Unyango lomhlaza wezintso

nullOnke amathumba ezintso afunyaniswa ukuba awafumene, kunye ne-ultrasound ecwangcisiweyo ngokungabikho ngokupheleleyo kweempawu.Iimpawu zesifo sesi sifo ngoku aziqhelekanga.    1. Igazi kumchamo (hematuria). Inkangeleko yakhe inokuba ngequbuliso kunye neprofayili.     2. Ubuhlungu kumqolo ongezantsi kunye nomqolo ongezantsi: ezi zikhalazo zinxulunyaniswa nokuhluma kwesisu kwizitho ezikufuphi okanye ukuphuma kwe-ureter.     3. Ukutywina esiswini (palpation palpates the tumor).     4. Ukonyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi (le yokugqibela inokubangelwa kukucinezelwa kwemithambo yegazi okanye ukuveliswa kwethumba lesen).5. I-Varicocele.     6. Ukuphulukana nobunzima, ubuthathaka ngokubanzi, isifo seengcongconi, ukujuluka ebusuku, kunye nokudinwa okugqithisileyo.Ngelishwa, amaxesha amaninzi iimpawu zomhlaza wezintso aziveli ngokukhawuleza, esi sifo siqhubeka kwifom ye-asymptomatic ixesha elide. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza uvavanyo rhoqo lokuthintela, yenza uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound kwaye uthathe uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo.Uxilongo lomhlaza wezintsoUxilongo lomhlaza wezintso lubandakanya uluhlu lonke lweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuxhaphaza, ekuvumela ukuba uqinisekise ngokuchonga ngokuchanekileyo nangokuchanekileyo.   1. Eyona ndlela yokufumana isifo inokufikeleleka ngeyona ndlela.    2. Imigangatho yegolide yokuxilongwa kwamathumbu ezintso yikhompyuterTomogra ngokwahlukileyo. I-Tomogra efikelelweyo inika umfanekiso ogcweleyo malunga nesikhundla se-tumor, ubungakanani bayo, inqanaba leklinikhi kunye nokukhula kwe-tumor kwizitho ezikufutshane.   3. Ukuhlolwa kwe-urinal kutyhila ubukho bokungacoceki kwegazi kumchamo.   4. Uvavanyo lwegazi lukuvumela ukuba uchonge imiqondiso engangqalanga yesifo: i-anemia, amanqanaba aphezulu e-alkaline phosphatase, urea egazini, njl.   5. I-MRI yokufumanisa isifo samathumbu ezintso isetyenziswa kancinane kune-CT, eyona nto iphambili yokwenza iMRI kukuchasana nokwenza i-CT.   6. I-biopsy yamathumba ezintso yenzelwa ukungqina isifo.kunye nokumisela amaqhinga okunyanga ngakumbi. Ngelishwa, kwezinye iimeko, i-biopsy yesibeleko sezintso ayisiyoyikisi, ngenxa yesi sizathu, olu phononongo ngoku lwenziwa ngokungaqhelekanga.  7. Ukufumanisa metastases emiphungeni kunye namathambo emathambo, isifuba x-ray kunye ne-osteoscintigraphy ziyasetyenziswa.  8. I-angiography engokoqobo-kuvavanyo lwe-X-ray kwiarhente eyahlukileyo.Ngokusekelwe kuluphi uphawu lokubonakalisa umhlaza wezintso, imeko yesigulana kunye neziphumo zovavanyo lwangaphambili, ugqirha ukhetha iindlela ezithile zokufumanisa umhlaza wezintso ukwenza owona mfanekiso uphambili.Amanqanaba omhlaza wezintsoKukho amanqanaba ama-4 omhlaza wezintso oboniswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyonullokanye ithumba lisasazeka kwi-renal vein / vena cava.     4. Inqanaba lomhlaza wezintso. Isimila sihluma iqhekeza lezintso.Unyango lomhlaza wezintsoUnyango lomhlaza wezintso lusekwe ngeendlela ezininzi ezamkelweyo ezisetyenziswa ngokukodwa okanye ngokubanzi. Ugqirha okhoyo, ngokusekwe kuhlobo lwesibeleko, inqanaba lekliniki yobudala kunye nokuphila kakuhle, ukuchasana okukhoyo kunye nezinye izinto, banokubhenela kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Olona nyango lusebenzayo kumhlaza wezintso kukususa ithumba. I-nephrectomy yokujikeleza kukususa ngokupheleleyo izintso ezichaphazelekayo, zihlala zidibene nezicubu zomjikelezo ze-perirenal, ii-lymph node, kwaye ngamanye amaxeshai-adrenal gland. Ukuba ubungakanani bes tumor abudluli kwi-7 cm, kusenziwa ngokwenxalenye yezintso. Kunye nendlela yesiqhelo, apho kususwa khona izintso okanye ukwenziwa kwayo kwakhona ngenxa yokuvela okukhulu, kukho i-laparoscopic enye. Kule meko, i-tumor isuswa okanye iphinde isetyenziswe kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezizodwa ezifakwe kwisisu sesisu ngokusebenzisa iincinci ezincinci (2 cm). Indlela ye-laparoscopic inxulunyaniswa nobuncinci beengxaki. Ukongeza, ukubuyisela isigulana kwisigulana ngokukhawuleza. Olunye unyango olunokuthi lusebenze kwi-tumor yezintso. Umxholo wendlela kukukhulula i-tumor ngoncedo lwekristalu elikhethekileyo elifakwe kwi-tumor. Tumorkufakwe enye yokuqandusela kunye nokucwilisa, okukhokelela ekufeni kweeseli zomhlaza. Le ndlela yeyona nto ihlupheka kakhulu kwisigulana kwaye ibonakalisiwe xa utyando lungenzeki, amathumba amazinyo omabini kunye nesibeleko sentso enye. Unyango ngamachiza (ichemotherapy, unyango lwehomoni okanye i-immunotherapy) lumiselwe ukuba ngaba kufunyaniswe ukuba unomdlavuza wezintso (inqanaba 4), xa utyando alunakwenzeka.Ukuthintela uMhlaza woMngundoUkuthintela umhlaza wezintso, kubalulekile ukuyeka ukutshaya, ukulawula ubunzima kunye nokutya ukutya okulingeneyo (kunye nemfuno yeziqhamo nemifuno). Ke, indlela yokuphila esempilweni yeyona ndlela iphambili yokuthintela esi sifo.