IZiko loNyango lweRabin

Uphengululo:I-Hysterectomy ngumsebenzi osusa isibeleko. Nge-hysterectomy, kuphela isibeleko esishenxisiweyo, okanye kunye nomlomo wesibeleko, i-ovari kunye neetyhubhu ze-fallopian. I-hysterectomy inokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa isisu esisesiswini (isisu hysterectomy) okanye ngokusebenzisa ubufazi (vagst hysterectomy). Ugqirha we-hysterectomy unokwenziwa njengohlinzwa ovulekileyo okanye utyando lwe-laparoscopic (utyando lwe-arthroscopic). I-uterine fibroids yeyona nto ibangela i-hysterectomy. Kuba ixesha lokuhlaziya lide kakhulu, ukusebenza kubonisiwe kuphelaukuba olunye unyango aluphumelelanga. Emva kwe-hysterectomy, umfazi uyeka ukuya esikhathini, akakwazi ukuba nabantwana, kwaye ke kunyangwa unyango kuye. Ububanzi obumiselweyo bokuhlala kwelinye ilizwe: 1 - 3 iivekiEmva kotyando, umfazi udinga iiveki ezininzi zokuvuselelwa ngaphambi kokuba ahambe. Ugqirha kufuneka aqiniseke ukuba imeko yesigulana izinzile, kwaye ukulungele ukuhamba.

Uphengululo:Unyango lwe-aneurysm yengqondo yinkqubo yoqhaqho eyenziwa apho umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwe-aneurysm uphakamileyo. Ububanzi obumiselweyo bokuhlala kwelinye ilizwe: iivekiIxesha elichithwe ekliniki lixhomekeka kuhlobo lwe-aneurysm. Nge-aneurysm engafakwanga mntu, ixesha lokubuyisela emva konyango lihlala lifutshane kunasemva kokuqhekeka.

Uvavanyo lonyango olunokuthintelwa luhlala lubizwa ngokuba kukuhlolwa okanye kuvavanyo, kuvavanyo lwesiNgesi, uvavanyo ngokubanzi lwempilo lwesigulana. Uvavanyo kunyango lunokunceda ekuchongeni iingxaki zempilo kwasekuqaleni, nangaphambi kokuqala kweempawu, kwaye kwaye nokubaqinisekisa abaguli abaxhalabileyo ngempilo yabo okanye baneempawu ezikrokrelayo.Uvavanyo ngokubanzi lonyango (jonga-up) luyacetyiswa ukwenziwa rhoqo kwiminyaka embalwa. Ingakumbi kwabo baguli abagqithisileyoubunzima, imikhwa emibi, okanye imbali yosapho yezifo ezifana nesifo sentliziyo, umhlaza, okanye isifo seswekile. Ukukhangelwa kunokunceda ukuqaphela iingxaki ezinje ngexinzelelo lwegazi okanye isifo sentliziyo. Izigulana ziya kukwazi ukwenza utshintsho oluyimfuneko kwindlela yokuphila nakwindlela oziphatha ngayo, kwaye ukuba kufanelekile, qalisa ukuthatha amayeza, ukuthintela ukuqhubela phambili kwezifo.Zininzi iimvavanyo novavanyo ezahlukeneyo ezingabandakanywa kuvavanyo lwezonyango, kubandakanyakuvavanyo lwegazi, ukucingela isifo, iimviwo zentliziyo kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ukuhlolwa kunokubandakanya uvavanyo lwegazi lokumakishwa kweempawu zeempawu zesifo somhlaza emzimbeni.Ukukhangela-kunconyelwa kuye nakubani na onamathandabuzo ngemeko yabo yezempilo okanye abaneempawu ezifuna ukubekwa esweni rhoqo.KucetyisiweUvavanyo rhoqo lwezonyango luyacetyiswa kubo bonke abaguli, ngakumbi abo basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuhlaselwa zizifo ezithile.

Into yokuqala ekufuneka beyazi abaguli kunye nawo wonke umntu obhinqileyo malunga nomhlaza wamabele (njengoko, eneneni, malunga naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaza): namhlanje esi ayisosigwebo, isigaba sangaphambi sesi sifo, ayanda amathuba wokoyisa umhlaza ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye kwizigaba ezilandelayo, kukho amathuba ngakumbi okulwa nesi sifo ngokubulela kweendlela zonyango zangoku (jonga ngezantsi).Ngubani osengozini? Umhlaza webele sisifo esingalunganga esibi esenzeka phantse kumfazi omnye kwabalishumi. Umhlaza wesifuba unokufunyaniswa nangaliphi na ixesha, kodwa emva kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, umngciphekoUkwenziwa kwethumba kukuphindwe kasi-6 kunangaphambili. Abaphandi bafumanisa ezona zinto zibangela ukukhula kwesi sifo:1) Ukufumana inzala: ukuba izalamane, ngakumbi kwicala loomama, ziye zafunyaniswa ukuba zinomhlaza webele, izitho zangasese zabasetyhini, kunye nezinye izifo ze-oncological, ke umngcipheko wokukhula komhlaza webele unyuke;2) ukuqala kokuqala kokuya esikhathini (ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka eli-12) kunye nokuqala kade kokuyeka ukuya esikhathini (emva kweminyaka engama-55);I-3) ukungabikho komntwana, ukuzala kade emva kwexesha (emva kweminyaka engama-30), ukunqongophala kokuzala okanye ixesha elifutshane lokuncancisa, isifo sokudumba kwasemva kokubeletha;4) ubomi besondo ngokungaqhelekanga;5) ukulimala kwe-mammary gland;I-6) Ukuchongwa kwe-"dishormonali-mammary gland hyperplasia ”;7) ukukhuluphala;8) ukungasebenzi kwe-thyroid;9) Unyango olungena endaweni yehomoni.Iimpawu zomhlaza wamabele Kwinkqubo yezonyango, ithumba elikwi-gland ye-mammary kwiimeko ezininzi lifunyaniswa ngumfazi okanye iqabane, okwenzekileyo. Isimila sinokufunyanwa xa kubhalwa uviwo lwe-mammologist, ugqirha wezifo zengqondo, okanye ugqirha ofumaneke ngengozi ngexesha lovavanyo.Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ulumkise:    Ukongeza kwimvakalelo kwimfundo ebeleni, umfazi unokujonga utshintsho kwi-nipple: ulceration, retraction, spoting from the nipple. Eli lithuba lokudibana nodokotela kwangoko!     kumanqanaba kamva uphawuukukhula kobuthathaka, ukonakala kwempilo, ukukhohlela, ukuphefumla okunzima, iintlungu zamathambo zinokwenzeka.Unyango lomhlaza webele Unyango lomhlaza webele lwenziwa ngamanqanaba aliqela kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zisetyenziswa namhlanje:Unyango lwe-antitumor yamayeza.Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango olunje, ezizezi:* ichemotherapy: kule meko, iziyobisi ezijolise ekutshatyalalisweni kweeseli ze-tumor zisetyenzisiwe;* Unyango lwehomoni, oko kukuthi, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezixinzelela umsebenzi wehomoni wesisu kunye nomzimba;* Unyango olujolisiweyo luhambo olutsha, indlela apho amachiza “abukhali” kwiziphumo ekujolise kuzo kwiseli yesisu kwaye enze ngokungacacanga kwimpiloizicubu zomntu;* I-Immunotherapy lulwalona lwalathiso lutsha, abathi namhlanje kwiingqungquthela zamazwe amaninzi ze-oncologists babizwe yenye yeendlela eziphambili nezikhuthazayo zokulwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza. Umxholo we-immunotherapy ukwinkqubo ekhethekileyo yeeseli zomzimba zokuzikhusela. Ngenxa yetekhnoloji yabo eyahlukileyo, bajika baba sisixhobo esinamandla esikwaziyo nokutshabalalisa ngokuchanekileyo iiseli zomhlaza.Ngokuxilongwa komhlaza wamabele, unyango lokuhlinzwa kunye nonyango lweradiation luyasetyenziswa.Shiya isicelo kwiwebhusayithi yethu kwaye iingcali zethu ziya kunxibelelana nawe kwaye zikuncede ukhethe ezona klinikhi zibalaseleyo ngokubhekisele kwimeko yakho yasimahla.

nullUnyango ngamachiza kunye nonyango oluhambelana nemitha. Ukukhethwa kwendlela ekhokelela kunyango kuchazwe ngokobungakanani kunye nendawo esikuyo isifo, imeko yesigulana kunye nezifo ezihamba nazo.Isisu esincinci kakhulu esingamiseli i-mucosa, kuphela i-mucosa enomaleko ophantsi kwaye iphinde yenziwa nge-gastroscope, kwaye iziphumo zonyango zilungile kakhulu.Kwinqanaba I-II lomhlaza, inxenye yesophagus iyasuswa, isiphene sizaliswe yinxalenye yesisu okanye ityhubhu yenziwe kwisisu. Namhlanje kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise izixhobo ze-endoscopic kule misebenzi.Ngokusasazeka kwethumba kuludwe lwezihlunu kunye nokuqhubeka, kwenziwa umsebenzi, kodwa okunullNgamanye amaxesha i-chemoradiotherapy yenziwa ngoxinzelelo olungonelanga. Chemotherapy inokwenziwa ukuba utyando alunakwenzeka, xa ithumba likhulu kakhulu, okanye linethumba elincinci, kodwa ngokuchasene ngokubanzi nokuhlinzwa. Kule ndlela yokulondolozwa, ukusinda kuthelekiswa nonyango lokuhlinzwa. Ubukho be-fistulas, ichemoradiotherapy ayinakwenzeka. I-Chemotherapy inokuba nzima kunye nokuvuvukala okukhulu kwe-membrane ye-mucous yesophagus, eya kufuna isidlo ngokuthoba.Shiya isicelo kwiwebhusayithi yethu kwaye iingcali zethu ziya kunxibelelana nawe kwaye zikuncede ukhethe ezona klinikhi zibalaseleyo ngokubhekisele kwimeko yakho yasimahla.

Ngokomyinge, utshintsho olusuka kwi-precancer luye kwi-tumor enomhlaza lithatha ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwi-15 iminyaka. Utshintsho olulandelayo ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza liye kwelokugqibela lihlala iminyaka emi-1-2.Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko sisisu esibuhlungu, ethi ngokwezibalo zonyango phakathi kwezifo zesifo se-oncological ezenzeka ngesondo elifanelekileyo, sithatha indawo yesine (emva komhlaza wesisu, ulusu kunye ne-mammary gland).Umthombo womhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ziiseli eziqhelekileyo ezigubungela umntwana wesibeleko. Ngaphezulu kwe-600 amawaka ezi tumor zifunyanwayo minyaka le.abaguli. Nangona umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko uhlala ufumaneka phakathi kweminyaka engama-40-60 yeminyaka, kodwa, ngelishwa, kutsha kakhulu.Unyango lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko luhlanganisiwe kwaye lubandakanya utyando, ichemotherapy kunye nonyango lwemitha. Kwimeko nganye nganye, unyango lumiselwe ngokukodwa, luxhomekeka kwinqanaba lesifo, izifo ezihamba kunye, imeko yomlomo wesibeleko, kunye nobukho bezifo ezosulelayo okwangoku.Ngexesha lokuhlinzwa, ithumba lingasuswa nenxalenye yomlomo wesibeleko, ukususwa kwethumba kunyeisibeleko, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngesibeleko ngokwayo. Rhoqo, utyando luxhaswe ngokususa ii-lymph node ze-pelvis (ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zikwazile ukuyiqhela). Umcimbi wokususa i-ovarian ihlala igqitywe ngokukodwa (kwinqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza kubafazi abancinci, ama-ovari angagcinwa).Emva kotyando, ukuba kunyanzelekile, izigulana zimiselwe unyango lwe-radiation. Unyango ngonyango lwe-ionizing radiation zombini lunokuncedisa unyango lokuhlinzwa, kwaye lunokumiselwa ngokwahlukeneyo. Unyango lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, ichemotherapy, iziyobisi ezizodwa ezinqumamisa ukukhula zingasetyenziswa.kunye nolwahlulo lweseli yomhlaza. Ngelishwa, amathuba e-chemotherapy kwesi sifo anqongophele.Impumelelo yonyango lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ixhomekeka kubudala besi sigulana, ukuchaneka kokukhethwa kwonyango, kwaye, okubaluleke ngakumbi, kuqhaqho lwesifo. Xa umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ufunyaniswa kwinqanaba lokuqala, ugqirha uthandeka kwaye isifo sinokunyangwa ngeendlela zoqhaqho.Shiya isicelo kwiwebhusayithi yethu kwaye iingcali zethu ziya kunxibelelana nawe kwaye zikuncede ukhethe ezona klinikhi zibalaseleyo ngokubhekisele kwimeko yakho yasimahla.