Isibhedlele saseCheil General kunye neZiko lezeMpilo

Uphengululo:I-electrocardiogram (ECG) irekhodwa kusetyenziswa ii-electrodes ezibekwe esikhumbeni. Bakhangela imibane yombane yesihlunu sentliziyo, esikuvumela ukuba usete ubungakanani bamagumbi entliziyo, ukuguquguquka kwesiqhelo sentliziyo kunye nezinye iiparamitha. I-electrocardiogram inokubona ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo, kubandakanya isifo sentliziyo, ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo, isifo sentliziyo, isiphoso sentliziyo, i-pathologies yentliziyo, okanye i-pericarditis. Ububanzi obumiselweyo bokuhlala kwelinye ilizwe: 1 - 2 iintsukuUkuba i-electrocardiogram ayisivezi isifo sentliziyo, isigulana sinokuhamba ngenqwelomoya emva nje kwenkqubo.

I-Brachytherapy, ekwabizwa ngokuba lonyango lwangaphakathi lwe-radiation, yindlela yokunyanga umhlaza apho iicuba ezinezinto ezinomathotholo zifakwa emzimbeni. Le ndlela yonyango inciphisa isiphumo sokwenza imisebe kwizicubu ezingqonge kunye namalungu, ngokuchaseneyo neradi yangaphandle, xa kungekuphela ithumba eliveliswe yimitha.I-brachytherapy yenziwa kulawulo lweedosi eziphakamileyo okanye ezisezantsi, xa irediyo ilawulwa okwethutyana okanye ngokuqhubekayo (kwimeko yokugqibela, izinto ezinomathotholo zilahlekelwa ngumsebenzi wazo ngokwazo). Uhlobo lonyango olusetyenzisiweyo luxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza kunye neempawu zesigulana ngasinye. Iidosi ezinkulu kunye nokufakwa ngokusisigxina kwezinto ezinokusasazeka kwezinto kusetyenziswa, njengomgaqo, womhlaza webele.Kucetyisiwe-Umhlaza wolusu - Umhlaza we-Prostate - Umhlaza webele - Umhlaza wesibeleko - Umhlaza welungu lobufazi - Umhlaza weColorectal - Umhlaza

Ngokomyinge, utshintsho olusuka kwi-precancer luye kwi-tumor enomhlaza lithatha ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwi-15 iminyaka. Utshintsho olulandelayo ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza liye kwelokugqibela lihlala iminyaka emi-1-2.Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko sisisu esibuhlungu, ethi ngokwezibalo zonyango phakathi kwezifo zesifo se-oncological ezenzeka ngesondo elifanelekileyo, sithatha indawo yesine (emva komhlaza wesisu, ulusu kunye ne-mammary gland).Umthombo womhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ziiseli eziqhelekileyo ezigubungela umntwana wesibeleko. Ngaphezulu kwe-600 amawaka ezi tumor zifunyanwayo minyaka le.abaguli. Nangona umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko uhlala ufumaneka phakathi kweminyaka engama-40-60 yeminyaka, kodwa, ngelishwa, kutsha kakhulu.Unyango lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko luhlanganisiwe kwaye lubandakanya utyando, ichemotherapy kunye nonyango lwemitha. Kwimeko nganye nganye, unyango lumiselwe ngokukodwa, luxhomekeka kwinqanaba lesifo, izifo ezihamba kunye, imeko yomlomo wesibeleko, kunye nobukho bezifo ezosulelayo okwangoku.Ngexesha lokuhlinzwa, ithumba lingasuswa nenxalenye yomlomo wesibeleko, ukususwa kwethumba kunyeisibeleko, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngesibeleko ngokwayo. Rhoqo, utyando luxhaswe ngokususa ii-lymph node ze-pelvis (ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zikwazile ukuyiqhela). Umcimbi wokususa i-ovarian ihlala igqitywe ngokukodwa (kwinqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza kubafazi abancinci, ama-ovari angagcinwa).Emva kotyando, ukuba kunyanzelekile, izigulana zimiselwe unyango lwe-radiation. Unyango ngonyango lwe-ionizing radiation zombini lunokuncedisa unyango lokuhlinzwa, kwaye lunokumiselwa ngokwahlukeneyo. Unyango lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, ichemotherapy, iziyobisi ezizodwa ezinqumamisa ukukhula zingasetyenziswa.kunye nolwahlulo lweseli yomhlaza. Ngelishwa, amathuba e-chemotherapy kwesi sifo anqongophele.Impumelelo yonyango lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ixhomekeka kubudala besi sigulana, ukuchaneka kokukhethwa kwonyango, kwaye, okubaluleke ngakumbi, kuqhaqho lwesifo. Xa umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ufunyaniswa kwinqanaba lokuqala, ugqirha uthandeka kwaye isifo sinokunyangwa ngeendlela zoqhaqho.Shiya isicelo kwiwebhusayithi yethu kwaye iingcali zethu ziya kunxibelelana nawe kwaye zikuncede ukhethe ezona klinikhi zibalaseleyo ngokubhekisele kwimeko yakho yasimahla.

ICyberKnife lonyango olungalukanga lusebenzise umhlaza kunye nee-benign tumors. Ngoncedo lwesoftware kunye nokuxilongwa kwevidiyo, amathumba abekwa kwindawo ngokuchanekileyo njengoko kunokwenzeka kwaye afakwa ngokufanelekileyo kumanzi amachaphaza emisebe.

Emva kokuba isigulana sifunyaniswe sinomhlaza kwaye saye saxilongwa, sithunyelwa kubahlohli. Le yincoko kunye nogqirha ngexesha lokuxoxwa kwesicwangciso sonyango.Emva kokuba isigulana sifunyaniswe sinomhlaza kwaye saye saxilongwa, sithunyelwa kubahlohli. Le yincoko kunye nogqirha ngexesha lokuxoxwa kwesicwangciso sonyango. Ingcali ye-oncologist iya kuyenza. Uyokuxelela yonke into oyidingayo malunga nesifo sakho kunye nonyango lwayo. Ixesha, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, iziphumo ezilindelekileyo, kunye nethemba lakho. Ngokwemvelo, unokubuza i-oncologist yonke imibuzo yakho.Ngexesha lonyango, uya kubonisana nodokotela wakho oncologist, oza kujonga inkqubela phambili kunyango.Kucetyisiwe    Umhlaza

nullzibonakalise kumanqanaba okuqala esi sifo (ngaphandle kokuqaqamba kwesisu).Izinto eziphambili zomngcipheko zibandakanya:     ukwaluphala-njengommiselo, esi sifo sikhula kubafazi emva kokuyeka ukuya exesheni, iminyaka engama-50 kuye kwengama-60 (iimeko ezisi-8 kwezili-10);      abasetyhini abaqala ukuya esikhathini (ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka eli-12 ubudala) kunye nokuyeka ukuya esikhathini (emva kweminyaka engama-52);      ukutshaya      ukutyeba kakhulu      ukuthatha iziyobisi zokungasebenzi kakuhle kunye nonyango lokubuyisela endaweni yehomoni;      i-polycystic;      i-endometriosis (ukwanda okungaqhelekanga kwesibeleko esingaphakathi esibelekweni);Into eyindlalifa (ubume bendawo) - ubukho bosapho olusondeleyo lomhlaza we-ovary, ibele okanye umhlaza webala.Abafazi abangenabantwana kwaye abangazange bancancise nabo basengozini.Amanqanaba kunye neentlobo zomhlaza we-ovarianKukho amanqanaba ama-4:    Kwinqanaba loku-1, isilonda sifunyanwa kwelinye okanye kuwo mabini amaqanda. Ugqirha uqinisekile ukuba uphilile, unyango luyanyangeka, uninzi lwezigulana luhamba ngokuxolelwa ngaphandle kokubuyisa isifo.    Kwinqanaba le-2, i-neoplasm isasazeka kwamanye amalungu e-pelvic cavity. Ngokubanzi, kwaye kweli nqanaba, uqikelelo lwekamva luhle, ngokwezibalo kudidi lweminyaka emihlanunullngokomgangatho wokungalunganga:    iklasi A (ukungalunganga okuphantsi) -ukukhula kancinci ukukhula, iiseli ezinokungalingani okuncinci (zahlulwe kakhulu);     iklasi B (ukulimala okungalunganga) -ukubhengezwa ngakumbi kokutshintsha kwezemvelo kwiiseli ze-tumor ngokuthelekiswa kakhulu;     iklasi C (ukungalunganga okukhulu) - ithumba elikhula ngokukhawuleza, iiseli ezikumgangatho ophantsi.Unyango lwe-Ovarian CancerUnyango lokudibanisa luhlala lubandakanya indibaniselwano yendlela yokuhlinzwa (utyando) kunye ne-chemotherapy.UtyandoNjengomthetho, ngexesha lotyando lomhlaza we-ovary, omabini amalungu abhangqileyo, iityhubhu zokuwa kunye nesibeleko, ii-lymph node ezikufuphi kunye nezihlunu zezicubu ze-adipose kwisisu sesisu ziyasuswa,usasazeke kuwo umhlaza.Ukuba ibhinqa eliselula linokusifumana esi sifo kwasekuqaleni (kwinqanaba loku-1), kwezinye iimeko ungenelelo olucothayo lwenziwa ngokususa ityhubhu ye-ovary kunye ne-fallopian kwelinye icala. Ukongeza kwinyani yokuba i-prognosis yokunyanga kule meko inezinto, oku kukuvumela ukuba ugcine ithemba lokukhulelwa.Ukunciphisa umngcipheko kunye nobunzima beengxaki, kunye neenjongo zokuthambisa, utyando lomhlaza wamathambo lunokwenziwa kusetyenziswa inkqubo yeRobot da Vinci ekrelekrele.Ukunyanga ngamayezaUkunyanga ngamayeza anyanga intsholongwane yomhlaza wesibeleko ihlala imiselwe emva koqhaqho njengenxalenye yonyango olunzima. Iziyobisi zihlala zilawulwaemthanjeni okanye ngqo esibelekweni sesisu, indibaniselwano yezi ndlela ikwasetyenziswa.Kumanqanaba amva, ichemotherapy inokukhethwa njengeyona ndlela iphambili yokunyanga.Unyango lwe-radiationKwiimeko ezinqabileyo (zineentlungu eziqatha, ukopha okuvela kwisisu), unyango lwangaphandle lwe-radiation okanye i-brachytherapy (uqhakamshelwano ngemitha) lubandakanywa kwirejimeni yonyango yomhlaza we-ovarian.Ukubuyiselwa kwimeko yesiqhelo emva konyangoKwikhosi eqhelekileyo yokuvuselela umzimba, ukuphilisa ngokupheleleyo emva kokunyanga umhlaza wesibeleko kwabasetyhini kuthatha iiveki ezi-6. Ukuba isibeleko sikhutshiwe, kwiiveki ezi-3-4 ziyimfuneko ukushiya isondo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho unokukunika iihomoni kunye nevithamini D.

Umhlaza wolusu yingxaki eqhelekileyo. Kwihlabathi, i-Australia, New Zealand kunye ne-USA bakhokelela kwinani leemeko ezintsha ze-melanoma ezixeliweyo ngonyaka. E-Russia, njengakwenye indawo ehlabathini, amanani-manani omzimba akhula.Ngokwe-World Health Organisation, i-132,000 yeziganeko ezitsha ze-melanoma zibikwa minyaka le emhlabeni. Uninzi lwabaguli ngabantu abadala, emva kweminyaka engama-50 inani lamadoda abagulayo liphindaphindeka ka-2 kunamabhinqa. Kodwa emadodeni nabafazi, umhlaza wolusu ukhula rhoqo. Ngokutsho kweengcali zezifo ezingubhubhani, okuUmhlaza eRashiya ngowesibini kuphela kumhlaza wemiphunga, umhlaza wamabele kunye nomhlaza webele. Ngamanye amagama, oku akukhona malunga nesifo esithile, kodwa malunga nesongelo lokwenene kwimpilo.Iindidi ze-oncology yolusuIsifo somhlaza esiqhelekileyo kubandakanya:I-basal cell carcinoma - le tumor ifunyaniswa kwiimeko ezi-7 zomhlaza wolusu kwezilishumi. I-Basalioma ikhangeleka njenge-nodule okanye ibala le-brown-brown or pink color, edla ngokubonakala ebusweni. Umthungo ngamanye amaxesha unokuwukha, wenzakalise okanye uphalaze- uyanda kancinci ngobukhulu,Ngaphandle kokubangela umntu aveze ukungonwabi, yiyo loo nto utyelelo lukagqirha lungalibazisa. Ngethamsanqa, le tumor ayifane isasazeke emzimbeni wonke (inika i-metastases), ke, inkqubela phambili kwizigulana ihlala intle.I-squcinous cell carcinoma yolusu (squamous cell carcinoma) ihlala ifana ne-mushroom ekwimo: umzimba ojikeleze umlenze omncinci. Esi siswini sifana ne-wart: kwiimeko ezininzi sifumaneka kumphezulu wobuso, kwingingqi yomlomo ongezantsi. Kwezinye iintlobo ze-squamous cell carcinoma, i-neoplasm inokubonwa kuphela ngokutshintsha kombala wolusu: kwindawo yendawo.ubonakala etyheli okanye ebuhlungu. Kumanqanaba amva, i-carcinoma ikhokelela ekusekweni kwe metastases kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ayinakho ukunyangwa.IMelanoma luhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu lwesisu esidala ukubulala uninzi lomhlaza wolusu. Ikhula rhoqo ukusuka kwi-moles - ukuqokelelwa kweeseli ze-pigment, ii-melanocyte, kodwa ayisiyiyo kuphela: i-melanoma inokuthi ichaphazele i-retina, mucous membranes (umlomo womlomo, ubufazi, i-rectum). Le noplasm ibonakaliswa ngokukhula okukhawulezileyo kwaye ithambekele ekubunjweni kweethatastases ezininzi ezikude - kumathambo, ingqondo, amaphaphu, isibindi. Nditshongonyango olusebenza ngexesha elifanelekileyo, abaguli abane-melanoma bahlala benokuphinda babuye - ukukhula okuphindaphindiweyo kwethumba emva kweminyaka eliqela.Kukho iindlela ezisisiseko zokulwa nomhlaza wolusu.Utyando yeyona ndlela ifikelelekayo yokukhupha isimila. Okona kusebenza kakuhle kokusebenza kuqatshelwe kwinqanaba lokuqala, xa i-neoplasm ingachaphazeli ii-lymph node kunye namanye amalungu kunye nezicubu. Emva kokususa isimila, ugqirha utyando wenza i-cauterization (i-electrocoagulation) kunye nonyango lwe-Therapy. Kuba umhlaza wolusu uhlala ukhula ebusweni, kukho ungenelelo oluthambileyo,ezinciphisa iziphene zobuhle. Oku kubandakanya i-cryodestruction, apho ithumba liqanduselekile nge-nitrogen engamanzi kwaye isuswe ngaphandle kokonzakala kwezicubu ezinzima. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba kwiimeko ezinobunzima bohlobo lomhlaza - i-squamous cell carcinoma kunye ne-melanoma - akunakwenzeka ukwenza ukhetho ngokuxhasa ubuncinci bevolumu yokuhlinzwa. Unyango lwe-Micrographic, ngokwendlela ye-MOHS (Mohsa), lujongwa njengolukhuselekileyo nolona hlobo lwanamhlanje lwongenelelo ngoncedo lomhlaza wolusu. Ngayo, ulusu oluneseli yesisu esisuswe kwisisele, phantsi kolawulo lwe microscope, kwaye ungqameko ngalunye ngqoNgexesha lokuhlinzwa kuthunyelwa ukuba kuqhubeke uviwo kwilabhoratri. Ugqirha ugqirha ungenela ungenelelo kuphela xa abembali beqinisekisa ukuba inxeba alikho kwiiseli ezinobungozi.I-radiotherapy isetyenziswa njengesihlanganisiyindlela yonyango. Ukukhupha imitha kuyonakalisa iiseli ezithanda ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, ngenxa yoko, imigca ejikelezayo ye-ionizing radiation inokunciphisa ubungakanani besisu, kunye nokutshabalalisa ezo seli zingalunganga ezisinde emva koqhaqho. Ixesha leeseshoni ze-radiotherapy kunye nedosi yeradiation ngumntu ngamnye kwisigulana ngasinye.I-Chemotherapy icwangcisiwe kwaye yeyasekhaya. Ngokuqeshwa kwendlela, cytotoxic (ekhubekisayo kwiiiseli) ikhemikhali itofwe ngaphakathi okanye ngaphakathi ifakwe ngqo kwisisu. Indlela enjalo ibaluleke kakhulu ekuchongeni i-metastases xa ujoliso lomhlaza lubekwe ngaphandle kokufikelela koogqirha.Unyango lwe-Photodynamic lubandakanya ukutshatyalaliswa kwethumba ngumthi we-laser emva kwephotosensitization yangaphambili (ukwandisa ubushushu beeseli ukukhanya). Le ndlela intsha intsha, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngaphandle koqhaqho kuxhomekeke kwingxoxo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphuhliswa kwetekhnoloji kunegalelo kwinto yokuba unyango lwefotodynamic ngokuthe ngcembe luziswa kwinkqubo yezonyango yamaziko onyango.Ukunyanga kunye nokujolisa ekusetyenzisweni - ubugcisa obunobuchule kunye obuthembekileyo obubandakanya ujoliso ekujoliseni.amathumba ngokuvuselela amajoni omzimba okanye ukungenisa iziyobisi ezenzelwe uhlobo oluthile lomhlaza ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zofuzo zomntu ngamnye. Ezinye iingcali ziqinisekile ukuba ekuhambeni kwexesha le ndawo iku-oncology iya kuthatha indawo yazo zonke ezinye iindlela zokunyanga i-neoplasms, kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, unyango lwe-immune kunye nejolise kulo lisetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo nezinye iinkqubo kunye nokuthintela ukubuyela umva.Shiya isicelo kwiwebhusayithi yethu kwaye iingcali zethu ziya kunxibelelana nawe kwaye zikuncede ukhethe ezona klinikhi zibalaseleyo ngokubhekisele kwimeko yakho yasimahla.

Uphengululo:Ukwandiswa kwesifuba yinkqubo yoqhaqho yokutshintsha ubungakanani kunye nokuma kweethambo le-mammary. Ihlala yenziwa kusetyenziswa ukufakelwa okufakwe ebeleni, kodwa ke kuyasetyenziswa into yokuhambisa izicubu zesisu. Kwimeko yesibini, ngoncedo lwe-liposuction, amanqatha afunyenwe esiswini nasezinkalweni, emva koko angeniswe kwi-mammary gland. Njengomthetho, ukuhanjiswa kwezicubu ze-adipose kukuvumela ukuba unyuse ubungakanani bebele ngeesentimitha ezingama-200 (malunga nobukhulu obuthile). Ububanzi obumiselweyo bokuhlala kwelinye ilizwe: Iiveki ezi-1