Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, isibhedlele siye saphuhlisa ngokwesiko ukunyanga izilonda zamathambo, amaphaphu, amabele, izintso. Uninzi lwezinketho zantlandlolo zemisebenzi kwi-esophagus, amalungu e-pancreatoduodenal zone, larynx kunye ne-pharynx sele yenziwe kwaye yenziwe. Ukuhanjiswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwezicubu zesigulana kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuvala iziphene, ukufaka iifayile ezisusiweyo okanye amathambo apheleleyo, kunye nokubuyiselwa kweplasitiki kummoni we-mammary.