal).Abubuwan haɗari masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da:     shekaru masu tasowa - a matsayinka na mai mulki, cutar ta bulla a cikin mata bayan haila, shekaru 50 zuwa 60 (shekaru 8 daga 10);      mata wadanda suka fara haila daga haihuwa (har zuwa shekaru 12) da kuma karshen haila (bayan shekaru 52);      shan taba      kiba      shan kwayoyi don rashin haihuwa da maganin kwantar da hankali na hormone;      polycystic;      endometriosis (yaduwar mahaifa na cikin rufin ciki);gado na gado (yanayin gado) - kasancewar dangi na kusa da kwai, nono, ko cutar daji.Matan da basu da yara kuma basu taɓa shan nono ba ma suna cikin haɗarin.Matsayi da nau'in cutar kansaAkwai matakai 4:    A mataki na farko, ana samun cutar kututture a cikin ɗaya ko duka biyun. Hasashen yana da inganci, magani yana da inganci, mafi yawan marasa lafiya suna shiga cikin nutsuwa ba tare da sun dawo da cutar ba.    A mataki na 2, neoplasm ya bazu zuwa sauran bangarorin ramin pelvic. Gabaɗaya, kuma a wannan matakin, hasashen yana da inganci, bisa ga ƙididdigar ƙididdiga a cikin shekaru biyarnullgwargwadon matsayin cutar malignancy:    A     aji B (matsakaici mara kyau) - ƙarin canje-canje canje-canje a cikin ƙwayoyin tumo yayin da aka bambanta su sosai;     aji C (babban cutar haɓaka) - kumburin haɓakar saurin girma, ƙananan ƙwayoyin aji.Magungunan Cutar OvarianHarkar haɗuwa yawanci ya ƙunshi haɗuwa da hanyar tiyata (tiyata) da chemotherapy.TurewaA matsayinka na mai mulkin, yayin tiyata don cutar kansa, ana cire gabobin guda biyu, shambukan mahaifa da mahaifa, jijiyoyin mahaifa da fitsari na tso adi a cikin ramin ciki.wanda ciwon kansa ya bazu.Idan budurwa za ta iya gano cutar a farkon (a mataki na 1), a wasu halaye ana yin aikin tiyata mai saukin kai tare da cire ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ciki da gefe. Baya ga gaskiyar cewa tsinkaya don warkewa a wannan yanayin tabbatacce ne, wannan yana ba ku damar kiyaye bege na ciki.Don rage rauni da kuma yiwuwar rikice-rikice, har ma don dalilai na kwaskwarima, ana iya yin tiyata don cutar kansa ta hanyar amfani da tsarin robotic na Robot da Vinci.ChemotherapyChemotherapy don maganin cancer na ovaries yawanci ana wajabta shi bayan tiyata a matsayin wani ɓangaren hadadden jiyya. Ana shayar da magunguna yawancia cikin jijiya ko kai tsaye cikin rami na ciki, ana amfani da haɗin waɗannan hanyoyin.A cikin matakan na gaba, ana iya zabar sunadarai a matsayin babbar hanyar warkewa.Radiation farA cikin lokuta mafi ƙaranci (tare da ciwo mai zafi, zubar jini daga tumo), farjin waje na waje ko brachytherapy (radiation contact) suna cikin tsarin kulawa don cutar kansa.Sake murmurewa bayan maganiTare da ingantacciyar hanyar farfadowa, cikakken murmurewa bayan lura da cutar kansa a cikin mata yana ɗaukar makonni 6. Idan an cire mahaifa, a cikin makonni 3-4 wajibi ne don barin jima'i. A wasu halaye, likitanka na iya ba da kwayar halitta homon da Vitamin D.

Chemotherapy magani ne na ra'ayin mazan jiya da ke tattare da ƙwayoyin cuta. Chemotherapy na iya zama ɗayan kayan haɗin haɗuwa kuma ana iya haɗe shi tare da maganin warkewar iska ko cirewar tiyata. Manufar sunadarai na iya zama duka halakar da ke tattare da cutar kansa da kuma rage girman ci gaban da kuma ƙwayoyin sel na kansa. Rage haɓakar tsiro da haɓaka sel yana haifar da rage girman ƙwayar cuta da haɓaka rayuwar rayuwar mai haƙuri kuma, a wasu halayen, yana ƙaruwa damar samun cikakkiyar nasarar kawar da cutar.Nagari    Ciwon daji     Rayuwar Cancer