Ikliniki ye-Oncology Sofia

Into yokuqala ekufuneka beyazi abaguli kunye nawo wonke umntu obhinqileyo malunga nomhlaza wamabele (njengoko, eneneni, malunga naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaza): namhlanje esi ayisosigwebo, isigaba sangaphambi sesi sifo, ayanda amathuba wokoyisa umhlaza ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye kwizigaba ezilandelayo, kukho amathuba ngakumbi okulwa nesi sifo ngokubulela kweendlela zonyango zangoku (jonga ngezantsi).Ngubani osengozini? Umhlaza webele sisifo esingalunganga esibi esenzeka phantse kumfazi omnye kwabalishumi. Umhlaza wesifuba unokufunyaniswa nangaliphi na ixesha, kodwa emva kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, umngciphekoUkwenziwa kwethumba kukuphindwe kasi-6 kunangaphambili. Abaphandi bafumanisa ezona zinto zibangela ukukhula kwesi sifo:1) Ukufumana inzala: ukuba izalamane, ngakumbi kwicala loomama, ziye zafunyaniswa ukuba zinomhlaza webele, izitho zangasese zabasetyhini, kunye nezinye izifo ze-oncological, ke umngcipheko wokukhula komhlaza webele unyuke;2) ukuqala kokuqala kokuya esikhathini (ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka eli-12) kunye nokuqala kade kokuyeka ukuya esikhathini (emva kweminyaka engama-55);I-3) ukungabikho komntwana, ukuzala kade emva kwexesha (emva kweminyaka engama-30), ukunqongophala kokuzala okanye ixesha elifutshane lokuncancisa, isifo sokudumba kwasemva kokubeletha;4) ubomi besondo ngokungaqhelekanga;5) ukulimala kwe-mammary gland;I-6) Ukuchongwa kwe-"dishormonali-mammary gland hyperplasia ”;7) ukukhuluphala;8) ukungasebenzi kwe-thyroid;9) Unyango olungena endaweni yehomoni.Iimpawu zomhlaza wamabele Kwinkqubo yezonyango, ithumba elikwi-gland ye-mammary kwiimeko ezininzi lifunyaniswa ngumfazi okanye iqabane, okwenzekileyo. Isimila sinokufunyanwa xa kubhalwa uviwo lwe-mammologist, ugqirha wezifo zengqondo, okanye ugqirha ofumaneke ngengozi ngexesha lovavanyo.Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ulumkise:    Ukongeza kwimvakalelo kwimfundo ebeleni, umfazi unokujonga utshintsho kwi-nipple: ulceration, retraction, spoting from the nipple. Eli lithuba lokudibana nodokotela kwangoko!     kumanqanaba kamva uphawuukukhula kobuthathaka, ukonakala kwempilo, ukukhohlela, ukuphefumla okunzima, iintlungu zamathambo zinokwenzeka.Unyango lomhlaza webele Unyango lomhlaza webele lwenziwa ngamanqanaba aliqela kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zisetyenziswa namhlanje:Unyango lwe-antitumor yamayeza.Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango olunje, ezizezi:* ichemotherapy: kule meko, iziyobisi ezijolise ekutshatyalalisweni kweeseli ze-tumor zisetyenzisiwe;* Unyango lwehomoni, oko kukuthi, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezixinzelela umsebenzi wehomoni wesisu kunye nomzimba;* Unyango olujolisiweyo luhambo olutsha, indlela apho amachiza “abukhali” kwiziphumo ekujolise kuzo kwiseli yesisu kwaye enze ngokungacacanga kwimpiloizicubu zomntu;* I-Immunotherapy lulwalona lwalathiso lutsha, abathi namhlanje kwiingqungquthela zamazwe amaninzi ze-oncologists babizwe yenye yeendlela eziphambili nezikhuthazayo zokulwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza. Umxholo we-immunotherapy ukwinkqubo ekhethekileyo yeeseli zomzimba zokuzikhusela. Ngenxa yetekhnoloji yabo eyahlukileyo, bajika baba sisixhobo esinamandla esikwaziyo nokutshabalalisa ngokuchanekileyo iiseli zomhlaza.Ngokuxilongwa komhlaza wamabele, unyango lokuhlinzwa kunye nonyango lweradiation luyasetyenziswa.Shiya isicelo kwiwebhusayithi yethu kwaye iingcali zethu ziya kunxibelelana nawe kwaye zikuncede ukhethe ezona klinikhi zibalaseleyo ngokubhekisele kwimeko yakho yasimahla.

Ukunyanga ngamayeza ukubulala intsholongwane kunyango. Ukunyanga ngamayeza inokuba yenye yezinto ezisetyenziswayo kunyango kwaye inokudityaniswa nonyango lwe-radiation okanye ukususwa kwesibeleko. Injongo ye-chemotherapy ingaba kukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwesisu somhlaza kunye nokucothisa ukukhula nokukhula kwakhona kweeseli ezinomhlaza. Ukucutha ukukhula kunye nokuveliswa kwakhona kweeseli kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwesayizi yesisu kunye nokuphuculwa komgangatho wobomi besigulana kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, kukonyusa amathuba okususa ngokupheleleyo isimila.Kucetyisiwe    Unyango lomhlaza     Umhlaza wobomi bomhlaza

Emva kokuba isigulana sifunyaniswe sinomhlaza kwaye saye saxilongwa, sithunyelwa kubahlohli. Le yincoko kunye nogqirha ngexesha lokuxoxwa kwesicwangciso sonyango.Emva kokuba isigulana sifunyaniswe sinomhlaza kwaye saye saxilongwa, sithunyelwa kubahlohli. Le yincoko kunye nogqirha ngexesha lokuxoxwa kwesicwangciso sonyango. Ingcali ye-oncologist iya kuyenza. Uyokuxelela yonke into oyidingayo malunga nesifo sakho kunye nonyango lwayo. Ixesha, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, iziphumo ezilindelekileyo, kunye nethemba lakho. Ngokwemvelo, unokubuza i-oncologist yonke imibuzo yakho.Ngexesha lonyango, uya kubonisana nodokotela wakho oncologist, oza kujonga inkqubela phambili kunyango.Kucetyisiwe    Umhlaza

Umhlaza wamalaphu namhlanje yenye yeentlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-neoplasms ezibi. Ngokomndilili, kukho abantu abangama-40 abanomhlaza wemiphunga kubantu abangama-100,000 kwihlabathi, ngaphezu koko, amadoda afunyaniswa enesifo izihlandlo ezili-10 ngaphezulu kwabafazi, kwaye umda wabahlali basezidolophini kuzo zonke iimeko uphinda-phindeka kunabantu belali. Nangona kunjalo, amayeza okunyanga anamhlanje angamandla okunyanga olu hlobo lwe-oncology: ngokufika ngexesha lokunceda, kuyenzeka ukuba ungapheleli ekuphelisweni kwesi sifo, kodwa uphinde ulibale ngalo ngonaphakade.UmhlazaImiphunga: isifo sesifo kunye nokunyanga isifoMalunga nezigidi ezintlanu zabantu babulawa ngumhlaza wemiphunga minyaka le emhlabeni. Olu hlobo lomhlaza lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-bronchogenic carcinoma, okanye umhlaza we-bronchogenic. I-tumor ikhula kwi-epithelium eqingqiweyo ye-mucous membrane ye-bronchi, alveoli kunye ne-epithelium ye-bronchial gland. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba i-etiology yesifo ayikacaci, ezona zizathu ziphambili zokwenzeka kwayo kubandakanya: ukutshaya; ukubonakaliswa kwi-radon kunye ne-carcinogens ethile (i-asbestos mineral yeyona ngozi kakhulu kwimiphunga); iintlobo ezithile zentsholongwane; ukunyuka kokuxinana kwamasuntswana othuli emoyeni. I-pathogenesis yomhlaza wemiphunga ivuliwenullnullimiphunga.Inqanaba 1 lomhlaza wemiphunga libonakaliswa sisisu ukuya kuthi ga kubukhulu obuyi-3 cm, engekabikho metastasize. I-neoplasm ikwisigaba esinye semiphunga okanye ngaphakathi kwe-bronchus.Inqanaba lesi-2 - ithumba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6 cm ikwindawo enye yemiphunga okanye ngaphakathi kwebronchus. I-metastases eyodwa kwi-pulmonary kunye ne-bronchopulmonary lymph node ziyaqwalaselwa.Inqanaba lesi-3-lithumba elikhulu kune-6 cm ngokutshintsha libe kukudibana kwemiphunga okanye ukumila kwebronchus esondeleneyo okanye i-bronchus ephambili. I-metastases ifumaneka kwi-bifurcation, tracheobronchial, paratracheal lymph node.4Inqanaba lomhlaza wemiphunga libonakaliswa nge-metastases kwiinkqubo ezikude kunye namalungu, i-pleurisy kunye / okanye i-pericarditis eqhotyoshelweyo. Olu hluko lusebenza kuphela kwi-squamous cell carcinoma. Kwimeko yomhlaza weseli omncinci, okhula ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, ngamanqanaba amabini kuphela ahlukileyo. Inqanaba lokuqala - inqanaba eliqingqiweyo - lihamba kunye nokwenziwa kweeseli zemithambo-luvo kwimiphunga enye kunye nezicubu ezikufutshane. Kwinqanaba lesibini, i-tumor metastasesa kwindawo engaphandle kwemiphunga kunye nakwizitho ezikude.Unyango lomhlaza wamalusuUkuchongwa kakuhle kwe-oncology ye-pulmonary kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba ukhetho lweendlela ezifanelekileyo zonyango luxhomekeke kuzo. Iindlela eziphambili zeziUngenelelo lokuhlinzwa, unyango lwe-chemo kunye nonyango lwe-radiation. Ngombulelo kuphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwetekhnoloji yezonyango, ezi ndlela ziya zikhuselekile kwaye zisebenze.1. Unyango lonyango lusetyenziselwa i-squamous cell carcinoma. Ngexesha lotyando, ithumba elipheleleyo elinomhlaza okanye icandelo elisecaleni liyasuswa. Umthamo weethishu ezisuswe uxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesitshisi kunye nendawo akuyo. Imeko yangoku kunyango lomhlaza wemiphunga kukusetyenziswa kweendlela ezinqabileyo, eziveliswa kusetyenziswa ikhamera yevidiyo encinci. Obu buchule babizwa ngokuba yiVidiyo-encedisiweyo yeToracoscopic Surgery (VATS). Ukusebenza okunje kuhamba kunye nentlungu engachazwanga, kwaye inkqubo yokuvuselela emva kwabo iqhubeke ngokukhawuleza.2. Ukunyanga ngamayezaOlona nyango luphambili kwizigulana ezinomhlaza wemiphunga. Isiseko sayo silele ekuthatheni amayeza atshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.3. Ujoliso (ekujoliswe kulo) unyango lomhlaza wemiphunga. Amachiza anjalo aqaphela iiseli ezingalunganga ngeempawu zazo kwaye azitshabalalise, ezichaphazela imisebenzi ebalulekileyo (ukukhula, ukwahlula). Ukongeza, iziyobisi ziphazamisa ukubonelelwa kwegazi kwisisu. Unyango ekujolise kulo (ekujoliswe kulo) lunokuchazwa njengendlela yokuzimeleyo yonyango okanye ngokudibana ne-chemotherapy ukwenzela ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle konyango.4. Unyango lwe-immunological kunyango lomhlaza wemiphunga luyinto entsha kwaye luyathembisa kakhuluI-oncology yolondolozo. Unyango olunje lukuvumela ukuba usete iiseli zomzimba wakho wokuzikhusela kwiiseli zomhlaza kwaye "ujoliso" luchaphazela kuphela iiseli zesisu.5. I-Radiotherapy. Ukucaphukiswa kwethumba ngentsimbi enamandla emisebe ye-gamma, ngenxa yokuba iiseli zomhlaza ziyafa (bayayeka ukukhula kunye nokuzala). Iqhutywa yindlela ekude okanye ephezulu yedosi. Unyango lwe-radical radiation, zombini i-tumor ngokwayo kunye nemimandla ye-metastasis yommandla ivulelekile kwimisebe. Unyango lwe-radiation lukwasetyenziswa kumhlaza weseli omncinci.Shiya isicelo kwiwebhusayithi yethu kwaye iingcali zethu ziya kunxibelelana nawe kwaye zikuncede ukhethe ezona klinikhi zibalaseleyo ngokubhekisele kwimeko yakho yasimahla.