I-Privatklinik Döbling (Vienna)

Ukufakwa kwamazinyo sisikali esincinci eskroliweyo esisele somhlathi ukuze sibuyisele izinyo lendalo. Isebenza njengeengcambu zezinyo kwaye ekugqibeleni inamathela ngokuqinileyo kwithambo lendalo.Ngokwesiqhelo, ukufakelwa kufakwe emhlathini kwaye ngaphakathi kweenyanga ezi-1.5-6 kuthathwa iingcambu ngaphakathi kuwo, kufakwe ngawo. Ke, iyaphilisa ngaphandle kokubekwa phantsi koxinzelelo ngenxa yohlafuna, olunciphisa umngcipheko wokufakelwa ungaphilisi. Emva kokufakwa, ugqirha wamazinyo wenza umbono wento yokufakelwa isithsaba, esiya kuyibeka phezuluukufakwa kunye nokuhluthwa (isinxibelelanisi sabo).Kuxhomekeke kubunzima bethambo lomhlathi kunye nezinye iimeko, ixesha phakathi kokufakwa kokufakwa kunye nokufakwa kweprosthesis engapheliyo kwimeko eyahlukileyo. Ezinye iiklinikhi zithi iiveki ezi-6 zanele, kwezinye zifaka amazinyo amatsha yonke imihla zisebenzisa ukufakwa kwangoko njengeStraumann.Ukufakwa kwamazinyo kunokusetyenziselwa ukufakelwa izinyo elinye okanye njengenxalenye yokufakwa emanzini. Kwimeko ye-prostheses epheleleyo kwiimilambo ezi-4 kunye nezinye iibhlorho kwayeAmazinyo obuxoki asekwe kwizifakelo asetyenziselwa i-prostheses esekwe kwipateni ethile, exhasa i-arch yamazinyo yonke (ukuya kuthi ga kumazinyo ali-10 okanye ali-12).Izinto zokufakelwa kwamazinyo zisetyenziswa kwizigulana eziphosa amazinyo zifuna isisombululo esisisigxina, esisisigxina esiya kuthi sizenze sizive sinembonakalo kwinkangeleko yazo, kunye nokukwazi ukutya nokuthetha kamnandi.Ngokwesiqhelo, ukufakelwa kubekwe emhlathini kuze kuvunyelwe ukuphilisa (kunye nefuse ukuya kuthi xhaxhe okanye i-osseointegrate) phakathi kweeveki ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-6.Oku kuvumela ukufakelwa amandla okunyanga ngaphandle kokufumana uxinzelelo lokuhlafuna kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli. Nje ukuba okufakelweyo kuphephe, ugqirha wamazinyo uya kuthatha imbonakalo yomlomo ukuze enze isithsaba sokuhlala ngaphezulu kokufakwa kunye nomda (isixhumi, phakathi kwesibini).Ixesha elifunekayo phakathi kokubekwa kokufakelwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-prosthesis yokugqibela kuya kwahluka ngokwahlukeneyo, ngokuxhomekeka kubungakanani bomhlathi womhlathi kunye nezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo. Ezinye iikliniki zinika ingxelo yokuba iiveki ezi-6 zanele, kwaye ezinye iikliniki zibonelela ngamazinyo amatsha ngemini kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ezifanaUkufakwa kwamazinyo kwangoko kwe-Straumann.Ukufakwa kwamazinyo kunokusetyenziselwa ukuxhasa izinyo elinye, kodwa kunokuba yinxalenye yokubuyiselwa komlomo ngokupheleleyo. Izinketho ezinje ngo-All-4 kunye nabanye oomiliselwa-abaxhaswe ngamabhuloho amazinyo axhasayo kunye nokufezekiswa okuxhaswayo usebenzisa amazinyo axhonywe ngobuchule ukubamba i-arch (ukuya kuthi ga kumazinyo ali-10 okanye ali-12).KucetyisiweUkufakwa kwamazinyo kuyacetyiswa kwimeko yokulahleka kwamazinyo, xa isisombululo esisisigxina esisisigxina kufuneka sinike isigulana ukuzithemba kwinkangeleko yabo, siyakubavumela ukuba batye kwaye bathethe ngaphandle kokuthintelwa.

Uvavanyo lonyango olunokuthintelwa luhlala lubizwa ngokuba kukuhlolwa okanye kuvavanyo, kuvavanyo lwesiNgesi, uvavanyo ngokubanzi lwempilo lwesigulana. Uvavanyo kunyango lunokunceda ekuchongeni iingxaki zempilo kwasekuqaleni, nangaphambi kokuqala kweempawu, kwaye kwaye nokubaqinisekisa abaguli abaxhalabileyo ngempilo yabo okanye baneempawu ezikrokrelayo.Uvavanyo ngokubanzi lonyango (jonga-up) luyacetyiswa ukwenziwa rhoqo kwiminyaka embalwa. Ingakumbi kwabo baguli abagqithisileyoubunzima, imikhwa emibi, okanye imbali yosapho yezifo ezifana nesifo sentliziyo, umhlaza, okanye isifo seswekile. Ukukhangelwa kunokunceda ukuqaphela iingxaki ezinje ngexinzelelo lwegazi okanye isifo sentliziyo. Izigulana ziya kukwazi ukwenza utshintsho oluyimfuneko kwindlela yokuphila nakwindlela oziphatha ngayo, kwaye ukuba kufanelekile, qalisa ukuthatha amayeza, ukuthintela ukuqhubela phambili kwezifo.Zininzi iimvavanyo novavanyo ezahlukeneyo ezingabandakanywa kuvavanyo lwezonyango, kubandakanyakuvavanyo lwegazi, ukucingela isifo, iimviwo zentliziyo kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ukuhlolwa kunokubandakanya uvavanyo lwegazi lokumakishwa kweempawu zeempawu zesifo somhlaza emzimbeni.Ukukhangela-kunconyelwa kuye nakubani na onamathandabuzo ngemeko yabo yezempilo okanye abaneempawu ezifuna ukubekwa esweni rhoqo.KucetyisiweUvavanyo rhoqo lwezonyango luyacetyiswa kubo bonke abaguli, ngakumbi abo basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuhlaselwa zizifo ezithile.

Uphengululo:I-Hysterectomy ngumsebenzi osusa isibeleko. Nge-hysterectomy, kuphela isibeleko esishenxisiweyo, okanye kunye nomlomo wesibeleko, i-ovari kunye neetyhubhu ze-fallopian. I-hysterectomy inokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa isisu esisesiswini (isisu hysterectomy) okanye ngokusebenzisa ubufazi (vagst hysterectomy). Ugqirha we-hysterectomy unokwenziwa njengohlinzwa ovulekileyo okanye utyando lwe-laparoscopic (utyando lwe-arthroscopic). I-uterine fibroids yeyona nto ibangela i-hysterectomy. Kuba ixesha lokuhlaziya lide kakhulu, ukusebenza kubonisiwe kuphelaukuba olunye unyango aluphumelelanga. Emva kwe-hysterectomy, umfazi uyeka ukuya esikhathini, akakwazi ukuba nabantwana, kwaye ke kunyangwa unyango kuye. Ububanzi obumiselweyo bokuhlala kwelinye ilizwe: 1 - 3 iivekiEmva kotyando, umfazi udinga iiveki ezininzi zokuvuselelwa ngaphambi kokuba ahambe. Ugqirha kufuneka aqiniseke ukuba imeko yesigulana izinzile, kwaye ukulungele ukuhamba.

Ukuxhaphaka kwesifoIsifo sokuwa, esichaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-50 kwihlabathi liphela, sinika ingxelo yesabelo esikhulu kumthwalo wehlabathi wezifo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba umyinge wabemi bebonke abanendlela yokusebenza esebenzayo (oko kukuthi, ukubanjwa okuqhubekayo okanye imfuneko yonyango) ngexesha elinikiweyo lisusela kwi-4 ukuya kwi-10 kubantu abayi-1000. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zohlolisiso olwenziwe kumazwe aphantsi kunye nakwinqanaba eliphakathi libonisa ukuba lo mgangatho uphezulu kakhulu - ukusuka kwi-7 ukuya kwi-15 ngabantu abayi-1000.Kuqikelelwa ukuba kwilizwe jikelele, isifo sokuxhuzula kufunyaniswa minyaka leAbantu abazizigidi ezi-2,4. Kumazwe anengeniso ephezulu, inani lezinto ezintsha ezenzeka minyaka le ngezifo ziphakathi kwama-30 nama-50 nge-100,000. Kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi kunye nephakathi, eli nani linokuphinda kabini ukuphakama.Amaxabiso aphezulu kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi kunye naphakathi anokubakho kunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko wokwanda kwezifo ezifana nesifo seengcongconi kunye ne-neurocysticercosis; ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ezithuthi ezindleleni; ukulimala kokuzalwa, kunye nolwahluko kwiziseko zonyango, ukubakho kweenkqubo zokuthintela kunye noncedo lwezonyango olufikelelekayo.nullnullnullnullamayeza, utyando lunokunceda.UthinteloIsifo sokuxhuzula (i-demiopathic epilepsy) asithinteleki. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezizathu ezaziwayo zesifo sokuwa kwesibini, amanyathelo othintelo anokuthathwa.    Ukuthintela ukwenzakala entloko kuyeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuthintela isifo sentloko.     Ukhathalelo olufanelekileyo lwengqondo lubanceda ukunciphisa imeko ye-epilepsy entsha ngenxa yokulimala kokuzalwa.     Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nezinye iindlela zokunciphisa ubushushu bomzimba kubantwana abanomkhuhlane kunokunciphisa ukubakho kokuthuthumbiswa.     Usulelo lwenkqubo ye-nerve ephakathi luyeyona nto ixhaphakileyo kuxhwalekile kwiindawo ezinobushushu aphomaninzi amazwe asakhulayo. Ukupheliswa kwezigulo eziphantsi kwezi meko kunye nomsebenzi wokufundisa ngokubhekisele kuthintelo losuleleko ziindlela ezifanelekileyo zokunciphisa umthwalo wesifo sokuwa emhlabeni wonke, umzekelo, isithuthwane ngenxa ye-neurocysticercosis.U-Allhospital angathanda ukucebisa uNjingalwazi Antonio Russi (Teklin Kiron Clinic, Barcelona), omnye wabalondolozi bezonyango abaseYurophu. NgokukaNjingalwazi Russi, kwizigulana ezingama-95 kwezili-100 ezikwaziyo ukusiphelisa isifo sokuwa emzimbeni emva koncedo olufanelekileyo.Shiya isicelo kwiwebhusayithi yethu kwaye iingcali zethu ziya kunxibelelana nawe kwaye zikuncede ukhethe ezona klinikhi zibalaseleyo ngokubhekisele kwimeko yakho yasimahla.

Uphengululo:Unyango lwe-aneurysm yengqondo yinkqubo yoqhaqho eyenziwa apho umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwe-aneurysm uphakamileyo. Ububanzi obumiselweyo bokuhlala kwelinye ilizwe: iivekiIxesha elichithwe ekliniki lixhomekeka kuhlobo lwe-aneurysm. Nge-aneurysm engafakwanga mntu, ixesha lokubuyisela emva konyango lihlala lifutshane kunasemva kokuqhekeka.

Into yokuqala ekufuneka beyazi abaguli kunye nawo wonke umntu obhinqileyo malunga nomhlaza wamabele (njengoko, eneneni, malunga naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaza): namhlanje esi ayisosigwebo, isigaba sangaphambi sesi sifo, ayanda amathuba wokoyisa umhlaza ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye kwizigaba ezilandelayo, kukho amathuba ngakumbi okulwa nesi sifo ngokubulela kweendlela zonyango zangoku (jonga ngezantsi).Ngubani osengozini? Umhlaza webele sisifo esingalunganga esibi esenzeka phantse kumfazi omnye kwabalishumi. Umhlaza wesifuba unokufunyaniswa nangaliphi na ixesha, kodwa emva kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, umngciphekoUkwenziwa kwethumba kukuphindwe kasi-6 kunangaphambili. Abaphandi bafumanisa ezona zinto zibangela ukukhula kwesi sifo:1) Ukufumana inzala: ukuba izalamane, ngakumbi kwicala loomama, ziye zafunyaniswa ukuba zinomhlaza webele, izitho zangasese zabasetyhini, kunye nezinye izifo ze-oncological, ke umngcipheko wokukhula komhlaza webele unyuke;2) ukuqala kokuqala kokuya esikhathini (ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka eli-12) kunye nokuqala kade kokuyeka ukuya esikhathini (emva kweminyaka engama-55);I-3) ukungabikho komntwana, ukuzala kade emva kwexesha (emva kweminyaka engama-30), ukunqongophala kokuzala okanye ixesha elifutshane lokuncancisa, isifo sokudumba kwasemva kokubeletha;4) ubomi besondo ngokungaqhelekanga;5) ukulimala kwe-mammary gland;I-6) Ukuchongwa kwe-"dishormonali-mammary gland hyperplasia ”;7) ukukhuluphala;8) ukungasebenzi kwe-thyroid;9) Unyango olungena endaweni yehomoni.Iimpawu zomhlaza wamabele Kwinkqubo yezonyango, ithumba elikwi-gland ye-mammary kwiimeko ezininzi lifunyaniswa ngumfazi okanye iqabane, okwenzekileyo. Isimila sinokufunyanwa xa kubhalwa uviwo lwe-mammologist, ugqirha wezifo zengqondo, okanye ugqirha ofumaneke ngengozi ngexesha lovavanyo.Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ulumkise:    Ukongeza kwimvakalelo kwimfundo ebeleni, umfazi unokujonga utshintsho kwi-nipple: ulceration, retraction, spoting from the nipple. Eli lithuba lokudibana nodokotela kwangoko!     kumanqanaba kamva uphawuukukhula kobuthathaka, ukonakala kwempilo, ukukhohlela, ukuphefumla okunzima, iintlungu zamathambo zinokwenzeka.Unyango lomhlaza webele Unyango lomhlaza webele lwenziwa ngamanqanaba aliqela kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zisetyenziswa namhlanje:Unyango lwe-antitumor yamayeza.Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango olunje, ezizezi:* ichemotherapy: kule meko, iziyobisi ezijolise ekutshatyalalisweni kweeseli ze-tumor zisetyenzisiwe;* Unyango lwehomoni, oko kukuthi, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezixinzelela umsebenzi wehomoni wesisu kunye nomzimba;* Unyango olujolisiweyo luhambo olutsha, indlela apho amachiza “abukhali” kwiziphumo ekujolise kuzo kwiseli yesisu kwaye enze ngokungacacanga kwimpiloizicubu zomntu;* I-Immunotherapy lulwalona lwalathiso lutsha, abathi namhlanje kwiingqungquthela zamazwe amaninzi ze-oncologists babizwe yenye yeendlela eziphambili nezikhuthazayo zokulwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza. Umxholo we-immunotherapy ukwinkqubo ekhethekileyo yeeseli zomzimba zokuzikhusela. Ngenxa yetekhnoloji yabo eyahlukileyo, bajika baba sisixhobo esinamandla esikwaziyo nokutshabalalisa ngokuchanekileyo iiseli zomhlaza.Ngokuxilongwa komhlaza wamabele, unyango lokuhlinzwa kunye nonyango lweradiation luyasetyenziswa.Shiya isicelo kwiwebhusayithi yethu kwaye iingcali zethu ziya kunxibelelana nawe kwaye zikuncede ukhethe ezona klinikhi zibalaseleyo ngokubhekisele kwimeko yakho yasimahla.

Umhlaza wamalaphu namhlanje yenye yeentlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-neoplasms ezibi. Ngokomndilili, kukho abantu abangama-40 abanomhlaza wemiphunga kubantu abangama-100,000 kwihlabathi, ngaphezu koko, amadoda afunyaniswa enesifo izihlandlo ezili-10 ngaphezulu kwabafazi, kwaye umda wabahlali basezidolophini kuzo zonke iimeko uphinda-phindeka kunabantu belali. Nangona kunjalo, amayeza okunyanga anamhlanje angamandla okunyanga olu hlobo lwe-oncology: ngokufika ngexesha lokunceda, kuyenzeka ukuba ungapheleli ekuphelisweni kwesi sifo, kodwa uphinde ulibale ngalo ngonaphakade.UmhlazaImiphunga: isifo sesifo kunye nokunyanga isifoMalunga nezigidi ezintlanu zabantu babulawa ngumhlaza wemiphunga minyaka le emhlabeni. Olu hlobo lomhlaza lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-bronchogenic carcinoma, okanye umhlaza we-bronchogenic. I-tumor ikhula kwi-epithelium eqingqiweyo ye-mucous membrane ye-bronchi, alveoli kunye ne-epithelium ye-bronchial gland. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba i-etiology yesifo ayikacaci, ezona zizathu ziphambili zokwenzeka kwayo kubandakanya: ukutshaya; ukubonakaliswa kwi-radon kunye ne-carcinogens ethile (i-asbestos mineral yeyona ngozi kakhulu kwimiphunga); iintlobo ezithile zentsholongwane; ukunyuka kokuxinana kwamasuntswana othuli emoyeni. I-pathogenesis yomhlaza wemiphunga ivuliwenullnullimiphunga.Inqanaba 1 lomhlaza wemiphunga libonakaliswa sisisu ukuya kuthi ga kubukhulu obuyi-3 cm, engekabikho metastasize. I-neoplasm ikwisigaba esinye semiphunga okanye ngaphakathi kwe-bronchus.Inqanaba lesi-2 - ithumba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6 cm ikwindawo enye yemiphunga okanye ngaphakathi kwebronchus. I-metastases eyodwa kwi-pulmonary kunye ne-bronchopulmonary lymph node ziyaqwalaselwa.Inqanaba lesi-3-lithumba elikhulu kune-6 cm ngokutshintsha libe kukudibana kwemiphunga okanye ukumila kwebronchus esondeleneyo okanye i-bronchus ephambili. I-metastases ifumaneka kwi-bifurcation, tracheobronchial, paratracheal lymph node.4Inqanaba lomhlaza wemiphunga libonakaliswa nge-metastases kwiinkqubo ezikude kunye namalungu, i-pleurisy kunye / okanye i-pericarditis eqhotyoshelweyo. Olu hluko lusebenza kuphela kwi-squamous cell carcinoma. Kwimeko yomhlaza weseli omncinci, okhula ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, ngamanqanaba amabini kuphela ahlukileyo. Inqanaba lokuqala - inqanaba eliqingqiweyo - lihamba kunye nokwenziwa kweeseli zemithambo-luvo kwimiphunga enye kunye nezicubu ezikufutshane. Kwinqanaba lesibini, i-tumor metastasesa kwindawo engaphandle kwemiphunga kunye nakwizitho ezikude.Unyango lomhlaza wamalusuUkuchongwa kakuhle kwe-oncology ye-pulmonary kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba ukhetho lweendlela ezifanelekileyo zonyango luxhomekeke kuzo. Iindlela eziphambili zeziUngenelelo lokuhlinzwa, unyango lwe-chemo kunye nonyango lwe-radiation. Ngombulelo kuphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwetekhnoloji yezonyango, ezi ndlela ziya zikhuselekile kwaye zisebenze.1. Unyango lonyango lusetyenziselwa i-squamous cell carcinoma. Ngexesha lotyando, ithumba elipheleleyo elinomhlaza okanye icandelo elisecaleni liyasuswa. Umthamo weethishu ezisuswe uxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesitshisi kunye nendawo akuyo. Imeko yangoku kunyango lomhlaza wemiphunga kukusetyenziswa kweendlela ezinqabileyo, eziveliswa kusetyenziswa ikhamera yevidiyo encinci. Obu buchule babizwa ngokuba yiVidiyo-encedisiweyo yeToracoscopic Surgery (VATS). Ukusebenza okunje kuhamba kunye nentlungu engachazwanga, kwaye inkqubo yokuvuselela emva kwabo iqhubeke ngokukhawuleza.2. Ukunyanga ngamayezaOlona nyango luphambili kwizigulana ezinomhlaza wemiphunga. Isiseko sayo silele ekuthatheni amayeza atshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.3. Ujoliso (ekujoliswe kulo) unyango lomhlaza wemiphunga. Amachiza anjalo aqaphela iiseli ezingalunganga ngeempawu zazo kwaye azitshabalalise, ezichaphazela imisebenzi ebalulekileyo (ukukhula, ukwahlula). Ukongeza, iziyobisi ziphazamisa ukubonelelwa kwegazi kwisisu. Unyango ekujolise kulo (ekujoliswe kulo) lunokuchazwa njengendlela yokuzimeleyo yonyango okanye ngokudibana ne-chemotherapy ukwenzela ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle konyango.4. Unyango lwe-immunological kunyango lomhlaza wemiphunga luyinto entsha kwaye luyathembisa kakhuluI-oncology yolondolozo. Unyango olunje lukuvumela ukuba usete iiseli zomzimba wakho wokuzikhusela kwiiseli zomhlaza kwaye "ujoliso" luchaphazela kuphela iiseli zesisu.5. I-Radiotherapy. Ukucaphukiswa kwethumba ngentsimbi enamandla emisebe ye-gamma, ngenxa yokuba iiseli zomhlaza ziyafa (bayayeka ukukhula kunye nokuzala). Iqhutywa yindlela ekude okanye ephezulu yedosi. Unyango lwe-radical radiation, zombini i-tumor ngokwayo kunye nemimandla ye-metastasis yommandla ivulelekile kwimisebe. Unyango lwe-radiation lukwasetyenziswa kumhlaza weseli omncinci.Shiya isicelo kwiwebhusayithi yethu kwaye iingcali zethu ziya kunxibelelana nawe kwaye zikuncede ukhethe ezona klinikhi zibalaseleyo ngokubhekisele kwimeko yakho yasimahla.

Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi malunga nenkqubo yokufaka intsholongwane ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokuyenza IVF?Kwizibini ezininzi, i-IVF kuphela kwendlela yokuba nomntwana olindelwe kade. Ngaba le nkqubo yeyiphi na, ikhuselekile, ukulungiselela i-IVF kuhamba njani kwaye iyakubiza malini?Inqobo yenkqubo ye-IVFIVF yinkqubo yokuchumisa ngaphandle komzimba: amaqanda kunye nesidoda asuswe emzimbeni, isichumiso senzeka elabhoratri. Emva koko amaqanda achumileyo abekwa kwi-incubator kwiintsuku ezingama-5-6 kwaye kwinkqubo yokuhlukana atyalwe esibelekweni.Iimpawu zeukuqeshwaIVF iboniswa kwiimeko ezininzi zokungachumi: •apha ngasentla, ihlala incediswa yiteknoloji yokuncedisa.I-ICSI -singeniso sokwaluka kwesidoda kwiqanda kusetyenziswa inaliti ebanzi kakhulu. Kuqhutywa ukuba •iimeko zaselebhu. Isetyenziselwa ukuba ukukhuthaza kungaphumeleli. Ukuthintela ukuvuselelwa kwehomoni.Uncedo oluxhonyiweyo yitekhnoloji eyenza ukuba kufakwe umbungu kwisibeleko. Umbungu ujikelezwe yigobolondo elincinci, elitshabalalisa ngaphambi kokufakwa.Ukulungiselela i-IVF, kuqhuba inkqubo kunye nokubeka iliso emva kwe-IVFUkulungiselela i-IVF kuthatha malunga neeveki ezi-2-3 kwaye kubandakanya iimvavanyo kubo bobabini abatshati. Inkqubo ye-IVF ihlala ibandakanya: •nullUkuba i-IVF ayinikezi isiphumo esifunekayo, abanye abantu abatshatayo baphendukela kwiinkonzo zoomama abasaqalayo.Kwamanye amazwe, ubugqwetha buthintelwe ngumthetho, kodwa kukho amazwe apho u-surrogacy afuneka khona kakhulu, umzekelo, eKazakhstan.Namhlanje eRussia, Kazakhstan nakwamanye amazwe e-CIS, kuyenzeka ukuba kwenziwe i-IVF yasimahla nangaluphi na uhlobo lokuzala.Shiya isicelo kwiwebhusayithi yethu kwaye iingcali zethu ziya kunxibelelana nawe kwaye zikuncede ukhethe ezona klinikhi zibalaseleyo ngokubhekisele kwimeko yakho yasimahla.