Iklinikhi yeSifo sabaProtestanti

Uphengululo:I-Abrasion yinkqubo yesibeleko eyenziwa ukuba ifunyanwe kwaye inyange izifo zezifo zesibeleko. Umsele womlomo wesibeleko uxutywe ukubonelela ukufikelela kwisibeleko. Emva koko iindonga zesibeleko ziyahluthwa ngesisixhobo se-vacuum. Inkqubo ihlala yenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia ngokubanzi okanye ngokusetyenziswa kwe-sedation enzulu. Ububanzi obumiselweyo bokuhlala kwelinye ilizwe: Iiveki ezi-1

Uphengululo:I-Hysterectomy ngumsebenzi osusa isibeleko. Nge-hysterectomy, kuphela isibeleko esishenxisiweyo, okanye kunye nomlomo wesibeleko, i-ovari kunye neetyhubhu ze-fallopian. I-hysterectomy inokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa isisu esisesiswini (isisu hysterectomy) okanye ngokusebenzisa ubufazi (vagst hysterectomy). Ugqirha we-hysterectomy unokwenziwa njengohlinzwa ovulekileyo okanye utyando lwe-laparoscopic (utyando lwe-arthroscopic). I-uterine fibroids yeyona nto ibangela i-hysterectomy. Kuba ixesha lokuhlaziya lide kakhulu, ukusebenza kubonisiwe kuphelaukuba olunye unyango aluphumelelanga. Emva kwe-hysterectomy, umfazi uyeka ukuya esikhathini, akakwazi ukuba nabantwana, kwaye ke kunyangwa unyango kuye. Ububanzi obumiselweyo bokuhlala kwelinye ilizwe: 1 - 3 iivekiEmva kotyando, umfazi udinga iiveki ezininzi zokuvuselelwa ngaphambi kokuba ahambe. Ugqirha kufuneka aqiniseke ukuba imeko yesigulana izinzile, kwaye ukulungele ukuhamba.

Uphengululo:I-Myomectomy yinkqubo yoqhaqho eyenziwa isusa i-uterine fibroids. I-uterine fibroids kukukhula okubonakalayo kunokubangela ukopha kwilungu lobufazi, i-pelvic kunye nentlungu engezantsi yomqolo, iintlungu ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo kunye nokuqunjelwa.

Uphengululo:Ukususa i-ovarian cyst yinkqubo yoqhaqho eyenziwa ukuba isuse ii-cysts ezinkulu, ezinomhlaza, okanye zibuhlungu kwii-ovari. I-ovarian cyst yi-sac egcwele amanzi.

Uphengululo:I-echocardiogram (EchoCG) luvavanyo lwentliziyo, ukuba, kusetyenziswa amaza e-ultrasound, enza umfanekiso-emibini okanye ntathu-ntliziyo. Ububanzi obumiselweyo bokuhlala kwelinye ilizwe: 1 - 2 iintsukuNgokwesiqhelo, izigulana zishiya ikliniki kwangoko emva koxilongo, ukuba isiphako sifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo singakhange sifunyanwe.

Uphengululo:I-electrocardiogram (ECG) irekhodwa kusetyenziswa ii-electrodes ezibekwe esikhumbeni. Bakhangela imibane yombane yesihlunu sentliziyo, esikuvumela ukuba usete ubungakanani bamagumbi entliziyo, ukuguquguquka kwesiqhelo sentliziyo kunye nezinye iiparamitha. I-electrocardiogram inokubona ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo, kubandakanya isifo sentliziyo, ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo, isifo sentliziyo, isiphoso sentliziyo, i-pathologies yentliziyo, okanye i-pericarditis. Ububanzi obumiselweyo bokuhlala kwelinye ilizwe: 1 - 2 iintsukuUkuba i-electrocardiogram ayisivezi isifo sentliziyo, isigulana sinokuhamba ngenqwelomoya emva nje kwenkqubo.

Uvavanyo lonyango olunokuthintelwa luhlala lubizwa ngokuba kukuhlolwa okanye kuvavanyo, kuvavanyo lwesiNgesi, uvavanyo ngokubanzi lwempilo lwesigulana. Uvavanyo kunyango lunokunceda ekuchongeni iingxaki zempilo kwasekuqaleni, nangaphambi kokuqala kweempawu, kwaye kwaye nokubaqinisekisa abaguli abaxhalabileyo ngempilo yabo okanye baneempawu ezikrokrelayo.Uvavanyo ngokubanzi lonyango (jonga-up) luyacetyiswa ukwenziwa rhoqo kwiminyaka embalwa. Ingakumbi kwabo baguli abagqithisileyoubunzima, imikhwa emibi, okanye imbali yosapho yezifo ezifana nesifo sentliziyo, umhlaza, okanye isifo seswekile. Ukukhangelwa kunokunceda ukuqaphela iingxaki ezinje ngexinzelelo lwegazi okanye isifo sentliziyo. Izigulana ziya kukwazi ukwenza utshintsho oluyimfuneko kwindlela yokuphila nakwindlela oziphatha ngayo, kwaye ukuba kufanelekile, qalisa ukuthatha amayeza, ukuthintela ukuqhubela phambili kwezifo.Zininzi iimvavanyo novavanyo ezahlukeneyo ezingabandakanywa kuvavanyo lwezonyango, kubandakanyakuvavanyo lwegazi, ukucingela isifo, iimviwo zentliziyo kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ukuhlolwa kunokubandakanya uvavanyo lwegazi lokumakishwa kweempawu zeempawu zesifo somhlaza emzimbeni.Ukukhangela-kunconyelwa kuye nakubani na onamathandabuzo ngemeko yabo yezempilo okanye abaneempawu ezifuna ukubekwa esweni rhoqo.KucetyisiweUvavanyo rhoqo lwezonyango luyacetyiswa kubo bonke abaguli, ngakumbi abo basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuhlaselwa zizifo ezithile.

I-acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-BONKE (ngokwamagama okuqala esi sifo), kwaye ngamanye amaxesha igama elinesi sifo esibuhlungu kakhulu sisifo esibuhlungu kakhulu kwinkqubo yehematopoietic. Isifo siqala kumongo wethambo. Umongo wethu wethambo ngumzi-mveliso weeseli zegazi ezahlukeneyo. Xa umongo wamathambo ugula, lo mzi-mveliso, endaweni yezempilo (ogqirha bathetha malunga neeseli ezivuthiweyo), uqalisa ukuvelisa inani elikhulu leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezingafakwanga.Xa umntu engaguli, ke zonke iiseli zegazi zikhula kwaye zihlaziywe ngokuvisisanayo, yonke into yenzeka ngendlela elungeleleneyo. Iiseli zegazi zivuthwa ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye inkqubo yokuvuthwa intsokothile. Kodwa niniumntwana ugula sisifo se-lymphoblastic leukemia, i.e.BONKE, inkqubo yokuvuthwa iqhekeza ngokupheleleyo.Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, oko kukuthi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, ziye ziyeke ukuvuthwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye zingakhuli zibe ziiseli ezisebenza ngokupheleleyo. Endaweni yoko, baqala ngokukhawuleza nokwabelana ngokungalawuleki. Umsebenzi wenkqubo ye-hematopoietic uyanda ukungasebenzi kakuhle: iiseli ezigulayo zigxotha ezi zisempilweni kwaye zithathe indawo yazo kumongo. Umntwana ogulayo akanazo iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi (iiseli ezibomvu zegazi), okanye iiplatelets zegazi (iiplatelets).Yiyo loo nto abantwana bekhula ukuba ne-anemia (anemia), iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zosulelo (usulelo), kunye nokukopha rhoqo. Kwaye okuEzi ziimpawu zokuqala ezinokuthi zithethe malunga ne-leukemia ebukhali emntwaneni. Kodwa esi sifo ngokwaso, YONKE, ukusukela ekuqaleni asikho kwilungu elinye lomzimba. Ukusuka kumongo wethambo, ungena ungene egazini, ungene kwii-lymphoid tishu (inkqubo ye-lymphatic) kuwo onke amanye amalungu. Umsebenzi wayo yonke inkqubo yezitho, oko kukuthi, umzimba uphela, uqala ukuphazamiseka. Kungenxa yeso sizathu le nto, njengazo zonke ezinye iintlobo zesifo sokuvuvukala, sibizwa ngokuba sisifo esibuhlungu isifo, oko kukuthi, isifo sitshabalalisa umzimba wonke njengenkqubo.ZONKE zisasazeka emzimbeni wonke ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphandle konyango, iiseli ze-leukemia ziyahluka naphi na, hayiimiqobo yokuhlangana. Amalungu apho kuyekwe ukuba asebenze ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye izifo ezinkulu ezikhulu ziqala kuwo. Ukuba i-leukemia ayinyangwa, ke ukufa kwenzeka kwiinyanga ezimbalwa.Shiya isicelo sasimahla kwiwebhusayithi yethu kwaye iingcali zethu ziya kunxibelelana nawe kwaye zikuncede ukhethe ezona klinikhi zibalaseleyo kwimeko yakho. Indlela yokunyanga isifo se-leukemia esibuhlungu ixhomekeka kubudala nakwimeko yesigulana, uhlobo kunye nenqanaba lokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo, kwaye kuhlala kubalwa ngokukodwa kwimeko nganye.Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zonyango lwe-leukemia ebukhali - ichemotherapy kunye nonyango lokunyanga - ukuhambisa umongo kumathambo.Chemotherapy yenziweamanyathelo amabini ngokulandelelana:Iinjongo zenqanaba lokuqala kukwenziwa koxolelo. Nge-chemotherapy, i-oncologists ifezekisa ukuncipha kwinqanaba leeseli eziqhumayo• Inqanaba lokudibanisa eliyimfuneko ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza eziseleUkuphinda ungeniswe, njengomthetho, ukuphindaphinda ngokupheleleyo inkqubo (iziyobisi, iidosi, frequency yezolawulo) zenqanaba lokuqalaUkongeza kumachiza e-chemotherapeutic, ii-cytostatics zikhona kwirejimeni yonyango ngokubanzi.Ngokwezibalo, ixesha elipheleleyo lonyango lwe-chemotherapy ye-leukemia ye-acute yiminyaka emi-2.Chemotherapy edityaniswa yi-cytostatics yiindlela yokubonakalisa ubukrakra, obangela inani leziphumo (isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, impilo enkenenkene, ukulahleka kweenwele, njl. njl.). Ukunciphisa imeko yesigulana, unyango oluhambelana nalo lumiselweyo. Ukongeza, kuxhomekeke kwimeko, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, i-detoxification agents, iplatelet kunye ne-erythrocyte ubunzima, kunye nokukhutshelwa kwegazi kunokucetyiswa.Ukufakelwa kwamathamboUkuhanjiswa kwamathambo kunika isigulana iiseli ezisempilweni, ezithi kamva zibe ngookhokho beeseli eziqhelekileyo zegazi.Eyona meko ibaluleke kakhulu yokufakelwa komnye umntu kukuxolelwa ngokupheleleyo kwesi sifo. Kubalulekile ukuba umongo wethambo ococwe kwiiseli eziqhekezayo ugcwaliswe kwakhona ziiseli ezisempilweni.Ukulungiselela isigulana utyando,Unyango lwe-immunosuppression olukhethekileyo lwenziwa. Oku kuyimfuneko ukutshabalalisa iiseli ze-leukemia kwaye kucinezele ukhuselo lomzimba ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokwaliwa.Unxibelelwano malunga nokutshintshwa komongo wamathambo:Ukwaphulwa kokusebenza kwamalungu angaphakathi• Izifo ezosulelayo ezingapheliyoUkuphinda uqalise kwi-leukemia ebukhali, engaguqukiyo ekuxolelweni• ukwaluphalaShiya isicelo kwiwebhusayithi yethu kwaye iingcali zethu ziya kunxibelelana nawe kwaye zikuncede ukhethe ezona klinikhi zibalaseleyo ngokubhekisele kwimeko yakho yasimahla.

Into yokuqala ekufuneka beyazi abaguli kunye nawo wonke umntu obhinqileyo malunga nomhlaza wamabele (njengoko, eneneni, malunga naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaza): namhlanje esi ayisosigwebo, isigaba sangaphambi sesi sifo, ayanda amathuba wokoyisa umhlaza ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye kwizigaba ezilandelayo, kukho amathuba ngakumbi okulwa nesi sifo ngokubulela kweendlela zonyango zangoku (jonga ngezantsi).Ngubani osengozini? Umhlaza webele sisifo esingalunganga esibi esenzeka phantse kumfazi omnye kwabalishumi. Umhlaza wesifuba unokufunyaniswa nangaliphi na ixesha, kodwa emva kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, umngciphekoUkwenziwa kwethumba kukuphindwe kasi-6 kunangaphambili. Abaphandi bafumanisa ezona zinto zibangela ukukhula kwesi sifo:1) Ukufumana inzala: ukuba izalamane, ngakumbi kwicala loomama, ziye zafunyaniswa ukuba zinomhlaza webele, izitho zangasese zabasetyhini, kunye nezinye izifo ze-oncological, ke umngcipheko wokukhula komhlaza webele unyuke;2) ukuqala kokuqala kokuya esikhathini (ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka eli-12) kunye nokuqala kade kokuyeka ukuya esikhathini (emva kweminyaka engama-55);I-3) ukungabikho komntwana, ukuzala kade emva kwexesha (emva kweminyaka engama-30), ukunqongophala kokuzala okanye ixesha elifutshane lokuncancisa, isifo sokudumba kwasemva kokubeletha;4) ubomi besondo ngokungaqhelekanga;5) ukulimala kwe-mammary gland;I-6) Ukuchongwa kwe-"dishormonali-mammary gland hyperplasia ”;7) ukukhuluphala;8) ukungasebenzi kwe-thyroid;9) Unyango olungena endaweni yehomoni.Iimpawu zomhlaza wamabele Kwinkqubo yezonyango, ithumba elikwi-gland ye-mammary kwiimeko ezininzi lifunyaniswa ngumfazi okanye iqabane, okwenzekileyo. Isimila sinokufunyanwa xa kubhalwa uviwo lwe-mammologist, ugqirha wezifo zengqondo, okanye ugqirha ofumaneke ngengozi ngexesha lovavanyo.Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ulumkise:    Ukongeza kwimvakalelo kwimfundo ebeleni, umfazi unokujonga utshintsho kwi-nipple: ulceration, retraction, spoting from the nipple. Eli lithuba lokudibana nodokotela kwangoko!     kumanqanaba kamva uphawuukukhula kobuthathaka, ukonakala kwempilo, ukukhohlela, ukuphefumla okunzima, iintlungu zamathambo zinokwenzeka.Unyango lomhlaza webele Unyango lomhlaza webele lwenziwa ngamanqanaba aliqela kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zisetyenziswa namhlanje:Unyango lwe-antitumor yamayeza.Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango olunje, ezizezi:* ichemotherapy: kule meko, iziyobisi ezijolise ekutshatyalalisweni kweeseli ze-tumor zisetyenzisiwe;* Unyango lwehomoni, oko kukuthi, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezixinzelela umsebenzi wehomoni wesisu kunye nomzimba;* Unyango olujolisiweyo luhambo olutsha, indlela apho amachiza “abukhali” kwiziphumo ekujolise kuzo kwiseli yesisu kwaye enze ngokungacacanga kwimpiloizicubu zomntu;* I-Immunotherapy lulwalona lwalathiso lutsha, abathi namhlanje kwiingqungquthela zamazwe amaninzi ze-oncologists babizwe yenye yeendlela eziphambili nezikhuthazayo zokulwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza. Umxholo we-immunotherapy ukwinkqubo ekhethekileyo yeeseli zomzimba zokuzikhusela. Ngenxa yetekhnoloji yabo eyahlukileyo, bajika baba sisixhobo esinamandla esikwaziyo nokutshabalalisa ngokuchanekileyo iiseli zomhlaza.Ngokuxilongwa komhlaza wamabele, unyango lokuhlinzwa kunye nonyango lweradiation luyasetyenziswa.Shiya isicelo kwiwebhusayithi yethu kwaye iingcali zethu ziya kunxibelelana nawe kwaye zikuncede ukhethe ezona klinikhi zibalaseleyo ngokubhekisele kwimeko yakho yasimahla.

Umhlaza we-bladder ngumhlaza wesine oxhaphakileyo phakathi kwamadoda; kubafazi, yinto eqhelekileyo. Njengomthetho, ithumba lesinyi liyakhula kancinci, kwaye linokulawulwa ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa okukhulu. Ngapha koko, kwiimeko ezininzi zomhlaza webangela, umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo esisongela ubomi buncinci kakhulu. Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye noviwo oluqhelekileyo kubalulekile kwimpumelelo yonyango.Iimpawu zomhlaza we-bladderOlona phawu luqhelekileyo lomhlaza weblack9 kukubonakala kwegazi emchameni. Ngamanye amaxesha inokuthi ibonwe ngamehlo agudileyo, kodwa ubukho beeseli zegazi bunokubonwa kuphela ngexesha ngokubanziUkuchama. Ukubonakala kwegazi kumchamo kunokuhamba kunye nokuziva okungathandekiyo ngexesha lokuchama (okuhlala kuchazwa ngokuthi “ukutshisa”). Ukongeza, ukuchama kunokuba yinto ethe rhoqo kwaye kungxamiseke ngakumbi kunesiqhelo. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lesi sifo, ezinye iimpawu azikho. Ke ngoko, ukuba kukho igazi emchameni okanye kwimeko yokuchamachama, uviwo kufuneka lwenziwe ngoko nangoko. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ezi mpawu azibonisi ubukho besibeleko - zinokubangelwa nangamatye, ukuvuvukala kwe-urethra, i-prostate eyandisiweyo njl njl. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, unobangela wezi mpawu kufuneka umiselwe ngokuchanekileyo.Njani?Ngaba ufumanisa ukuba unomdlavuza webhedi?Ukuba igazi lifunyenwe kumchamo, kufuneka kwenziwe iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze kungabandakanywa isimhumba. Esi sifo luxanduva lwe-urology, ngoko nokuba ukhe waya kwagqirha wosapho, kuya kufuneka utyelele ugqirha ongu-urologist. Emva kokucacisa imbali yezonyango kunye novavanyo lomzimba, kuyakufuneka uhambe ngetshekhi ezongeziweyo, ngesiqhelo awudingi ukuba esibhedlela.Ngexesha le-cystoscopy, i-endoscope emxinwa ifakwa kwi-urethra (urethra) kwisinye. Ngalo, unokuvavanya ngononophelo indawo yangaphakathi yesinye kunye nokujonga amathumba okanye ezinye izifo. Unokuthatha isampula eludongeni.i-bladder (biopsy). Uviwo lwenziwa ukuba ulele phantsi, phantsi kwe-anesthesia yendawo, kwaye ayifuni kulaliswa esibhedlele. Emva kwe-cystoscopy, ukuziva kancinci okuvuthayo ngexesha lokuchama kunokwenzeka, okuya kudlula emva kosuku okanye ezimbini. Ukusela amanzi amaninzi kule mihla kuyacetyiswa.I-urology ye-CT yikhomputha ye-Tomogra eyicomputer yokuvavanya ixesha apho iarhente yokuchasana ifakwe emzimbeni kwaye igxile ngokukhawuleza kwi-urethra. Emva koku, i-tomography ehlanganisiweyo ibonisa imeko yezintso, i-ureters kunye ne-bladder. Ukuba isigulana sinokugula sisifo i-asthma okanye sibangelwa ziyobisi okanye iodine, amayeza akhethekileyo kufuneka athatyathwe ngaphambi kwenkqubo yokuthintela ukungahambi kakuhle. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-ultrasound kunye ne-compact tomographyizintso azonelanga ukunika ingcaciso egqibeleleyo nengathandabuzekiyo yoonobangela begazi kumchamo.Unyango lomhlaza webladderInyathelo lokuqala kukususa ithumba. Izicubu ezisusiweyo zithunyelwa elabhoratri ukuze zichonge uhlobo lwesisu kunye nobunzulu bokungena kwalo eludongeni lwesinye. Ukukhupha isisu (okanye ukuphinda kusetyenziswe), kudla ngokwenzeka xa usesibhedlela. Ukusetyenzwa ngokutsha kwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia kusetyenziswa isixhobo esifana ne-cystoscope esifakwe kwi-urethra (urethra), ngaphandle kokufaka okanye ukuvula isisu esiswini. Kwiimeko ezininzi, emva kokuba ithumba libhaqiwe, isiguli simenyiwe kwisicelo esimiselweyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko apho ithumba likhokelelaukopha okungapheliyo, kufuneka ngokukhawuleza utyando. Njengomthetho, ukuvela kwakhona kwe-tumor kukhokelela ekuyekeni kokopha. Ngamanye amaxesha ukususwa ngokupheleleyo kwe-tumor akunakwenzeka ngenxa yobukhulu bayo okanye ubunzulu bokungena kudonga lwesinye. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, i-biopsy iya kwenziwa ukumisela uhlobo lwesisu kunye nobunzulu bokungena kwalo, emva koko kuya kusetyenziswa ezinye iindlela zonyango. Emva koqhaqho, i-catheter iyakushiyeka kwi-bladder kwi-urethra kangangeentsuku ezininzi ukuze inxeba lokuhlinzwa liphilise. Kwiintsuku zokuqala emva koqhaqho, kunokubakho ukopha okuncinci ukusuka kwisinye, ekuyekeni kancinci kancinci. Emva kokususwa kwe-catheterUkuziva ungxamisekile kwaye uvutha, okanye buhlungu xa uchama. Ngokwesiqhelo, oku kuphazamiseka yinto yethutyana. Kwiimeko ezininzi, isiguli siya kuba nakho ukubuyela ekusebenzeni ekhaya okuqhelekileyo kwiintsuku ezingama-2-3 emva kotyando. Isigqibo sokuqhubeka nonyango kuxhomekeke kwiziphumo zovavanyo lwe-histological (uhlobo lwe-tumor kunye nobunzulu bokungena).Inqanaba lesibini lonyango linokubandakanya iindlela ezintathu.    Isityholo esingathethekiyo, esingangeni ngaphezulu kune-epithelium yotshintsho. Kule meko, unyango oluqhubekayo aludingeki. Ngaphandle koku, amathumba anjalo ahlala evela kwakhona, ngakumbi kwiminyaka yokuqala emva koqhaqho. Ngesi sizathu, ngakumbiKubalulekile ukuba ihlolwe rhoqo kwikliniki ye-urological.     Isigaxa singene ngaphaya kwe-epithelium yotshintsho, kodwa singangeni kwisisipha. Kule meko, sithetha malunga nes tumor esingaqhelekanga, kodwa kufuneka unyango olungaphezulu. Njengomthetho, amayeza akhethekileyo afakwa kwi-bladder. Esona siyobisi siqhelekileyo nesisebenzayo sibizwa ngokuba yi-BCG. Injongo yayo kukwandisa impendulo yendawo yokulwa izifo. Iziyobisi zeCytotoxic ezibulala iiseli zomhlaza ziyasetyenziswa. Injongo ye-BCG kunye namanye amachiza kukuthintela ukuvela kwakhona kwe-tumor emva kokuphinda usele. Olu nyango lukwacetyiswa kwiimeko ezinje ngobukho bamaqhubu angawona aphezulu.okanye ukubuyela ngokukhawuleza kwethumba kwiinyanga ezininzi emva kotyando. Eli chiza lihanjiswa kanye ngeveki kangangeeveki ezintandathu, kwiklinikhi ye-urological, isebenzisa i-catheter emncinci efakwe kwisinye. Emva kokuphatha iyeza, isiguli sicelwa ukuba siyeke ukuchitha iiyure ezimbini. Isigulana sinokufumana imvakalelo evuthayo xa uchama kunye nemvakalelo engathandekiyo kwisisu esisezantsi, nangona kunjalo, badlula ngokukhawuleza.     Isundu singene emngxunyeni, singene kwiindonga zesinye. Kule meko, ukuvela kwakhona kwe-tumor kwi-urethra akwanele. Ngokwesiqhelo, kuya kufuneka ukuba ususe ibhedi yonke ngaphambiliukuvula isisu esiswini. Injongo yokuphinda i-bladder isuse ngokupheleleyo iiseli zomhlaza emzimbeni ukuze ziphinde ziphile.     Emva kokumiswa kwakhona kwe-bladder, kufuneka kufakwe enye endaweni yakhe ukumvumela ukuba achame. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokukhetha ezinokuthi zitshintshe    Umchamo ungena ngokuthe ngqo kwiibhegi ezixhonywe eludongeni lwesisu.     Ukwenza enye ipokhethi yomchamo kwindawo yomzimba (kufuna ukwenziwa kwe-catheter kaninzi ngemini ukukhupha ipokotho yomchamo).     Enye ipokhethi yomchamo kwindawo yomzimba evumela ukuchama okuqhelekileyo ngokusebenzisa urethra.MhlawumbiNgaba kukho ukubuyela kwakhona ngokupheleleyo?Impendulo ayithandabuzi: ewe. Uninzi lwamaqhubu ebadinadethi zizinto ezingaphezulu nje. Ukukhupha ithumba ngokuhamba kwe-urethra (ngamanye amaxesha ngokudibeneyo kunye nokuqaliswa kwe-BCG kwisinye) kukhokelela ekunyamalaleni kwayo ngokupheleleyo. Rhoqo, emva kwexesha elithile, ithumba liyavela, kodwa ngokuhlolwa rhoqo, unokuyifumana kwasekuqaleni kwaye uyixhathise ngempumelelo. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lubandakanya i-urinalysis, i-cystoscopy kunye ne-tomography ye-urethra. Ixesha elininzi lidlulile kunyango lokugqibela, kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo. Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba ukutshaya kuyayandisa ingozi yakho.ukuphinda uvele esibelekweni; ke, ukuba uyatshaya, kufuneka uyeke lo mkhwa ombi.Amaqumza angena nzulu eludongeni lwebhedi anokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ngoncedo lokuvela kwakhona. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kuyenzeka ukuba kubekho enye ibladder evumela ukuchama okuqhelekileyo ngokusebenzisa urethra. Ndiyabulela kule nto, isiguli asikwazi kuphela ukululama ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kwakhona sibuyele ekusebenzeni kwesiqhelo esiqhelekileyo kuye.Shiya isicelo kwiwebhusayithi yethu kwaye iingcali zethu ziya kunxibelelana nawe kwaye zikuncede ukhethe ezona klinikhi zibalaseleyo ngokubhekisele kwimeko yakho yasimahla.

Ngokomyinge, utshintsho olusuka kwi-precancer luye kwi-tumor enomhlaza lithatha ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwi-15 iminyaka. Utshintsho olulandelayo ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza liye kwelokugqibela lihlala iminyaka emi-1-2.Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko sisisu esibuhlungu, ethi ngokwezibalo zonyango phakathi kwezifo zesifo se-oncological ezenzeka ngesondo elifanelekileyo, sithatha indawo yesine (emva komhlaza wesisu, ulusu kunye ne-mammary gland).Umthombo womhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ziiseli eziqhelekileyo ezigubungela umntwana wesibeleko. Ngaphezulu kwe-600 amawaka ezi tumor zifunyanwayo minyaka le.abaguli. Nangona umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko uhlala ufumaneka phakathi kweminyaka engama-40-60 yeminyaka, kodwa, ngelishwa, kutsha kakhulu.Unyango lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko luhlanganisiwe kwaye lubandakanya utyando, ichemotherapy kunye nonyango lwemitha. Kwimeko nganye nganye, unyango lumiselwe ngokukodwa, luxhomekeka kwinqanaba lesifo, izifo ezihamba kunye, imeko yomlomo wesibeleko, kunye nobukho bezifo ezosulelayo okwangoku.Ngexesha lokuhlinzwa, ithumba lingasuswa nenxalenye yomlomo wesibeleko, ukususwa kwethumba kunyeisibeleko, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngesibeleko ngokwayo. Rhoqo, utyando luxhaswe ngokususa ii-lymph node ze-pelvis (ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zikwazile ukuyiqhela). Umcimbi wokususa i-ovarian ihlala igqitywe ngokukodwa (kwinqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza kubafazi abancinci, ama-ovari angagcinwa).Emva kotyando, ukuba kunyanzelekile, izigulana zimiselwe unyango lwe-radiation. Unyango ngonyango lwe-ionizing radiation zombini lunokuncedisa unyango lokuhlinzwa, kwaye lunokumiselwa ngokwahlukeneyo. Unyango lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, ichemotherapy, iziyobisi ezizodwa ezinqumamisa ukukhula zingasetyenziswa.kunye nolwahlulo lweseli yomhlaza. Ngelishwa, amathuba e-chemotherapy kwesi sifo anqongophele.Impumelelo yonyango lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ixhomekeka kubudala besi sigulana, ukuchaneka kokukhethwa kwonyango, kwaye, okubaluleke ngakumbi, kuqhaqho lwesifo. Xa umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ufunyaniswa kwinqanaba lokuqala, ugqirha uthandeka kwaye isifo sinokunyangwa ngeendlela zoqhaqho.Shiya isicelo kwiwebhusayithi yethu kwaye iingcali zethu ziya kunxibelelana nawe kwaye zikuncede ukhethe ezona klinikhi zibalaseleyo ngokubhekisele kwimeko yakho yasimahla.

Ukunyanga ngamayeza ukubulala intsholongwane kunyango. Ukunyanga ngamayeza inokuba yenye yezinto ezisetyenziswayo kunyango kwaye inokudityaniswa nonyango lwe-radiation okanye ukususwa kwesibeleko. Injongo ye-chemotherapy ingaba kukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwesisu somhlaza kunye nokucothisa ukukhula nokukhula kwakhona kweeseli ezinomhlaza. Ukucutha ukukhula kunye nokuveliswa kwakhona kweeseli kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwesayizi yesisu kunye nokuphuculwa komgangatho wobomi besigulana kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, kukonyusa amathuba okususa ngokupheleleyo isimila.Kucetyisiwe    Unyango lomhlaza     Umhlaza wobomi bomhlaza

Unyango lwe-leukemia engapheliyo lujolise ekunciphiseni iimpawu zesifo. I-Leukemia luhlobo lomhlaza ochaphazela iiseli zegazi emzimbeni. Esi sifo sihlala sikhula emngxunyeni wethambo, apho kukho ukungalingani kumqolo weeseli zegazi ezimhlophe. Ngokwesiqhelo, iiseli zegazi ziyakheka, zikhule, kwaye zifeze ukwenza indawo yeeseli ezintsha, kwaye i-leukemia iphazamisa le nkqubo.Isifo se-leukemia esingapheliyo siyacotha kwaye kwinqanaba lokuqala, elinokuhlala iminyaka emininzi, aludingi unyango. Okokugqibela, phantse akunakwenzeka ukuphilisa ngokupheleleyo isifo se-leukemia, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba kuncitshiswe iimpawu kwaye kufezekiswe ukuxolelwa ngoncedo lwe-chemo- kunye ne-radiotherapy, unyango ngamachiza, unyango lwebhayoloji okanye ukufakwa kwamathambo. Ngokufumanisa isifo se-leukemia, unyango ngamayeza okanye ukutya okongeziweyo akunampembelelo kunyango.

Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza we-rectum okanye amathumbu amancinci, okwaziwa ngokuba ngumhlaza we-colorectal, kuxhomekeke kwindawo apho kukho khona isithumba kunye nenqanaba lesi sifo. Umhlaza ubakho xa kuqatshelwa ngomlomo ngokungaqhelekanga, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iiseli ziqale ukwahlula-hlula ngokukhawuleza, endaweni yokufa nokwenza indawo yeeseli ezintsha.I-Chemotherapy, okanye unyango lwe-systemic, lwenziwa iinyanga ezininzi. Iichemicals ezithile zinokucothisa okanye ziphazamise ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza. Amaxesha okuba uthathe ichemotherapy (iikhosi),ithathe indawo yokuphumla yeeveki ezininzi ukubuyisela umzimba.Ngokuhambelana ne-chemotherapy, unyango olujolisiweyo lunokwenziwa, oluvumela amayeza ukuba ahlasele iiseli zesisu ngendlela ekujolise kuyo, ngaloo ndlela zivelise impembelelo engentle emzimbeni wesigulana.I-radiotherapy ikuvumela ukuba utshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza usebenzisa isifundo se-dosed kwaye egxile kwimitha.Isicwangciso kunye nexesha lokunyanga kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuphuhliswa komhlaza kunye nempilo ngokubanzi yezigulana.Kucetyisiwe    Umhlaza wekolon     Umhlaza webala     Umhlaza webala

nullUnyango ngamachiza kunye nonyango oluhambelana nemitha. Ukukhethwa kwendlela ekhokelela kunyango kuchazwe ngokobungakanani kunye nendawo esikuyo isifo, imeko yesigulana kunye nezifo ezihamba nazo.Isisu esincinci kakhulu esingamiseli i-mucosa, kuphela i-mucosa enomaleko ophantsi kwaye iphinde yenziwa nge-gastroscope, kwaye iziphumo zonyango zilungile kakhulu.Kwinqanaba I-II lomhlaza, inxenye yesophagus iyasuswa, isiphene sizaliswe yinxalenye yesisu okanye ityhubhu yenziwe kwisisu. Namhlanje kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise izixhobo ze-endoscopic kule misebenzi.Ngokusasazeka kwethumba kuludwe lwezihlunu kunye nokuqhubeka, kwenziwa umsebenzi, kodwa okunullNgamanye amaxesha i-chemoradiotherapy yenziwa ngoxinzelelo olungonelanga. Chemotherapy inokwenziwa ukuba utyando alunakwenzeka, xa ithumba likhulu kakhulu, okanye linethumba elincinci, kodwa ngokuchasene ngokubanzi nokuhlinzwa. Kule ndlela yokulondolozwa, ukusinda kuthelekiswa nonyango lokuhlinzwa. Ubukho be-fistulas, ichemoradiotherapy ayinakwenzeka. I-Chemotherapy inokuba nzima kunye nokuvuvukala okukhulu kwe-membrane ye-mucous yesophagus, eya kufuna isidlo ngokuthoba.Shiya isicelo kwiwebhusayithi yethu kwaye iingcali zethu ziya kunxibelelana nawe kwaye zikuncede ukhethe ezona klinikhi zibalaseleyo ngokubhekisele kwimeko yakho yasimahla.

Neoplasms ezingalunganga gallbladder. Esi sifo sisifo esingaqhelekanga, uninzi lwabafazi abaneminyaka engama-50 nangaphezulu.Iimpawu zesifo seenyongoOlona phawu lubonakaliswayo lubandakanya ukubetha sisisu kunye nokugabha, isifo sentliziyo, isifo esimalunga nesithathu kwisisu, umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, ukuncipha komzimba, ukuncipha kwamalungu, ukuqaqanjelwa, kunye nokukhula kwesisu esiswini. Njengomthetho, kwizigaba zokuqala zesifo, isiguli asinakho nakuphi na ukuphazamiseka, okucutha kakhulu amathuba wesigulanaUkuvuselelaUkuxilongwa komhlaza wegallbladderInani leemvavanyo zelebhu kunye nezixhobo zenziwa: uvavanyo lwegazi ngokubanzi, i-biochemistry yegazi, i-x-ray yamalungu esiswini, uvavanyo lwe-magnetic resonance diagnostic membrane yesisu, i-transdermal transhepatic cholangiography, i-biopsy yenyongo ngokuqhubeka novavanyo lwembali yeesampulu zeesisisi ezichaphazelekayo.Unyango lwe-Gallbladder CancerUnyango lwesi sifo, njengezona niplasms zinobungozi, kubandakanya ukususwa kwesibeleko kunye nonyango lokugcina umzimba. Eyona ndlela iphambili yokunyanga kukuhlinzwa, eyona cholecystectomy idume ngayo. Namhlanje, yenziwa ngendlela ethe tye yokusebenza.-indlela yeLaparoscopic. Ngexesha lonyango oluntsonkothileyo, unyango lwe-radiation kunye ne-chemotherapy isetyenziswa, kwaye izigulana zikwaboniswa ngamalungiselelo e-radiosensitizer anezixhobo ezisebenzayo ezandisa amandla okuziva kweeseli ze-atypical kwiindidi ezithile zemitha.UThintelo lwe-Gallbladder CancerAzikho iindlela ezithile zokuthintela le patology. Iingcebiso ngokubanzi zibandakanya: ukuqheleka kweempawu zesisindo, isondlo esifanelekileyo, ukuncipha kwenani lokutya kwemvelaphi yezilwanyana kunye nokwanda kokutya kwemifuno kunye neziqhamo. Kucetyiswa ukuba bayeke imikhwa emibi, baziqhelanise nokuzivocavoca rhoqo kunye nomzimba.

nullOnke amathumba ezintso afunyaniswa ukuba awafumene, kunye ne-ultrasound ecwangcisiweyo ngokungabikho ngokupheleleyo kweempawu.Iimpawu zesifo sesi sifo ngoku aziqhelekanga.    1. Igazi kumchamo (hematuria). Inkangeleko yakhe inokuba ngequbuliso kunye neprofayili.     2. Ubuhlungu kumqolo ongezantsi kunye nomqolo ongezantsi: ezi zikhalazo zinxulunyaniswa nokuhluma kwesisu kwizitho ezikufuphi okanye ukuphuma kwe-ureter.     3. Ukutywina esiswini (palpation palpates the tumor).     4. Ukonyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi (le yokugqibela inokubangelwa kukucinezelwa kwemithambo yegazi okanye ukuveliswa kwethumba lesen).5. I-Varicocele.     6. Ukuphulukana nobunzima, ubuthathaka ngokubanzi, isifo seengcongconi, ukujuluka ebusuku, kunye nokudinwa okugqithisileyo.Ngelishwa, amaxesha amaninzi iimpawu zomhlaza wezintso aziveli ngokukhawuleza, esi sifo siqhubeka kwifom ye-asymptomatic ixesha elide. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza uvavanyo rhoqo lokuthintela, yenza uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound kwaye uthathe uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo.Uxilongo lomhlaza wezintsoUxilongo lomhlaza wezintso lubandakanya uluhlu lonke lweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuxhaphaza, ekuvumela ukuba uqinisekise ngokuchonga ngokuchanekileyo nangokuchanekileyo.   1. Eyona ndlela yokufumana isifo inokufikeleleka ngeyona ndlela.    2. Imigangatho yegolide yokuxilongwa kwamathumbu ezintso yikhompyuterTomogra ngokwahlukileyo. I-Tomogra efikelelweyo inika umfanekiso ogcweleyo malunga nesikhundla se-tumor, ubungakanani bayo, inqanaba leklinikhi kunye nokukhula kwe-tumor kwizitho ezikufutshane.   3. Ukuhlolwa kwe-urinal kutyhila ubukho bokungacoceki kwegazi kumchamo.   4. Uvavanyo lwegazi lukuvumela ukuba uchonge imiqondiso engangqalanga yesifo: i-anemia, amanqanaba aphezulu e-alkaline phosphatase, urea egazini, njl.   5. I-MRI yokufumanisa isifo samathumbu ezintso isetyenziswa kancinane kune-CT, eyona nto iphambili yokwenza iMRI kukuchasana nokwenza i-CT.   6. I-biopsy yamathumba ezintso yenzelwa ukungqina isifo.kunye nokumisela amaqhinga okunyanga ngakumbi. Ngelishwa, kwezinye iimeko, i-biopsy yesibeleko sezintso ayisiyoyikisi, ngenxa yesi sizathu, olu phononongo ngoku lwenziwa ngokungaqhelekanga.  7. Ukufumanisa metastases emiphungeni kunye namathambo emathambo, isifuba x-ray kunye ne-osteoscintigraphy ziyasetyenziswa.  8. I-angiography engokoqobo-kuvavanyo lwe-X-ray kwiarhente eyahlukileyo.Ngokusekelwe kuluphi uphawu lokubonakalisa umhlaza wezintso, imeko yesigulana kunye neziphumo zovavanyo lwangaphambili, ugqirha ukhetha iindlela ezithile zokufumanisa umhlaza wezintso ukwenza owona mfanekiso uphambili.Amanqanaba omhlaza wezintsoKukho amanqanaba ama-4 omhlaza wezintso oboniswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyonullokanye ithumba lisasazeka kwi-renal vein / vena cava.     4. Inqanaba lomhlaza wezintso. Isimila sihluma iqhekeza lezintso.Unyango lomhlaza wezintsoUnyango lomhlaza wezintso lusekwe ngeendlela ezininzi ezamkelweyo ezisetyenziswa ngokukodwa okanye ngokubanzi. Ugqirha okhoyo, ngokusekwe kuhlobo lwesibeleko, inqanaba lekliniki yobudala kunye nokuphila kakuhle, ukuchasana okukhoyo kunye nezinye izinto, banokubhenela kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Olona nyango lusebenzayo kumhlaza wezintso kukususa ithumba. I-nephrectomy yokujikeleza kukususa ngokupheleleyo izintso ezichaphazelekayo, zihlala zidibene nezicubu zomjikelezo ze-perirenal, ii-lymph node, kwaye ngamanye amaxeshai-adrenal gland. Ukuba ubungakanani bes tumor abudluli kwi-7 cm, kusenziwa ngokwenxalenye yezintso. Kunye nendlela yesiqhelo, apho kususwa khona izintso okanye ukwenziwa kwayo kwakhona ngenxa yokuvela okukhulu, kukho i-laparoscopic enye. Kule meko, i-tumor isuswa okanye iphinde isetyenziswe kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezizodwa ezifakwe kwisisu sesisu ngokusebenzisa iincinci ezincinci (2 cm). Indlela ye-laparoscopic inxulunyaniswa nobuncinci beengxaki. Ukongeza, ukubuyisela isigulana kwisigulana ngokukhawuleza. Olunye unyango olunokuthi lusebenze kwi-tumor yezintso. Umxholo wendlela kukukhulula i-tumor ngoncedo lwekristalu elikhethekileyo elifakwe kwi-tumor. Tumorkufakwe enye yokuqandusela kunye nokucwilisa, okukhokelela ekufeni kweeseli zomhlaza. Le ndlela yeyona nto ihlupheka kakhulu kwisigulana kwaye ibonakalisiwe xa utyando lungenzeki, amathumba amazinyo omabini kunye nesibeleko sentso enye. Unyango ngamachiza (ichemotherapy, unyango lwehomoni okanye i-immunotherapy) lumiselwe ukuba ngaba kufunyaniswe ukuba unomdlavuza wezintso (inqanaba 4), xa utyando alunakwenzeka.Ukuthintela uMhlaza woMngundoUkuthintela umhlaza wezintso, kubalulekile ukuyeka ukutshaya, ukulawula ubunzima kunye nokutya ukutya okulingeneyo (kunye nemfuno yeziqhamo nemifuno). Ke, indlela yokuphila esempilweni yeyona ndlela iphambili yokuthintela esi sifo.

nullumthamo womonakalo kwi-larynx. Ukutshatisa kwelizwi luphawu lwangaphambili xa iklcincinoma ikwimilo yegama, kodwa ivele kumanqanaba kamva xa ifunyenwe kumacandelo amakhulu e-supraclad kunye ne-subclad. Izigulana ezinomdlavuza ongalinganiyo zihlala zithintela umoya kwaye ukubetha kwawo kuyimpawu eqhelekileyo kumanqanaba alandelayo. Izigulana ezinomdlavuza ogqithisileyo we-ligamentous zihlala zine-dysphagia; Ezinye iimpawu ezibonakalayo zesi sifo kukuthintelwa kweendlela zomoya, i-otalgia, ukukhula kwesisu emqaleni, ilizwi eliqhunyisiweyo. Isigulana esinezi mpawu kufuneka sithunyelwe ngoko nangoko kwi-laryngoscopy.UxilongoI-LaryngoscopyUnyango lwe-endoscopy kunyenullnullI-Endoscopic laser resection kunye nonyango lwe-radiation, njengomthetho, ukuvumela ukuba ugcine izwi lezigulana. Ukusetyenziswa konyango lomhlaza womhlaza wokubeletha kwinqanaba lokuqala loqhaqho okanye unyango lweradiation, njengomthetho, kuxhomekeke kukhetho loogqirha beziko kunye nesigulana.Kwamanqanaba akudala e-vocal fold carcinoma, bayabanjiswa okanye babandakanyeke kwinkqubo yolwimi; Izigulana ziboniswa ichemotherapy okanye unyango lwe-radiation. Ukuba ithumba lesigulana liye lasasazeka ngaphaya kwe-larynx okanye langena kwi-cartilage, i-laryngectomy inikezela ngezona ziphumo ze-oncological; I-laryngectomy ihlala ibanzi, kodwa kwezinye iimekoI-endoscopic laser resection of the tumor okanye i-laryngectomy evulekileyo yenxalenye inokusetyenziswa. I-laryngectomy ebanzi isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimeko ezinzima ukusindisa isiguli; Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwe-endoscopic okanye i-laryngectomy evulekileyo isenokusetyenziswa.Kumanqanaba okuqala e-carcinoma ye-supraclavicular larynx, unyango lwe-radiation okanye ukubekwa ngokutsha kwenxalenye ye-larynx kuyasebenza. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-laser resection kumanqanaba okuqala e-squamous cell carcinoma kubonise iziphumo ezilungileyo. Ukuba i-carcinoma iyaqhubeka ukukhula, kodwa ayichaphazeli ntambo yelizwi lokwenyani, emva koko inokwenza ilaryngectomy yempumlo yenzelwa ukugcina izwi kunyesphincter yeglottis. Ukuba isiguli sikwanayo neentambo zelizwi, i-laryngectomy ngaphezulu kwe-cricoid cartilage okanye i-laryngectomy iyadingeka, ukuba kugqitywe kwelokuba kwenziwe unyango. Njengakwimeko ye-laryngocarcinoma, uninzi lwamanqanaba aqhubekayo omhlaza onqabileyo we-ligament oqala ukunyangwa nge-chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation. Ingingqi ye-ligamentous inethiwekhi ecebileyo ye-lymphatic, ke ngoko, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka inikezwe kwingingqi yentamo kuzo zonke izigulana ezinomhlaza we-ligamentous.Nge-carcinoma ye-pharynx esezantsi, unyango luyafana nomhlaza we-larynx. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, umonakalo uhlala uphathwa kuphelaUnyango lwe-radiation, okanye i-endoscopic resection njengenye indlela. Nangona kunjalo, kwizigulana ezininzi ezinomhlaza wesibeleko, inkqubela phambili inxulunyaniswa nemeko yesi sifo njengesifo kunye nokusasazeka kwenkqubo yasekhaya ngenkqubo ye-lymphatic; Izigulana ezinjalo ziphathwa ikakhulu nge-chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation, kwaye kwangoko-ngokweempawu ezibalulekileyo.Ukubuyisela kwimeko yesiqheloUkuhlaziywa kunokufuneka emva kolunye uhlobo lonyango. Ngokwesiqhelo, kuvela ubunzima obukhulu kunye nenkqubo yokuginya ukutya emva kwechemotherapy okanye iradiation radiation, enokufuna ukuncitshiswa kweesophagus, kwiimeko ezibuthathaka ngakumbi - iplasitiki yepharynx okanye ukumiselwa kwe-gastrostomy. Ngexesha lokuhlinzwaUngenelelo lungaphazamisa nenkqubo yokuginya, kwaye unyango luyafuneka, kubandakanya ukwandiswa komendo wokugwinya.Utyando, kwelinye icala, ichaphazela intetho ngakumbi. Emva kwe-laryngectomy iyonke, isiguli kufuneka senze ilizwi elitsha ngo:    Ilizwigealal izwi    I-Esophageal punctual punct    Umqala (electropharynx)Ngazo zontathu iindlela, intetho iyilwa ngokuthatha inxaxheba pharynx, palate ezithambileyo, ulwimi, amazinyo nemilebe.Isiseko sokusekwa kwelizwi "lesophageal izwi" (izwi lokulinganisa) kukudala isikhewu selizwi kwimbonakalo kunye nophuhliso lwayoukuvalwa okungenalusini.Nge-tracheoesophageal fistula, ivalve ibekwa phakathi kwe-trachea kunye ne-esophagus ukwenzela ukuphucula isandi. Isivalo sinceda ukupompa umoya ungene kwi-esophagus ngexesha lesenzo sokuphefumla. Izigulana ziyavuselelwa emzimbeni, kwizifundo zendlela yokuthetha, zifundiswa imigaqo yonyango lwefistula, kwaye zonke izigulana ziyalumkiswa ngomngcipheko wokufuna ukutya namanzi.I-larynx yombane sisixhobo esinebhetri ebekwe kumphezulu wentamo. Ngaphandle kokungonwabi okwenziwe kukubekwa esweni kwezoluntu xa kunxitywa abaguli abaninzi, kulula ukuphatha kwaye akufuneki uqeqesho olulodwa.

Emva kokuba isigulana sifunyaniswe sinomhlaza kwaye saye saxilongwa, sithunyelwa kubahlohli. Le yincoko kunye nogqirha ngexesha lokuxoxwa kwesicwangciso sonyango.Emva kokuba isigulana sifunyaniswe sinomhlaza kwaye saye saxilongwa, sithunyelwa kubahlohli. Le yincoko kunye nogqirha ngexesha lokuxoxwa kwesicwangciso sonyango. Ingcali ye-oncologist iya kuyenza. Uyokuxelela yonke into oyidingayo malunga nesifo sakho kunye nonyango lwayo. Ixesha, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, iziphumo ezilindelekileyo, kunye nethemba lakho. Ngokwemvelo, unokubuza i-oncologist yonke imibuzo yakho.Ngexesha lonyango, uya kubonisana nodokotela wakho oncologist, oza kujonga inkqubela phambili kunyango.Kucetyisiwe    Umhlaza

nullzibonakalise kumanqanaba okuqala esi sifo (ngaphandle kokuqaqamba kwesisu).Izinto eziphambili zomngcipheko zibandakanya:     ukwaluphala-njengommiselo, esi sifo sikhula kubafazi emva kokuyeka ukuya exesheni, iminyaka engama-50 kuye kwengama-60 (iimeko ezisi-8 kwezili-10);      abasetyhini abaqala ukuya esikhathini (ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka eli-12 ubudala) kunye nokuyeka ukuya esikhathini (emva kweminyaka engama-52);      ukutshaya      ukutyeba kakhulu      ukuthatha iziyobisi zokungasebenzi kakuhle kunye nonyango lokubuyisela endaweni yehomoni;      i-polycystic;      i-endometriosis (ukwanda okungaqhelekanga kwesibeleko esingaphakathi esibelekweni);Into eyindlalifa (ubume bendawo) - ubukho bosapho olusondeleyo lomhlaza we-ovary, ibele okanye umhlaza webala.Abafazi abangenabantwana kwaye abangazange bancancise nabo basengozini.Amanqanaba kunye neentlobo zomhlaza we-ovarianKukho amanqanaba ama-4:    Kwinqanaba loku-1, isilonda sifunyanwa kwelinye okanye kuwo mabini amaqanda. Ugqirha uqinisekile ukuba uphilile, unyango luyanyangeka, uninzi lwezigulana luhamba ngokuxolelwa ngaphandle kokubuyisa isifo.    Kwinqanaba le-2, i-neoplasm isasazeka kwamanye amalungu e-pelvic cavity. Ngokubanzi, kwaye kweli nqanaba, uqikelelo lwekamva luhle, ngokwezibalo kudidi lweminyaka emihlanunullngokomgangatho wokungalunganga:    iklasi A (ukungalunganga okuphantsi) -ukukhula kancinci ukukhula, iiseli ezinokungalingani okuncinci (zahlulwe kakhulu);     iklasi B (ukulimala okungalunganga) -ukubhengezwa ngakumbi kokutshintsha kwezemvelo kwiiseli ze-tumor ngokuthelekiswa kakhulu;     iklasi C (ukungalunganga okukhulu) - ithumba elikhula ngokukhawuleza, iiseli ezikumgangatho ophantsi.Unyango lwe-Ovarian CancerUnyango lokudibanisa luhlala lubandakanya indibaniselwano yendlela yokuhlinzwa (utyando) kunye ne-chemotherapy.UtyandoNjengomthetho, ngexesha lotyando lomhlaza we-ovary, omabini amalungu abhangqileyo, iityhubhu zokuwa kunye nesibeleko, ii-lymph node ezikufuphi kunye nezihlunu zezicubu ze-adipose kwisisu sesisu ziyasuswa,usasazeke kuwo umhlaza.Ukuba ibhinqa eliselula linokusifumana esi sifo kwasekuqaleni (kwinqanaba loku-1), kwezinye iimeko ungenelelo olucothayo lwenziwa ngokususa ityhubhu ye-ovary kunye ne-fallopian kwelinye icala. Ukongeza kwinyani yokuba i-prognosis yokunyanga kule meko inezinto, oku kukuvumela ukuba ugcine ithemba lokukhulelwa.Ukunciphisa umngcipheko kunye nobunzima beengxaki, kunye neenjongo zokuthambisa, utyando lomhlaza wamathambo lunokwenziwa kusetyenziswa inkqubo yeRobot da Vinci ekrelekrele.Ukunyanga ngamayezaUkunyanga ngamayeza anyanga intsholongwane yomhlaza wesibeleko ihlala imiselwe emva koqhaqho njengenxalenye yonyango olunzima. Iziyobisi zihlala zilawulwaemthanjeni okanye ngqo esibelekweni sesisu, indibaniselwano yezi ndlela ikwasetyenziswa.Kumanqanaba amva, ichemotherapy inokukhethwa njengeyona ndlela iphambili yokunyanga.Unyango lwe-radiationKwiimeko ezinqabileyo (zineentlungu eziqatha, ukopha okuvela kwisisu), unyango lwangaphandle lwe-radiation okanye i-brachytherapy (uqhakamshelwano ngemitha) lubandakanywa kwirejimeni yonyango yomhlaza we-ovarian.Ukubuyiselwa kwimeko yesiqhelo emva konyangoKwikhosi eqhelekileyo yokuvuselela umzimba, ukuphilisa ngokupheleleyo emva kokunyanga umhlaza wesibeleko kwabasetyhini kuthatha iiveki ezi-6. Ukuba isibeleko sikhutshiwe, kwiiveki ezi-3-4 ziyimfuneko ukushiya isondo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho unokukunika iihomoni kunye nevithamini D.

Umhlaza wolusu yingxaki eqhelekileyo. Kwihlabathi, i-Australia, New Zealand kunye ne-USA bakhokelela kwinani leemeko ezintsha ze-melanoma ezixeliweyo ngonyaka. E-Russia, njengakwenye indawo ehlabathini, amanani-manani omzimba akhula.Ngokwe-World Health Organisation, i-132,000 yeziganeko ezitsha ze-melanoma zibikwa minyaka le emhlabeni. Uninzi lwabaguli ngabantu abadala, emva kweminyaka engama-50 inani lamadoda abagulayo liphindaphindeka ka-2 kunamabhinqa. Kodwa emadodeni nabafazi, umhlaza wolusu ukhula rhoqo. Ngokutsho kweengcali zezifo ezingubhubhani, okuUmhlaza eRashiya ngowesibini kuphela kumhlaza wemiphunga, umhlaza wamabele kunye nomhlaza webele. Ngamanye amagama, oku akukhona malunga nesifo esithile, kodwa malunga nesongelo lokwenene kwimpilo.Iindidi ze-oncology yolusuIsifo somhlaza esiqhelekileyo kubandakanya:I-basal cell carcinoma - le tumor ifunyaniswa kwiimeko ezi-7 zomhlaza wolusu kwezilishumi. I-Basalioma ikhangeleka njenge-nodule okanye ibala le-brown-brown or pink color, edla ngokubonakala ebusweni. Umthungo ngamanye amaxesha unokuwukha, wenzakalise okanye uphalaze- uyanda kancinci ngobukhulu,Ngaphandle kokubangela umntu aveze ukungonwabi, yiyo loo nto utyelelo lukagqirha lungalibazisa. Ngethamsanqa, le tumor ayifane isasazeke emzimbeni wonke (inika i-metastases), ke, inkqubela phambili kwizigulana ihlala intle.I-squcinous cell carcinoma yolusu (squamous cell carcinoma) ihlala ifana ne-mushroom ekwimo: umzimba ojikeleze umlenze omncinci. Esi siswini sifana ne-wart: kwiimeko ezininzi sifumaneka kumphezulu wobuso, kwingingqi yomlomo ongezantsi. Kwezinye iintlobo ze-squamous cell carcinoma, i-neoplasm inokubonwa kuphela ngokutshintsha kombala wolusu: kwindawo yendawo.ubonakala etyheli okanye ebuhlungu. Kumanqanaba amva, i-carcinoma ikhokelela ekusekweni kwe metastases kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ayinakho ukunyangwa.IMelanoma luhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu lwesisu esidala ukubulala uninzi lomhlaza wolusu. Ikhula rhoqo ukusuka kwi-moles - ukuqokelelwa kweeseli ze-pigment, ii-melanocyte, kodwa ayisiyiyo kuphela: i-melanoma inokuthi ichaphazele i-retina, mucous membranes (umlomo womlomo, ubufazi, i-rectum). Le noplasm ibonakaliswa ngokukhula okukhawulezileyo kwaye ithambekele ekubunjweni kweethatastases ezininzi ezikude - kumathambo, ingqondo, amaphaphu, isibindi. Nditshongonyango olusebenza ngexesha elifanelekileyo, abaguli abane-melanoma bahlala benokuphinda babuye - ukukhula okuphindaphindiweyo kwethumba emva kweminyaka eliqela.Kukho iindlela ezisisiseko zokulwa nomhlaza wolusu.Utyando yeyona ndlela ifikelelekayo yokukhupha isimila. Okona kusebenza kakuhle kokusebenza kuqatshelwe kwinqanaba lokuqala, xa i-neoplasm ingachaphazeli ii-lymph node kunye namanye amalungu kunye nezicubu. Emva kokususa isimila, ugqirha utyando wenza i-cauterization (i-electrocoagulation) kunye nonyango lwe-Therapy. Kuba umhlaza wolusu uhlala ukhula ebusweni, kukho ungenelelo oluthambileyo,ezinciphisa iziphene zobuhle. Oku kubandakanya i-cryodestruction, apho ithumba liqanduselekile nge-nitrogen engamanzi kwaye isuswe ngaphandle kokonzakala kwezicubu ezinzima. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba kwiimeko ezinobunzima bohlobo lomhlaza - i-squamous cell carcinoma kunye ne-melanoma - akunakwenzeka ukwenza ukhetho ngokuxhasa ubuncinci bevolumu yokuhlinzwa. Unyango lwe-Micrographic, ngokwendlela ye-MOHS (Mohsa), lujongwa njengolukhuselekileyo nolona hlobo lwanamhlanje lwongenelelo ngoncedo lomhlaza wolusu. Ngayo, ulusu oluneseli yesisu esisuswe kwisisele, phantsi kolawulo lwe microscope, kwaye ungqameko ngalunye ngqoNgexesha lokuhlinzwa kuthunyelwa ukuba kuqhubeke uviwo kwilabhoratri. Ugqirha ugqirha ungenela ungenelelo kuphela xa abembali beqinisekisa ukuba inxeba alikho kwiiseli ezinobungozi.I-radiotherapy isetyenziswa njengesihlanganisiyindlela yonyango. Ukukhupha imitha kuyonakalisa iiseli ezithanda ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, ngenxa yoko, imigca ejikelezayo ye-ionizing radiation inokunciphisa ubungakanani besisu, kunye nokutshabalalisa ezo seli zingalunganga ezisinde emva koqhaqho. Ixesha leeseshoni ze-radiotherapy kunye nedosi yeradiation ngumntu ngamnye kwisigulana ngasinye.I-Chemotherapy icwangcisiwe kwaye yeyasekhaya. Ngokuqeshwa kwendlela, cytotoxic (ekhubekisayo kwiiiseli) ikhemikhali itofwe ngaphakathi okanye ngaphakathi ifakwe ngqo kwisisu. Indlela enjalo ibaluleke kakhulu ekuchongeni i-metastases xa ujoliso lomhlaza lubekwe ngaphandle kokufikelela koogqirha.Unyango lwe-Photodynamic lubandakanya ukutshatyalaliswa kwethumba ngumthi we-laser emva kwephotosensitization yangaphambili (ukwandisa ubushushu beeseli ukukhanya). Le ndlela intsha intsha, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngaphandle koqhaqho kuxhomekeke kwingxoxo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphuhliswa kwetekhnoloji kunegalelo kwinto yokuba unyango lwefotodynamic ngokuthe ngcembe luziswa kwinkqubo yezonyango yamaziko onyango.Ukunyanga kunye nokujolisa ekusetyenzisweni - ubugcisa obunobuchule kunye obuthembekileyo obubandakanya ujoliso ekujoliseni.amathumba ngokuvuselela amajoni omzimba okanye ukungenisa iziyobisi ezenzelwe uhlobo oluthile lomhlaza ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zofuzo zomntu ngamnye. Ezinye iingcali ziqinisekile ukuba ekuhambeni kwexesha le ndawo iku-oncology iya kuthatha indawo yazo zonke ezinye iindlela zokunyanga i-neoplasms, kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, unyango lwe-immune kunye nejolise kulo lisetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo nezinye iinkqubo kunye nokuthintela ukubuyela umva.Shiya isicelo kwiwebhusayithi yethu kwaye iingcali zethu ziya kunxibelelana nawe kwaye zikuncede ukhethe ezona klinikhi zibalaseleyo ngokubhekisele kwimeko yakho yasimahla.

Uphengululo:Ipososuction yinkqubo yoqhaqho lokususa amanqatha phantsi kolusu. Inkqubo yenziwa kusetyenziswa i-aspirator emxinwa. I-Ultrasound isetyenziselwa ukwaphula amanqatha kwezinye izixhobo. I-Liposuction isetyenziswa kumalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba, kubandakanya isisu, isinqe, umlenze ongezantsi, iingalo, amabhlana, umva, intamo nobuso. Ububanzi obumiselweyo bokuhlala kwelinye ilizwe: Iiveki ezi-1Kuxhomekeke kwindawo echaphazelekayo kunye nenani lamafutha asuswe, i-liposuction ingaqwalaselwa njengokusebenza kancinci okanye okunzima.

Uphengululo:Ukuqinisa ulusu lwezandla, okwabizwa ngokuba yi-brachioplasty, yinkqubo yoqhaqho yokutshintsha ubume bezandla nokubanika ukuqina. Ugqirha ugqirha unokusebenzisa i-liposuction ukususa amanqatha kunye nolusu, kunye nokuqinisa ulusu.Nangona uninzi lweeklinikhi zibonelela ngendlela engahlaseliyo, kuhlinzwa lwendabuko, ugqirha utyando wenza ukubonakala kwengalo ukusuka elwistini ukuya elungqamekweni. Kuba kule meko ingqatha ihlala kumphezulu wengalo, ihlala ingabonakali. Nangona kunjalo, izibonelelo zomsebenzi onjalo kufuneka zikalwe ngokuthelekiswa neziphumo zaso, ngakumbi amabala. Ububanzi obumiselweyo bokuhlala kwelinye ilizwe: Iiveki ezi-1Ngamanye amaxesha isigulana kufuneka sibesesibhedlele kude kube kususwe amanxeba. Lo mbuzo kufuneka ucaciswe ngugqirha wotyando. Ukuhamba emoyeni ukuya ekhaya kunokwenzeka kwiintsuku ezingama-7-10.

Uphengululo:Ukunyusa umzimba - ukudityaniswa kweenkqubo zoqhaqho ukuphucula ukubonakala komzimba wesigulana ngokususa ukugqithisa kunye nokuxinana kolusu olushiyekileyo. Oku kususa namafutha agqithisileyo phantsi kolusu kwaye, ukuba yimfuneko, i-cellulite.Uninzi luhlala luqinisa umzimba ongezantsi, kubandakanya i-abdominoplasty (i-tummy tuck), kunye namaqatha kunye namabhuthi. Xa uphakamisa umzimba unokwenziwa neminye imisebenzi, njengokuphakamisa isifuba kunye nolusu lwezandla. Ububanzi obumiselweyo bokuhlala kwelinye ilizwe: 1 - 2 iivekiNgaphambi kokuphapha ekhaya, ugqirha kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba oku kuvumela imeko yesigulana, kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuthintela i-vein thrombosis (DVT) enzulu.